STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Resistance rates
grounding of stationary telegraph and telephone installations,
wire-broadoasting distribution points, radio-relay stations and CATV antennas.
Design objectives for resistance
By the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated January 29, 1979 No. 304, the validity period is established
from 01.01. 1980
until 01.01. 1985
Non-compliance with the standard is punishable by law
This standard applies to station and line structures of wired communication installations, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes, selective railway communication installations and antenna systems collective reception television (SKPT), for which stationary grounding devices are equipped, and establishes the resistance standards for grounding devices that ensure the normal operation of the structures and installations listed above, as well as the safety of maintenance personnel.
The standard does not apply to grounding devices that are provided in the technique special purpose.
The terms used in this International Standard and their definitions are given in the reference appendix.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The following must be connected to the working-protective or protective grounding device using grounding wires in the shortest possible way:
one of the poles of the power supply installation; neutral wire of the windings of transformers of a power transformer substation or an own power plant that feeds the equipment of communication enterprises. . a radio relay station or a radio broadcasting node station;
metal parts of power, static and switching equipment;
metal pipelines for water supply and central, heating and other metal structures inside the building;
screens of equipment and cables;
metal sheaths of cables, elements of protection schemes, Lightning rods;
SKPT antennas subject to lightning protection in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation (hereinafter referred to as NTD).
The number of ground wires and the procedure for connecting equipment and equipment to them are established in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
1.2. At communication enterprises, a protective earthing device should be equipped if there are no connecting lines and remote power supply circuits for equipment using earth as a wire. electrical circuit.
1.3. At communication enterprises, it is necessary to equip one working protective grounding device if the "minus" of the current source is grounded (in this case, the remote power supply circuits can be switched on according to the "wire - ground" scheme) or the "plus" of the current source is grounded, but there are no penalties for remote power supply according to the scheme "wire - ground". In this case, the connecting lines can use the "ground" as the wire of the electrical circuit. The circuit of the working-protective grounding device, in the presence of remote power supply circuits, must have two independent inputs to the building (up to the ground shield).
Enterprises should equip separate working and protective grounding devices if there are remote power supply circuits according to the “wire-ground” scheme with grounding the “plus” of the current source.
2.1.3. The resistance of protective grounding devices of intermediate points that do not have power supply installations should be no more than 10 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm-m and no more than 30 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm * m.
2.1.4. The resistance of MTS working and protective grounding devices using earth as one of the wires of connecting lines of any type (custom-made, service from MTS and ATS, transit service lines, etc.), or in remote power supply circuits (DP) should not exceed the values indicated in the table. 1, and also comply with the requirements of clause 1.4;
Table 1
2.1.5. Resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices of linear-hardware shops, strong points; serviced amplifying points that supply remotely unserved or regeneration points according to the "wire-ground" scheme should be determined based on the voltage drop on the grounding device from a remote supply current of not more than 12 V. However, the resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices should not more than the values specified in clause 1.4.
2.2. Resistance standards of grounding devices for unattended amplifying points long distance communication and intermediate points of selective railway communication
2.2.1. Unattended amplifying points (PUP), powered remotely according to the "wire-ground" scheme, in which the remote power circuit ends, must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - working, protective and linear-protective.
As a protective grounding device, it is allowed to use magnesium protectors used to protect PUP metal tanks from soil corrosion.
In cases where it is not required to protect metal LLP tanks from soil corrosion, as well as when using non-metallic hulls. NUP must be equipped with working and combined protective grounding devices.
2.2.2. Unattended amplifying points (NUP) and regeneration points (RP), powered remotely according to the "wire-wire" scheme, as well as NUP. powered according to the "wire-ground" scheme in which the remote power circuit does not end, must be equipped with two separate grounding devices - protective and line-protective.
As grounding conductors for a protective grounding device, it is allowed to use magnesium protectors used to protect metal tanks of LNP or RP from soil corrosion.
In cases where it is not required to protect metal tanks NUP or RP from corrosion, as well as when using non-metallic bodies NUP or RP, a combined protective grounding device must be equipped.
2.2.3. The resistance of the working grounding device for NUP fed according to the “wire-ground” scheme should be no more than 10 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm⋅m and no more than 30 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm⋅m. In this case, the voltage drop from the remote supply currents on the resistance of the grounding device should be no more than 12 V for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm⋅m and no more than 36 V for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm⋅m.
Broadcasting, terminal and subscriber stations that do not have power supply installations must be equipped with a protective grounding device with a resistance of not more than 10 ohms with a soil resistivity of up to 100 ohm-m and 20 ohms for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 ohm⋅m.
2.3.3. Telegraph stations and telegraph broadcasting points operating on single-wire circuits must be equipped with a working-protective and two measuring grounding devices. For telegraph stations, where up to five telegraph sets are installed, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
Resistance of a working-protective grounding device, depending on the number of single-wire telegraph circuits. eaten into the station (see GOST 5238-73. Fig. 1-6), should be no more than the value indicated in Table. 3.
Table 3
2.4. Resistance standards for grounding devices for city telephone exchanges and local railway stations
2.4.1. Telephone exchanges with a central battery (automatic exchanges and manual - PTS) must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - protective or working-protective and two measuring.
In working condition, all three grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding shield and are disconnected only to measure the resistance of the protective or working-protective grounding device.
2.4.2. Telephone exchanges that have connecting lines and do not use earth as a current conductor (for example, connecting lines equipped with inductive sets of the RSL type) should be equipped with protective grounding devices (clause 1.2), the resistance of which should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in g.. 1.4.
Telephone exchanges that do not have power transformer substations must be equipped with a protective grounding device with a resistance not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. four.
Table 4
2.4.3. Telephone exchanges that have connecting surpluses using the earth as current conductors (according to clause 1.3) must be equipped with working-protective grounding devices, the resistance of which must not exceed the value indicated in Table. 5.
Table 5
Note. In cases where at the station the connecting lines are equipped with inductive and battery (using earth as a current conductor) sets of the RSL type, the value of the resistance of the working and protective grounding is selected depending on the number of battery (polar) sets of the RSL type.
2.4.4. Unattended amplifying and regenerating stations fed remotely according to the "wire-wire" and "wire-ground" schemes must be equipped with one protective grounding device, the resistance value of which must correspond to that given in clause 2.2.4.
2.5. Norms of resistance of grounding devices of rural telephone exchanges (STO)
2.5.1. Rural telephone exchanges with a central battery (RTS and ATS) must be equipped with three separate grounding devices in accordance with paragraphs. 2.4.1-2.4.3.
2.5.2. Telephone exchanges with a capacity of up to 200 numbers can be equipped with one protective or working-protective grounding device, and temporary grounding devices can be used as measuring grounding devices.
2.5.3. For compaction equipment of rural exchanges and RTS in the case of (Use of the NUP "wire-wire" power supply system, one combined protective grounding device should be used. In this case, unattended amplifying points should be equipped with protective grounding devices with a resistance not exceeding the value specified in paragraphs 2.1.2 and 2.1.3.
2.5.4. Unattended amplifying points fed remotely according to the “wire-ground” scheme should be equipped with two separate grounding devices: a working one and a line-protective one. The resistance of working and linear protective grounding devices should not exceed the value specified in paragraphs. 2.2.3 and 2.2.5.
2.6. Ground resistance standards for telephone exchanges with a local battery (MB)
2.6.1. Telephone exchanges of the MB system operating on two-wire circuits must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - protective and two measuring. In working order, these three earthing devices must be connected in parallel at the earthing plate. With a station capacity of up to 200 numbers, it is allowed not to equip stationary measuring grounding devices, and when measuring a protective grounding device, use temporary grounding devices.
2.6.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device of MB stations operating in two-wire circuits should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 2.
2.7. Norms of resistance of grounding devices for stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes
2.7.1. Stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes should be equipped with one protective or working-protective grounding device. For control measurements of the resistance of the protective and working-protective grounding device, it is allowed to equip two stationary measuring grounds or use temporary grounding devices.
2.7.2. The resistance of the protective or working protective grounding device should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause 1.4 for amplifying stations and substations, and no more than 10 ohms - for transformer substations audio frequency.
2.8. Resistance standards for grounding devices for combined installations wired connection and radio broadcasting nodes
2.8.1. Stationary installations of wired communication of various purposes, located in the same or nearby buildings and powered by one transformer substation: long-distance, city, railway selective communication and others, as well as stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes should be equipped with one common protective or working and protective grounding device. In this case, the resistance of the connecting electrodes from the grounding device should be taken into account.
2.8.2. The value of the resistance of the common earthing device must comply with the regulations for each connected installation.
2.8.3. Not allowed in unattended amplification points powered remotely direct current, combine a common grounding device with a working one.
2.9. Resistance standards for protective earthing devices for long-distance communication lines
2.9.1. Grounding device resistance values for:
spark gaps of cascade protection types PR-7, IR-10, IIP-15 and IR-20;
spark gaps PR-0.2 or NR-0.3 - when they are installed on supports adjacent to the cable support or station;
spark gaps installed on wires of overhead lines to protect underground communication cables from moth strikes:
lightning rods installed on overhead line supports;
cable and metal sheaths of cables suspended on overhead line supports should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
2.9.2. Resistance of protective grounding devices for input, cable and other supports of intercity communication lines and selective railway communication, on which, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 5238 - 73, it is required to include spark gaps of types IR-0.2 and IR-0.3 or gas-filled arresters, should be no more than the values indicated in Table 7.
Table 6
Table 7
1.10. The resistance of protective grounding devices for arresters of the PR-0.3 type, included to protect locking coils in the third circuits (see GOST 5238 - 73, drawing 15), should not exceed the value indicated in Table. 6.
1.11. The resistance of linear-protective grounding devices for metal cable sheaths, protective wires (cables) or tires laid in the ground when protecting the cable from lightning strikes should be no more than the value indicated in Table. eight.
Table 8
Note. The number of linear protective grounding devices, their placement on cable lines and the method of connecting metal sheaths, cables and screens with a cable are set in the regulatory and technical documentation.
2.10. Resistance standards for protective grounding devices for urban and rural lines telephone networks and local rail networks
2.10.1. Resistance of grounding devices for spark gaps of types IR-0.2; IR-0.3; IR-7; IR-10 and IR-15, attached according to the schemes of hell. 27, 30-32 GOST 5238-73, should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
2.10.2. Resistance of grounding devices for coal-fired arresters of the UR-500 type or gas-filled arresters of the R-27 type, installed in cable boxes at the junctions of wires of overhead lines of GTS, STS and railway communication networks with cable lines (see GOST 5238-73, drawings 23 - 27 ), as well as for the installation points of blockers (see GOST 5238 - 73, Fig. 31), should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 9.
Table 9
2.10.3. The resistance of grounding devices for subscriber stations (see GOST 5238-73, drawings 22-24; 29), for step-down transformers of payphone booths and lightning rods installed on overhead line supports, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. ten.
Table 10
2.10.4. The resistance of the grounding device for the metal sheath of the cable, the screen of the cable with non-metallic sheaths and the cable when they are suspended on the supports of pole and rack lines should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
2.10.5. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices when protecting HTS and STS cables from lightning strikes should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. eight.
2.11. Resistance standards of protective grounding devices on the lines of radio broadcasting nodes
2.11.1. Resistance of linear protective grounding devices for spark gaps of types IR-0.5 and IR-7.0 (see GOST 14857 - 76 drawings 1, 2), as well as for arresters of types IR-0.3 and IR-7, 0 (see GOST 14857-76 fig. 3.5.6) should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
2.11.2. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for grounding the metal sheath and screen of cables laid in telephone ducts and collectors (at the beginning and at the end of the cable) should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. eight.
2.11.3. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for lightning rods installed on the PC overhead line supports should not exceed the values indicated in Table. ten.
2.12. Resistance standards for grounding devices for radio relay stations
2.12.1. Radio relay stations, including those with sealing equipment, must be equipped with one protective earthing device. To control the resistance of the protective grounding device, it is allowed to equip two stationary measuring grounding devices or use temporary grounding devices. In working condition, protective and measuring stationary grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding shield.
2.12.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device must not exceed the value specified in clause 1.4.
2.13. Resistance standards of grounding devices for antennas of the collective television reception system
2.13.1 To protect SKPT antennas from hazardous voltages and currents arising from lightning discharges, a protective grounding device must be equipped. To control the resistance of the protective grounding device, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
2.13.2. It is allowed to connect lightning rods from two or more SKPT antennas located on the same building to one grounding device.
2.13.3 The design of the grounding device, as well as the lightning rod connecting the SKPT antenna to the grounding device, and the method of their connection are established in the regulatory and technical documentation.
2.13.4 The resistance of the grounding device for SKPT antennas should not exceed the values indicated in Table. 6.
2.13.5 If there is a grounding device for the building on which the SKPT antennas are located (when protecting buildings from lightning strikes or for protecting equipment telephone connection and broadcasting), it is allowed to connect lightning rods from SKPT antennas to an existing grounding device. The resistance of the grounding device should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
APPENDIX
(reference)
TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD AND THEIR DEFINITIONS
| Term | Definition |
| Grounding for wired communication installations, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes, etc. | Deliberate electrical connection equipment or apparatus of the enterprise with a grounding device |
| grounding conductor | A metal conductor or a group of conductors of any shape (pipe, angle, wire, etc.). in direct contact with the ground (soil) |
| Ground conductor | Metal conductor connecting grounded equipment or equipment with a grounding conductor |
| Grounding device | Set of ground electrode and ground conductors |
| Grounding device resistance or current flow resistance | The total electrical resistance of the grounding conductors and the grounding conductor relative to the ground, expressed in ohms. The resistance of the earth electrode relative to the earth is defined as the ratio of the voltage of the earth electrode relative to the earth to the current passing through the earth electrode to the ground |
| Soil resistivity | Electrical resistance exerted by soil with a volume of 1 m3 when current flows from one face of the soil to the opposite. Soil resistivity, denoted by Q and expressed in ohms per meter, should be measured taking into account seasonal fluctuations, taking as the calculated most unfavorable value |
| Working grounding device | A device designed to connect wired communication equipment and radio engineering devices (radio broadcasting nodes, radio relay stations) to earth in order to use earth as one of the wires of an electrical circuit |
| Protective earthing device | A device designed to connect the neutral wires of the windings of power transformer substations, lightning rods, arresters, equipment screens and wires for in-station installation to the ground. metal sheaths and armored covers of the cable, metal tanks, unattended amplification points (NUP), metal parts of the power equipment of wire communication installations and radio broadcasting units, installations for keeping the cable under pressure and other equipment that are not normally energized. but may become energized if the insulation of the current-carrying wires is damaged. Protective grounding devices provide equalization of the potential of the metal parts of the equipment with the ground potential and thus protect the operating personnel and equipment from the occurrence of a dangerous potential difference with respect to the ground. |
| Linear protective earthing device | A device that provides grounding of the metal sheaths of the cable and armored covers along the cable route and at stations (NUP) where cable lines fit, as well as on overhead lines for grounding lightning rods, cables and metal sheaths of cables, etc. In some cases it is allowed to combine protective and linear protective grounding devices. Such a grounding device is called a unified protective device. |
| Measuring earthing device | An auxiliary device designed for control measurements of the resistance of the working, protective and working-protective grounding devices. The resistance of the working and protective grounding devices should be measured, as a rule, from the grounding shield at the station, including the grounding conductor towards the grounding conductor. The resistance of grounding devices on overhead and cable lines is measured directly on the line |
| Working-protective grounding device | A device that simultaneously serves as a working and protective grounding device. The resistance of the working and protective grounding device must be no more than the smallest value provided for the working and protective grounding devices. |
GOST 464-79
Group E50
INTERSTATE STANDARD
GROUNDING FOR FIXED WIRED COMMUNICATION INSTALLATIONS, RADIO RELAY STATIONS, RADIO BROADCASTING NODES OF WIRED BROADCASTING AND ANTENNAS OF COLLECTIVE TELEVISION RECEPTION SYSTEMS
Resistance rates
Rounds for stationary telegraph and telephone installations, wire-broadcasting distribution points, radio-relay stations and CATV antennas. resistance norms
OKSTU 6602
Introduction date 1980-01-01
INFORMATION DATA
1. DESIGNED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry communications of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the State Committee of the USSR for Standards dated 29.01.79 N 304
3. The standard is unified with BDS 4722-70
4. REPLACE GOST 464-68
5. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
Number of paragraph, subparagraph, enumeration, application |
|
GOST 12.1.030-81 | |
GOST 5238-81 | 2.3.3; 2.9.2; 2.9.3; 2.10.1-2.10.3 |
GOST 14857-76 |
6. The limitation of the validity period was removed according to protocol N 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)
7. EDITION (February 2002) with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in December 1983, June 1989 (IUS 4-84, 10-89)
This standard applies to station and linear structures of wired communication installations, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes of wire broadcasting (PV), selective railway communication installations and antennas of collective television reception systems (SKPT), for which stationary grounding devices are equipped and grounding device resistance standards are established, ensuring the normal operation of the structures and installations listed above, as well as the safety of maintenance personnel.
The standard does not apply to grounding devices that are provided in special-purpose equipment.
The terms used in this International Standard and their definitions are given in the annex.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The following must be connected to the working-protective or protective grounding device using grounding wires in the shortest possible way:
one of the poles of the power supply installation;
the neutral of transformers, the output of a single-phase current source of a transformer substation or its own power plant supplying equipment of communication enterprises, a radio relay station or a PV station;
metal parts of power, static and switching equipment;
metal reference equipotential surface of electronic telephone exchanges;
metal pipelines for water supply and central heating and other metal structures inside the building;
screens of equipment and cables;
metal sheaths of cables, elements of protection circuits, lightning rods;
SKPT antennas subject to lightning protection in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation (hereinafter referred to as NTD).
The number of ground wires and the procedure for connecting equipment and equipment to them are established in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
1.2. At communications enterprises, a protective grounding device should be equipped if there are no connecting lines and remote power supply circuits for equipment that use the ground as an electrical circuit wire.
Requirements for protective grounding and grounding - in accordance with GOST 12.1.030.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.3. At communication enterprises, one working and protective grounding device should be equipped if the "minus" of the remote power source is grounded (in this case, the remote power circuits can be switched on according to the "wire-ground" scheme) or the "plus" of the current source is grounded, but there are no remote power supply circuits. power supply according to the "wire-to-ground" scheme. In this case, the connecting lines can use the "ground" as the wire of the electrical circuit. The circuit of the working-protective grounding device, in the presence of remote power supply circuits, must have two independent inputs to the building (up to the ground shield).
Enterprises should equip separate working and protective grounding devices if there are remote power supply circuits according to the "wire-ground" scheme with grounding "plus" of the current source.
1.4. The neutral of the transformers, the output of the single-phase current source of the transformer substation or its own power plant that supplies the equipment of communication enterprises, a radio relay station or a PV station, must be connected to a protective or working-protective grounding device. In this case, the grounding device for the above enterprise and for the transformer substation must be common if the distance between the enterprise and the transformer substation is less than 100 m.
The resistance of the common grounding device must comply with the grounding device resistance standards for each connected installation.
The resistance of the grounding device to which the neutrals of generators or transformers or the output of a single-phase current source are connected, with a specific soil resistance of up to 100 Ohm m, should not be more than, Ohm:
2 - installations with a voltage of 660/380 V;
4 - installations with a voltage of 380/220 V;
8 - installations with voltage 220/127 V.
With a specific soil resistance of more than 100 Ohm m, it is allowed to increase the resistance value of the grounding device by /100 times, but not more than ten times, and also not more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in tables 1 - 3, 5 and in paragraphs 2.1.5 , 2.4.5, 2.7.2.
1.3, 1.4. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
1.4a. The resistance of a protective or working-protective grounding device must be ensured taking into account the use of natural grounding conductors (metal pipes laid underground, metal structures, reinforcement of buildings and their concrete foundations, etc., with the exception of pipelines of combustible and explosive mixtures, sewerage, central heating and domestic water supply located outside the building in which the equipment of the communication enterprise or the PV station is located).
(Introduced additionally, Change .
No. 2).
1.5. The design of artificial ground electrodes or various circuits of the grounding device, the brand and cross section of the connecting conductors from the grounding device to the ground shield, the list of equipment, equipment and protection elements connected to the grounding device, the methods of connecting wires and their number, the method for measuring the resistance of grounding devices and soil resistivity set in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
(Changed edition, Rev. .
No. 2).
1.6. The distance between individual non-insulated parts of different grounding devices (between working, protective, measuring, etc.) in the area before entering the building should not be less than 20 m.
1.7. The resistance of the measuring grounding device should not be more than 100 Ohm in soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm m and 200 Ohm in soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm m.
1.8.
The resistance of linear-protective grounding devices for communication lines and wire broadcasting in areas of dangerous influence of power lines, electrified railways, as well as under the influence of radio stations and impulse effects (excluding lightning discharges), determined by calculation in accordance with the requirements of the NTD, should not exceed the values established by this standard.
(Changed edition, Rev. .
No. 2).
1.9. During the operation of grounding devices, their resistances should be checked at intervals:
twice a year - in summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) and in winter (during the period of the greatest freezing of the soil) - at intercity, urban and rural telephone stations, telegraph stations, telegraph broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points;
once a year - in the summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) - at radio relay stations, at stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes;
once a year - before the beginning of the thunderstorm period (April - May) - in unattended amplification points (NUP) and regeneration points (RP) of long-distance, urban and rural communications; for containers of equipment of transmission systems (IKM-30, etc.);
once a year - before the start of the thunderstorm period - on cable and overhead communication lines and radio broadcasting networks, at cable poles and poles on which protective equipment is installed, at subscriber stations of telephone and radio broadcast networks, at step-down transformers of payphone booths;
at least once a year (before the beginning of the thunderstorm period) - for antennas of collective television reception systems.
2. STANDARDS OF RESISTANCE
2.1. Resistance standards of grounding devices for intercity telephone exchanges and terminal points of selective railway communication
2.1.1. Intercity telephone exchanges (MTS), end points of selective railway communication, linear equipment shops (LATS) and intermediate amplifying points with power supply installations must be equipped with a protective or working-protective grounding device and two measuring grounding devices. When equipping a working and protective grounding device in accordance with clause 1.3, one measuring grounding device is arranged, which must be connected in parallel with the protective grounding device.
In working condition, the measuring grounding devices must be connected on the grounding shield in parallel with the protective or working-protective grounding devices.
2.1.2. The resistance of protective grounding devices of MTS, linear equipment shops and intermediate amplifying points, as well as terminal points of selective railway communication with power supply installations that do not use earth as a current conductor in the circuits of connecting lines or remote power supply of unattended amplifying and regeneration points according to the "wire- earth", should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause 1.4.
2.1.3. The resistance of protective grounding devices of intermediate points that do not have power supply installations should be no more than 10 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm m and no more than 30 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm m.
2.1.4. The resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices of MTS using earth as one of the wires of connecting lines of any type (custom, service from MTS and ATS, transit service lines, etc.), or in remote power supply circuits (DP) should not exceed the values specified in Table 1, and the working and protective grounding devices must also comply with the requirements of clause 1.4.
Table 1
Number of circuits in connecting lines, including DP "wire-to-ground" circuits | 51 to 200 | From 201 to 500 | From 501 to 1000 | ||
Resistance of a working or working-protective grounding device, Ohm, no more |
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2)
2.1.5. Resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices of linear hardware shops, strong points; serviced amplifying points supplying remotely unserved or regenerating points according to the "wire - ground" scheme should be determined based on the voltage drop on the grounding device from a remote supply current of not more than 12 V. However, the resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices should not be more than the values specified in clause 1.4.
2.1.6. Served amplifying points of submarine cable lines that remotely feed underwater amplifiers according to the "wire-to-ground" scheme must be equipped with two separate working grounding devices (main and backup), which must be connected on the ground shield in working order. The resistance of the main working grounding device should be no more than 5 ohms and the reserve - no more than 10 ohms.
2.2. Resistance standards of grounding devices for unattended amplifying points of long-distance communication and intermediate points of selective railway communication
2.2.1. Unattended amplifying points (NUP), powered remotely according to the "wire-ground" scheme, in which the remote power circuit ends, must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - working, protective and linear-protective.
As a protective grounding device, it is allowed to use magnesium protectors used to protect metal tanks of LLP from soil corrosion.
In cases where it is not required to protect LLP metal tanks from soil corrosion, as well as when using non-metallic hulls, LLP must be equipped with a working and combined protective grounding device.
2.2.2. Unattended amplifying points (NUP) and regeneration points (RP), fed remotely according to the "wire-wire" scheme, as well as NUP, fed according to the "wire-to-ground" scheme, in which the remote power circuit does not end, must be equipped with two separate grounding devices - protective and linear-protective.
As grounding conductors for a protective grounding device, it is allowed to use magnesium protectors used to protect metal tanks of LNP or RP from soil corrosion.
In cases where it is not required to protect metal LLP or RP tanks from corrosion, as well as when non-metallic LNP or RP tanks are used, a combined protective grounding device must be equipped.
2.2.3. The resistance of the working grounding device for NUP powered by the "wire-ground" scheme should be no more than 10 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm m and no more than 30 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm m. In this case, the voltage drop from remote supply currents on the resistance of the grounding device should be no more than 12 V for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm m and no more than 36 V for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm m.
2.2.4. The resistance of protective grounding devices for NUP or RP fed according to the "wire-ground" and "wire-wire" schemes should be no more than 10 Ohm for soils with a specific resistance of up to 100 Ohm m and no more than 30 Ohm - for soils with a specific with a resistance of more than 100 ohm m.
2.2.5. The resistance of line-protective grounding devices for cable sheaths, equipped at NUP or RP, when protecting cables from lightning strikes, should not exceed, Ohm:
10 - for soils with resistivity up to 100 Ohm m inclusive;
20 - for soils with specific resistance of St. 100 to 500 Ohm m incl.;
30 - for soils with specific resistance of St. 500 to 1000 Ohm m incl.;
50 - for soils with specific resistance of St. 1000 ohm.m.
(Changed edition, Rev. .
No. 2).
2.2.6. Intermediate points of selective railway communication must be equipped with one protective grounding device, the resistance of which must not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 2.
table 2
Protective ground resistance, Ohm, not more than with the number of circuits introduced into the station |
|||||||
up to 5 incl. | |||||||
2.3. Resistance standards for grounding devices for telegraph stations and telegraph broadcasting terminals and subscriber points
2.3.1. Telegraph stations, broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points operating on two-wire circuits, located in a separate building (not combined with MTS, ATS and other enterprises) and not using the "ground" as a wire of an electrical circuit, must be equipped with a protective and two measuring grounding devices. In working condition, all grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding plate. Telegraph stations, broadcasting terminals and subscriber points combined with other enterprises (MTS, ATS) must include ground wires to a common protective grounding device.
For telegraph stations, where up to five telegraph sets are installed, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
2.3.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device of telegraph stations with power supply installations should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause 1.4.
Broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points that do not have power supply installations must be equipped with a protective grounding device with a resistance of not more than 10 ohms with a specific soil resistance of up to 100 ohm m and 20 ohm for soils with a specific resistance of more than 100 ohm m.
2.3.3. Telegraph stations and telegraph broadcasting points operating on single-wire circuits must be equipped with a working-protective and two measuring grounding devices. For telegraph stations, where up to five telegraph sets are installed, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
The resistance of the working-protective grounding device, depending on the number of single-wire telegraph circuits introduced into the station (see GOST 5238, drawings 26-31), should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 3.
Table 3
Number of telegraph single-wire | Up to 5 incl. | From 6 to 10 incl. | From 11 to 20 incl. | 21 to 50 | |
2.4. Resistance standards for grounding devices for city telephone exchanges and local railway stations
2.4.1. Telephone exchanges with a central battery (automatic exchanges and manual - PTS) must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - protective or working-protective and two measuring.
In working condition, all three grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding shield and are disconnected only to measure the resistance of the protective or working-protective grounding device.
2.4.2. Telephone exchanges that have connecting lines and do not use earth as a current conductor (for example, connecting lines equipped with inductive sets of the RSL type) should be equipped with protective grounding devices (clause 1.2), the resistance of which should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in. clause 1.4.
Telephone exchanges that do not have supply transformer substations powered by 380/220/127 V electrical networks must be equipped with a protective grounding device with a resistance not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 4.
Table 4
Soil resistivity, Ohm m | Resistance of the protective grounding device, Ohm, not more than with the number of connecting circuits introduced into the station |
||||||
up to 5 incl. | |||||||
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.4.3. Telephone exchanges with connecting lines using earth as current conductors (according to clause 1.3) must be equipped with working and protective grounding devices, the resistance of which should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 5.
Table 5
Total Trunks | Up to 25 incl. | From 26 | From 51 | From 101 | 201 to 500 | From 501 | St. |
Resistance of the working and protective grounding device, Ohm, no more |
Note. In cases where at the station the connecting lines are equipped with inductive and battery (using earth as a current conductor) sets of the RSL type, the value of the resistance of the working and protective grounding is selected depending on the number of battery (polar) sets of the RSL type.
2.4.4. Unattended amplifying and regenerating stations fed remotely according to the "wire-wire" and "wire-ground" schemes must be equipped with one protective grounding device, the resistance value of which must correspond to that given in clause 2.2.4.
2.4.5. The resistance of the protective or working-protective grounding device of electronic telephone exchanges must be no more than 4 ohms, and also comply with the requirements of clauses 2.4.2 and 2.4.3.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. N 2).
2.5. Resistance standards for grounding devices of rural telephone exchanges (STS)
2.5.1. Rural telephone exchanges with a central battery (RTS and ATS) must be equipped with three separate grounding devices in accordance with paragraphs 2.4.1-2.4.3.
2.5.2. It is allowed to equip telephone exchanges with a capacity of up to 3000 numbers with one protective or working-protective grounding device, and temporary grounding devices can be used as measuring grounding devices.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.5.3. For compaction equipment of rural exchanges and RTSs, in the case of using the power supply system of the NUP "wire-wire", one combined protective grounding device should be used. At the same time, unattended amplifying points must be equipped with protective grounding devices with a resistance not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clauses 2.1.2 and 2.1.3.
2.5.4. Unattended amplifying points fed remotely according to the "wire-ground" scheme should be equipped with two separate grounding devices: working and line-protective. The resistance of working and linear protective grounding devices should not exceed the values specified in clauses 2.2.3 and 2.2.5.
2.6. Ground resistance standards for telephone exchanges with a local battery (MB)
2.6.1. Telephone exchanges of the MB system operating on two-wire circuits must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - protective and two measuring. In working order, these three earthing devices must be connected in parallel at the earthing plate. With a station capacity of up to 200 numbers, it is allowed not to equip stationary measuring grounding devices, and when measuring a protective grounding device, use temporary grounding devices.
2.6.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device of MB stations operating in two-wire circuits should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 2.
2.7. Resistance standards for grounding devices for stations and PV
2.7.1. Stations and PV should be equipped with one protective or working-protective grounding device. For control measurements of the resistance of the protective and working-protective grounding device, it is allowed to equip two stationary measuring grounds or use temporary grounding devices.
2.7.2. The resistance of a protective or working-protective grounding device for PV stations should be no more than 10 ohms.
2.7-2.7.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.7.3. PV stations and transformer substations feeding them, geographically close to one another (clause 1.4), should be equipped with a common protective or working-protective grounding device with a resistance of not more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause 1.4.
(Introduced additionally, Rev. N 2).
2.8. Resistance standards of grounding devices for combined installations of wire communication and PV
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.8.1. Fixed installations of wire communication for various purposes located in one or nearby buildings and powered by one transformer substation: long-distance, urban, railway selective communications and others, as well as stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes, should be equipped with one common protective or working protective grounding device. In this case, the resistance of the connecting wires from the grounding device should be taken into account.
2.8.2. The resistance value of the common earthing device must comply with the regulations for each connected installation.
2.8.3. It is not allowed to combine a common protective grounding device with a working one in unattended amplifying points fed remotely with direct current.
2.9. Resistance standards for protective grounding devices for long-distance communication lines
2.9.1. Grounding device resistance values for:
spark gaps of cascade protection types IR-7, IR-10, IR-15 and IR-20;
spark gaps IR-0.2 or IR-0.3 - when they are installed on supports adjacent to the cable support or station;
spark gaps installed on the wires of overhead lines to protect underground communication cables from lightning strikes;
lightning rods installed on the supports of overhead lines;
rope and metal sheaths of cables suspended on overhead line supports should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 6.
Table 6
Soil resistivity, Ohm m | Up to 100 | St. 100 to | St. 300 to | St. 500 to | |
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.9.2. The resistance of protective grounding devices for input, cable and other supports of long-distance communication lines and selective railway communication, on which, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 5238, it is required to include spark gaps of types IR-0.2 and IR-0.3 or gas-filled arresters, must not be more than the values indicated in table.7.
Table 7
Soil resistivity, Ohm m | Up to 100 | St. 100 to 300 incl. | St. 300 to 500 incl. | St. 500 to 1000 inclusive | |
Grounding device resistance, Ohm, no more |
2.9.3. The resistance of protective grounding devices for arresters of the IR-0.3 type, included to protect locking coils in the third circuits (see GOST 5238, drawing 9), should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 6.
2.9.4. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for metal cable sheaths, protective wires (cables) or tires laid in the ground when protecting the cable from lightning strikes should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 8.
Table 8
Soil resistivity, Ohm m | Up to 100 incl. | St. 100 to 300 incl. | St. 300 to 500 incl. | St. 500 to 1000 inclusive | |
Linear protective grounding device resistance, Ohm, no more |
Note. The number of linear protective grounding devices, their placement on cable lines and the method of connecting metal sheaths, cables and cable screens are established in the regulatory and technical documentation.
2.10. Resistance standards for protective grounding devices for urban and rural telephone networks and local railway networks
2.10.1. Resistance of grounding devices for spark gaps of types IR-0.2; IR-0.3; IR-7; IR-10 and IR-15, connected according to the schemes of drawing 19, 22-24 GOST 5238, should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 6.
2.10.2. Resistance of grounding devices for gas-filled arresters of types R-84 and R-35, installed in cable boxes at the junctions of wires of overhead lines of GTS, STS and railway communication networks with cable lines (see.
St. 300 to 500 incl.
Resistance of grounding devices, Ohm, no more
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.10.3. The resistance of grounding devices for subscriber stations (see GOST 5238, drawings 16, 17, 21), for step-down transformers of payphone booths and lightning rods installed on overhead line supports, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 10.
Table 10
Soil resistivity, Ohm m | Up to 100 incl. | St. 100 to 300 incl. | St. 300 to 500 incl. | St. 500 to 1000 inclusive | |
Grounding device resistance, Ohm, no more |
2.10.4. The resistance of grounding devices for the metal sheath of the cable, the screen of the cable with non-metallic sheaths when they are suspended on the supports of pole and rack lines, the rope used for hanging cables, as well as for the case of telephone distribution cabinets of the ShR or ShRP type, in which the cables are included, must not be more than the values indicated in table.6.
2.10.5. The resistance of line-protective grounding devices for protection against lightning strikes of GTS and STS cables laid in the ground, as well as for the case of telephone distribution cabinets of the ShR and ShRP types, which include cables, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 8.
2.11. Resistance standards of protective grounding devices on PV lines
2.10.4, 2.10.5, 2.11. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.11.1. Resistance of linear protective grounding devices for spark gaps of types IR-0.5 and IR-7.0 (see GOST 14857, drawings 1, 2), as well as for arresters of types IR-0.3 and IR-7.0 (see GOST 14857, drawings 3, 5, 6) should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in table 6.
2.11.2. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for grounding the metal sheath and screen of cables laid in cable ducts and collectors (at the beginning and at the end of the cable) should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 8.
2.11.3. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for lightning rods installed on the poles of overhead power lines should not exceed the values indicated in Table 10.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.12. Resistance standards for grounding devices for radio relay stations
2.12.1. Radio relay stations, including those with compaction equipment, must be equipped with one protective grounding device. To control the resistance of the protective grounding device, it is allowed to equip two stationary measuring grounding devices or use temporary grounding devices. In working condition, protective and measuring stationary grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding board.
2.12.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device must not exceed the values specified in clause 1.4.
2.13. Resistance standards of grounding devices for antennas of the collective television reception system
2.13.1. To protect the SCPT antennas from dangerous voltages and currents arising from lightning discharges, a protective grounding device must be equipped. To control the resistance of the protective grounding device, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
2.13.2. It is allowed to connect lightning rods from two or more SKPT antennas located on the same building to one grounding device.
2.13.3. The design of the grounding device, as well as the lightning rod connecting the SKPT antenna to the grounding device, and the method of their connection are established in the regulatory and technical documentation.
2.13.4. The resistance of the grounding device for SKPT antennas should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 6.
2.13.5. If there is a grounding device for the building on which the SKPT antennas are located (when protecting buildings from lightning strikes or for protecting telephone communication and broadcasting equipment), it is allowed to connect lightning rods from the SKPT antennas to the existing grounding device. The resistance of the grounding device should not exceed the values specified in Table 6.
APPENDIX (reference). TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD AND THEIR DEFINITIONS
APPENDIX
Reference
Term | Definition |
Grounding for wired communication installations, radio relay stations, PV broadcasting nodes, etc. | Intentional electrical connection of equipment or apparatus of an enterprise with a grounding device |
grounding conductor | A metal conductor or a group of conductors of any shape (pipe, angle, wire, etc.) in direct contact with the ground (soil) |
Ground conductor | Metal conductor connecting equipment or equipment to be grounded with a grounding conductor |
Grounding device | Set of ground electrode and ground conductors |
Grounding device resistance or current flow resistance | The total electrical resistance of the grounding conductors and the grounding conductor relative to the ground, expressed in ohms. The resistance of the earth electrode relative to the earth is defined as the ratio of the voltage of the earth electrode relative to the earth to the current passing through the earth electrode to the ground |
Soil resistivity | Electrical resistance, rendered by a soil with a volume of 1 m when the current passes from one rpan of the soil to the opposite. Soil resistivity, denoted by and expressed in ohms per meter, should be measured taking into account seasonal fluctuations, taking the most unfavorable value as the calculated value |
Working grounding device | A device designed to connect wired communication equipment and radio engineering devices (PV substations, radio relay stations) to the ground in order to use the earth as one of the wires of the electrical circuit |
Protective earthing device | A device designed to connect to the ground the neutral wires of the windings of power transformer substations, lightning rods, arresters, screens of equipment and wires for in-station installation, metal sheaths and armored covers of cables, metal tanks, unattended amplifying points (NUP), metal parts of power equipment of wire communication installations and stations PV, pressurized cable containment installations and other equipment that are not normally energized, but may become energized if the insulation of current-carrying wires is damaged. Protective grounding devices provide equalization of the potential of the metal parts of the equipment with the ground potential and thus protect the operating personnel and equipment from the occurrence of a dangerous potential difference with respect to the ground. |
Linear protective grounding | A device that provides grounding of metal cable sheaths and armored covers along the cable route and at stations (NUP) where cable lines are suitable, as well as on overhead lines for grounding lightning rods, cables and metal cable sheaths, etc. In some cases, it is allowed to combine protective and line-protective grounding devices. Such a grounding device is called a combined protective |
Measuring ground | Auxiliary device designed for control measurements of the resistance of the working, protective and working-protective grounding devices. The resistance of the working and protective grounding devices should be measured, as a rule, from the grounding shield at the station, including the grounding conductor towards the grounding conductor. The resistance of grounding devices on overhead and cable lines is measured directly on the line |
Working and protective grounding device | A device that simultaneously serves as a working and protective grounding device. The resistance of the working and protective grounding device must be no more than the smallest value provided for the working and protective grounding devices. |
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Moscow: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2002
GOST 464-79. Grounding for fixed installations of wire communication, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes of wire broadcasting and antennas of collective television reception systems. Resistance rates (with Changes N 1, 2)
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GOST 464-79 Grounding for fixed installations of wire communication, radio relay stations, wire broadcasting radio stations and antennas of collective television reception systems. Resistance standards.
GROUNDINGS FOR STATIONARY
WIRED COMMUNICATION INSTALLATIONS,
RADIO RELAY STATIONS,
RADIO BROADCAST NODES
WIRED BROADCASTING AND ANTENNAS
COLLECTIVE RECEPTION SYSTEMS
TV
STANDARDS OF RESISTANCE
GOST 464-79
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Introduction date 01.01.80
This standard applies to station and linear structures of wired communication installations, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes of wire broadcasting (PV), selective railway communication installations and antennas of collective television reception systems (SKPT), for which stationary grounding devices are equipped, and establish the resistance standards of grounding devices that ensure the normal operation of the structures and installations listed above, as well as the safety of the operating personnel.
The standard does not apply to grounding devices that are provided in special-purpose equipment.
The terms used in this standard and their definitions are given in the appendix.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The following must be connected to the working-protective or protective grounding device using grounding wires in the shortest possible way:
one of the poles of the power supply installation;
the neutral of transformers, the output of a single-phase current source of a transformer substation or its own power plant supplying equipment of communication enterprises, a radio relay station or a PV station;
metal parts of power, static and switching equipment;
metal reference equipotential surface of electronic telephone exchanges;
metal pipelines for water supply and central heating and other metal structures inside the building;
screens of equipment and cables;
metal sheaths of cables, elements of protection circuits, lightning rods;
SKPT antennas subject to lightning protection in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation (hereinafter RTD).
The number of ground wires and the procedure for connecting equipment and equipment to them are established in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.2. At communications enterprises, a protective grounding device should be equipped if there are no connecting lines and remote power supply circuits for equipment that use the ground as an electrical circuit wire.
Requirements for protective grounding and zeroing - in accordance with GOST 12.1.030.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
1.3. At communication enterprises, one working and protective grounding device should be equipped if the "minus" of the remote power source is grounded (in this case, the remote power circuits can be connected according to the "wire-ground" scheme) or the "plus" of the current source is grounded, but there are no remote power supply circuits. power supply according to the "wire-to-ground" scheme. In this case, the connecting lines can use the "ground" as the wire of the electrical circuit. The circuit of the working-protective grounding device, in the presence of remote power supply circuits, must have two independent inputs to the building (up to the ground shield).
Enterprises should equip separate working and protective grounding devices if there are remote power circuits according to the “wire-to-ground” scheme with “plus” grounding of the current source.
1.4. The neutral of the transformers, the output of the single-phase current source of the transformer substation or its own power plant that supplies the equipment of communication enterprises, a radio relay station or a PV station, must be connected to a protective or working-protective grounding device. In this case, the grounding device for the above enterprise and for the transformer substation must be common if the distance between the enterprise and the transformer substation is less than 100 m.
The resistance of the common grounding device must comply with the grounding device resistance standards for each connected installation.
The resistance of the grounding device to which the neutrals of generators or transformers or the output of a single-phase current source are connected, with a specific soil resistance of up to 100 Ohm m, should not be more than, Ohm:
2 - installations with a voltage of 660/380 V;
4 - installations with a voltage of 380/220 V;
8 - installations with voltage 220/127 V.
When the specific soil resistance r is more than 100 Ohm m, it is allowed to increase the resistance value of the grounding device by r / 100 times, but not more than ten times, and also not more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. Table 1-Table 3, Table 5 and in paragraphs. Clause 2.1.5, Clause 2.4.5, Clause 2.7.2.
1.3, 1.4. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.4a. The resistance of a protective or working-protective grounding device must be ensured taking into account the use of natural grounding conductors (metal pipes laid underground, metal structures, reinforcement of buildings and their concrete foundations, etc., with the exception of pipelines of combustible and explosive mixtures, sewerage, central heating and domestic water supply located outside the building in which the equipment of the communication enterprise or the PV station is located).
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).
1.5. The design of artificial ground electrodes or various circuits of the grounding device, the brand and cross section of the connecting conductors from the grounding device to the ground shield, the list of equipment, equipment and protection elements connected to the grounding device, the methods of connecting wires and their number, the method for measuring the resistance of grounding devices and soil resistivity set in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.6. The distance between individual non-insulated parts of different grounding devices (between working, protective, measuring, etc.) in the area before entering the building should not be less than 20 m.
1.7. The resistance of the measuring grounding device should not be more than 100 Ohm in soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm m and 200 Ohm in soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm m.
1.8. The resistance of linear-protective grounding devices for communication lines and wire hanging in areas of dangerous influence of power lines, electrified railways, as well as under the influence of radio stations and impulse effects (excluding lightning discharges), determined by calculation in accordance with the requirements of the NTD, should not exceed the values established by this standard.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.9. During the operation of grounding devices, their resistances should be checked at intervals:
twice a year - in summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) and in winter (during the period of the greatest freezing of the soil) - at intercity, urban and rural telephone stations, telegraph stations, telegraph broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points;
once a year - in the summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) - at radio relay stations, at stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes;
once a year - before the beginning of the thunderstorm period (April - May) - in unattended amplification points (NUP) and regeneration points (RP) of long-distance, urban and rural communications; for containers of equipment of transmission systems (IKM-30, etc.);
once a year - before the start of the thunderstorm period - on cable and overhead communication lines and radio broadcasting networks, at cable poles and poles on which protective equipment is installed, at subscriber stations of telephone and radio broadcast networks, at step-down transformers of payphone booths;
at least once a year (before the beginning of the thunderstorm period) - for antennas of collective television reception systems.
Continue to Norms of Resistance. Norms of resistance of grounding devices for intercity telephone exchanges and terminal points of selective railway communication. Resistance standards of grounding devices for unattended amplifying points of long-distance communication and intermediate points of selective railway communication. Norms of resistance of grounding devices for telegraph stations and telegraph broadcasting terminals and subscriber points. Resistance standards for grounding devices for city telephone exchanges and local railway stations
STATE STANDARD
UNION SSR
GROUNDING FOR FIXED WIRED COMMUNICATION INSTALLATIONS, RADIO RELAY STATIONS, RADIO BROADCASTING NODES OF WIRED BROADCASTING AND ANTENNAS OF COLLECTIVE TELEVISION RECEPTION SYSTEMS
NORMS OF RESISTANCE GOST 464-79
Official edition
IPK PUBLISHING STANDARDS Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
GROUNDINGS FOR FINISHED INSTALLATIONS
WIRED COMMUNICATIONS, RADIO RELAY STATIONS,
RADIO BROADCASTING NODES OF WIRED BROADCASTING AND ANTENNAS OF COLLECTIVE TELEVISION RECEPTION SYSTEMS
Resistance rates
Rounds for stationary telegraph and telephone installations, wire-broadcasting distribution points, radio-relay stations and CATV antennas. Resistance norms OKSTU 6602_
Introduction date 01.01.80
This standard applies to station and linear structures of wired communication installations, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes of wire broadcasting (PV), selective railway communication installations and antennas of collective television reception systems (SKPT), for which stationary grounding devices are equipped, and establish the resistance standards of grounding devices that ensure the normal operation of the structures and installations listed above, as well as the safety of the operating personnel.
The standard does not apply to grounding devices that are provided in special-purpose equipment.
The terms used in this International Standard and their definitions are given in the annex.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The following must be connected to the working-protective or protective grounding device using grounding wires in the shortest possible way:
one of the poles of the power supply installation;
the neutral of transformers, the output of a single-phase current source of a transformer substation or its own power plant supplying equipment of communication enterprises, a radio relay station or a PV station;
metal parts of power, static and switching equipment;
metal reference equipotential surface of electronic telephone exchanges;
metal pipelines for water supply and central heating and other metal structures inside the building;
screens of equipment and cables;
metal sheaths of cables, elements of protection circuits, lightning rods;
SKPT antennas subject to lightning protection in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation (hereinafter referred to as NTD).
The number of ground wires and the procedure for connecting equipment and equipment to them are established in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.2. At communications enterprises, a protective grounding device should be equipped if there are no connecting lines and remote power supply circuits for equipment that use the ground as an electrical circuit wire.
Requirements for protective grounding and zeroing - in accordance with GOST 12.1.030.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
Official publication Reprint prohibited
© Standards Publishing House, 1979 © IPK Standards Publishing House, 1998 Reissued with Amendments
1.3. At communication enterprises, one working and protective grounding device should be equipped if the "minus" of the remote power source is grounded (in this case, the remote power circuits can be connected according to the "wire-ground" scheme) or the "plus" of the current source is grounded, but there are no remote power supply circuits. power supply according to the "wire-to-ground" scheme. In this case, the connecting lines can use the "ground" as the wire of the electrical circuit. The circuit of the working-protective grounding device, in the presence of remote power supply circuits, must have two independent inputs to the building (up to the ground shield).
Enterprises should equip separate working and protective grounding devices if there are remote power circuits according to the “wire-to-ground” scheme with “plus” grounding of the current source.
1.4. The neutral of the transformers, the output of the single-phase current source of the transformer substation or its own power plant that supplies the equipment of communication enterprises, a radio relay station or a PV station, must be connected to a protective or working-protective grounding device. In this case, the grounding device for the above enterprise and for the transformer substation must be common if the distance between the enterprise and the transformer substation is less than 100 m.
The resistance of the common grounding device must comply with the grounding device resistance standards for each connected installation.
The resistance of the grounding device to which the neutrals of generators or transformers or the output of a single-phase current source are connected, with a specific soil resistance of up to 100 Ohm m, should not be more than, Ohm:
2 - installations with a voltage of 660/380 V;
4 - installations with a voltage of 380/220 V;
8 - installations with voltage 220/127 V.
With a specific soil resistance p of more than 100 Ohm m, it is allowed to increase the resistance value of the grounding device by p / 100 times, but not more than ten times, and also not more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 1-3, 5 and in paragraphs. 2.1.5, 2.4.5, 2.7.2.
1.3, 1.4. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.4a. The resistance of a protective or working-protective grounding device must be ensured taking into account the use of natural grounding conductors (metal pipes laid underground, metal structures, reinforcement of buildings and their concrete foundations, etc., with the exception of pipelines of combustible and explosive mixtures, sewerage, central heating and domestic water supply located outside the building in which the equipment of the communication enterprise or the PV station is located).
1.5. The design of artificial ground electrodes or various circuits of the grounding device, the brand and cross section of the connecting conductors from the grounding device to the ground shield, the list of equipment, equipment and protection elements connected to the grounding device, the methods of connecting wires and their number, the method for measuring the resistance of grounding devices and soil resistivity set in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.6. The distance between individual non-insulated parts of different grounding devices (between working, protective, measuring, etc.) in the area before entering the building should not be less than 20 m.
1.7. The resistance of the measuring grounding device should not be more than 100 Ohm in soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm m and 200 Ohm in soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm m.
1.8. The resistance of linear-protective grounding devices for communication lines and wire broadcasting in areas of dangerous influence of power lines, electrified railways, as well as under the influence of radio stations and impulse effects (excluding lightning discharges), determined by calculation in accordance with the requirements of the NTD, should not exceed the values established by this standard.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.9. During the operation of grounding devices, their resistances should be checked at intervals:
twice a year - in summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) and in winter (during the period of the greatest
soil freezing) - at intercity, urban and rural telephone exchanges, telegraph stations, telegraph broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points;
once a year - in the summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) - at radio relay stations, at stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes;
once a year - before the beginning of the thunderstorm period (April - May) - in unattended amplification points (NUP) and regeneration points (RP) of long-distance, urban and rural communications; for containers of equipment of transmission systems (IKM-30, etc.);
once a year - before the start of the thunderstorm period - on cable and overhead communication lines and radio broadcasting networks, at cable poles and poles on which protective equipment is installed, at subscriber stations of telephone and radio broadcast networks, at step-down transformers of payphone booths;
at least once a year (before the beginning of the thunderstorm period) - for antennas of collective television reception systems.
2. STANDARDS OF RESISTANCE
2.1. Resistance standards of grounding devices for intercity telephone exchanges and terminal points of selective railway communication
2.1.1. Intercity telephone exchanges (MTS), end points of selective railway communication, linear equipment shops (LATS) and intermediate amplifying points with power supply installations must be equipped with a protective or working-protective grounding device and two measuring grounding devices. When equipping a working and protective grounding device in accordance with clause 1.3, one measuring grounding device is arranged, which must be connected in parallel to the protective grounding device.
In working condition, the measuring grounding devices must be connected on the grounding shield in parallel with the protective or working-protective grounding devices.
2.1.2. The resistance of protective grounding devices of MTS, linear equipment shops and intermediate amplifying points, as well as terminal points of selective railway communication with power supply installations that do not use earth as a current conductor in the circuits of connecting lines or remote power supply of unattended amplifying and regeneration points according to the “wire- earth”, should be no more than the values specified in paragraph 1.4.
2.1.3. The resistance of protective grounding devices of intermediate points that do not have power supply installations should be no more than 10 ohms for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 ohm m and no more than 30 ohms for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 ohm m.
2.1.4. The resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices of MTS using earth as one of the wires of connecting lines of any type (custom, service from MTS and ATS, transit service lines, etc.), or in remote power supply circuits (DP) should not exceed the values indicated in the table. 1, and working and protective grounding devices must also comply with the requirements of clause 1.4.
Table 1
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.1.5. Resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices of linear hardware shops, strong points; serviced amplifying points that supply remotely unserved or regeneration points according to the “wire-to-ground” scheme should be determined based on the voltage drop on the grounding device from a remote supply current of not more than 12 V. However, the resistance of working or working-protective grounding devices should not be more than the values specified in clause 1.4.
2.1.6. Serviced amplifying points of submarine cable lines feeding remote
Only underwater amplifiers according to the “wire-to-ground” scheme must be equipped with two separate working grounding devices (main and backup), which must be connected at the grounding shield in working condition. The resistance of the main working grounding device should be no more than 5 ohms and the reserve - no more than 10 ohms.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).
2.2. Resistance standards of grounding devices for unattended amplifying points of long-distance communication and intermediate points of selective railway communication
2.2.1. Unattended amplifying points (NUP), powered remotely according to the "wire-ground" scheme, in which the remote power supply circuit ends, must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - working, protective and linear-protective.
As a protective grounding device, it is allowed to use magnesium protectors used to protect metal tanks of LLP from soil corrosion.
In cases where it is not required to protect LLP metal tanks from soil corrosion, as well as when using non-metallic hulls, LLP must be equipped with a working and combined protective grounding device.
2.2.2. Unattended amplifying points (NUP) and regeneration points (RP) powered remotely according to the “wire-wire” scheme, as well as NUP fed according to the “wire-to-ground” scheme, in which the remote power circuit does not end, must be equipped with two separate grounding devices - protective and linear-protective.
As grounding conductors for a protective grounding device, it is allowed to use magnesium protectors used to protect metal tanks of LNP or RP from soil corrosion.
In cases where it is not required to protect metal LLP or RP tanks from corrosion, as well as when non-metallic LNP or RP tanks are used, a combined protective grounding device must be equipped.
2.2.3. The resistance of the working grounding device for NUP, fed according to the "wire-ground" scheme, should be no more than 10 Ohm for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 Ohm m and no more than 30 Ohm - for soils with a resistivity of more than 100 Ohm m. voltage from remote supply currents on the resistance of the grounding device should be no more than 12 V for soils with a resistivity of up to 100 ohm m and no more than 36 V for soils with a specific resistance of more than 100 ohm m.
2.2.4. The resistance of protective grounding devices for NUP or RP fed according to the "wire-ground" and "wire-wire" schemes should be no more than 10 Ohm for soils with a resistivity up to 100 Ohm m and no more than 30 Ohm - for soils with resistivity more than 100 Ohm m.
2.2.5. The resistance of line-protective grounding devices for cable sheaths, equipped at NUP or RP, when protecting cables from lightning strikes, should not exceed, Ohm:
10 - for soils with resistivity up to 100 Ohm m inclusive;
20 - for soils with specific resistance of St. 100 to 500 Ohm m incl.;
30 - for soils with specific resistance of St. 500 to 1000 Ohm m incl.;
50 - for soils with specific resistance of St. 1000 ohm m.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.2.6. Intermediate points of selective railway communication must be equipped with one protective grounding device, the resistance of which must not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 2.
table 2
2.3. Resistance standards for grounding devices for telegraph stations and telegraph broadcasting terminals and subscriber points
2.3.1. Telegraph stations, broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points operating on two-wire circuits, located in a separate building (not combined with MTS, ATS and other enterprises) and not using the "ground" as a wire of an electrical circuit, must be equipped with a protective and two measuring grounding devices. In working condition, all grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding plate. Telegraph stations, broadcasting terminals and subscriber points combined with other enterprises (MTS, ATS) must include ground wires to a common protective grounding device.
For telegraph stations, where up to five telegraph sets are installed, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
2.3.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device of telegraph stations with power supply installations should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause 1.4.
Broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points that do not have power supply installations must be equipped with a protective grounding device with a resistance of not more than 10 ohms with a soil resistivity of up to 100 ohm m and 20 ohm for soils with a specific resistance of more than 100 ohm m.
2.3.3. Telegraph stations and telegraph broadcasting points operating on single-wire circuits must be equipped with a working-protective and two measuring grounding devices. For telegraph stations, where up to five telegraph sets are installed, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
The resistance of the working-protective grounding device, depending on the number of single-wire telegraph circuits introduced into the station (see GOST 5238, drawings 26-31), should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 3.
Table 3
2.4. Resistance standards for grounding devices for city telephone exchanges and local railway stations
2.4.1. Telephone exchanges with a central battery (automatic exchanges and manual -RTS) must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - protective or working-protective and two measuring.
In working condition, all three grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding shield and are disconnected only to measure the resistance of the protective or working-protective grounding device.
2.4.2. Telephone exchanges that have connecting lines and do not use earth as a current conductor (for example, connecting lines equipped with inductive sets of the RSL type) should be equipped with protective grounding devices (clause 1.2), the resistance of which should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause 1.4 .
Telephone exchanges that do not have supply transformer substations powered by 380/220/127 V electrical networks must be equipped with a protective grounding device with a resistance not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. four.
Table 4
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.4.3. Telephone exchanges with connecting lines using earth as current conductors (according to clause 1.3) must be equipped with working and protective grounding devices, the resistance of which must not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 5.
Table 5
Note. In cases where at the station the connecting lines are equipped with inductive and battery (using earth as a current conductor) sets of the RSL type, the value of the resistance of the working protective earth is selected depending on the number of battery (polar) sets of the RSL type.
2.4.4. Unattended amplifying and regenerating points, fed remotely according to the “wire-wire” and “wire-ground” schemes, must be equipped with one protective grounding device, the resistance value of which must correspond to that given in paragraph 1.
2.4.5. The resistance of the protective or working-protective grounding device of electronic telephone exchanges must be no more than 4 ohms, and also comply with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.4.2 and
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).
2.5. Resistance standards for grounding devices of rural telephone exchanges (STS)
2.5.1. Rural telephone exchanges with a central battery (RTS and ATS) must be equipped with three separate grounding devices in accordance with paragraphs. 2.4.1-2.4.3.
2.5.2. It is allowed to equip telephone exchanges with a capacity of up to 3000 numbers with one protective or working-protective grounding device, and temporary grounding devices can be used as measuring grounding devices.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.5.3. For compaction equipment of rural exchanges and RTSs, in the case of using the power supply system of the NUP "wire-wire", one combined protective grounding device should be used. At the same time, unattended amplifying points must be equipped with protective grounding devices with a resistance not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in paragraphs. 2.1.2 and 2.1.3.
2.5.4. Unattended amplifying points fed remotely according to the "wire-ground" scheme should be equipped with two separate grounding devices: working and linear-protective. The resistance of working and linear protective grounding devices should not exceed the values specified in clauses 2.2.3 and 2.2.5.
2.6. Ground resistance standards for telephone exchanges with a local battery (MB)
2.6.1. Telephone exchanges of the MB system operating on two-wire circuits must be
equipped with three separate grounding devices - protective and two measuring. In working order, these three earthing devices must be connected in parallel at the earthing plate. With a station capacity of up to 200 numbers, it is allowed not to equip stationary measuring grounding devices, and when measuring a protective grounding device, use temporary grounding devices.
2.6.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device of MB stations operating in two-wire circuits should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 2.
2.7. Resistance standards for grounding devices for stations and PV
2.7.1. Stations and PV should be equipped with one protective or working-protective grounding device. For control measurements of the resistance of the protective and working-protective grounding device, it is allowed to equip two stationary measuring grounds or use temporary grounding devices.
2.7.2. The resistance of a protective or working-protective grounding device for PV stations should be no more than 10 ohms.
2.7-2.7.2. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.7.3. PV stations and transformer substations feeding them, geographically close to one another (clause 1.4), should be equipped with a common protective or working-protective grounding device with a resistance of not more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause 1.4.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).
2.8. Resistance standards of grounding devices for combined installations of wire communication and PV
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.8.1. Stationary installations of wire communication for various purposes, located in one or nearby buildings and powered by one transformer substation: long-distance, urban, railway selective communications and others, as well as stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes, should be equipped with one common protective or working protective grounding device . In this case, the resistance of the connecting wires from the grounding device should be taken into account.
2.8.2. The resistance value of the common earthing device must comply with the regulations for each connected installation.
2.8.3. It is not allowed to combine a common protective grounding device with a working one in unattended amplifying points fed remotely with direct current.
2.9. Resistance standards for protective grounding devices for long-distance communication lines
2.9.1. Grounding device resistance values for:
spark gaps of cascade protection types IR-7, IR-10, IR-15 and IR-20;
spark gaps IR-0.2 or IR-0.3 - when they are installed on supports adjacent to the cable support or station;
spark gaps installed on the wires of overhead lines to protect underground communication cables from lightning strikes;
lightning rods installed on the supports of overhead lines;
rope and metal sheaths of cables suspended on overhead line supports should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
Table 6
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.9.2. The resistance of protective grounding devices for input, cable and other supports of long-distance communication lines and selective railway communication, on which, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 5238, it is required to include spark gaps of types IR-0.2 and IR-0.3 or gas-filled arresters, must not be more than the values indicated in the table. 7.
Table 7
2.9.3. The resistance of protective grounding devices for arresters of the IR-0.3 type, included to protect locking coils in the third circuits (see GOST 5238, drawing 9), should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
2.9.4. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for metal cable sheaths, protective wires (cables) or tires laid in the ground when protecting the cable from lightning strikes should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. eight.
Table 8
Note. The number of linear protective grounding devices, their placement on cable lines and the method of connecting metal sheaths, cables and cable screens are set in the regulatory and technical documentation.
2.10. Resistance standards for protective grounding devices for urban and rural telephone networks and local railway networks
2.10.1. Resistance of grounding devices for spark gaps of types IR-0.2; IR-0.3; IR-7; IR-10 and IR-15, attached according to the schemes of features. 19.22-24 GOST 5238 should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
2.10.2. Resistance of grounding devices for gas-filled arresters of R-84 and R-35 types installed in cable boxes at the junctions of wires of overhead lines of GTS, STS and railway communication networks with cable lines (see GOST 5238, drawings 15-17; 21a), a also for installation points of blockers (see GOST 5238, drawing 24), should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 9.
Table 9
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.10.3. The resistance of grounding devices for subscriber stations (see GOST 5238, drawings 16, 17, 21), for step-down transformers of payphone booths and lightning rods installed on overhead line supports, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. ten.
Table 10
2.10.4. The resistance of grounding devices for the metal sheath of the cable, the screen of the cable with non-metallic sheaths when they are suspended on the supports of pole and rack lines, the rope used for hanging cables, as well as for the case of telephone distribution cabinets of the ShR or ShRP type, in which the cables are included, must not be more than the values indicated in the table. 6.
2.10.5. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for protection against lightning strikes of GTS and STS cables laid in the ground, as well as for the case of telephone switchboards of the ShR and ShRP types, which include cables, should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. eight.
2.11. Resistance standards of protective grounding devices on PV lines
2.10.4, 2.10.5, 2.11. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.11.1. Resistance of linear protective grounding devices for spark gaps of types IR-0.5 and IR-7.0 (see GOST 14857, drawings 1, 2), as well as for arresters of types IR-0.3 and IR-7.0 (see GOST 14857, drawings 3, 5, 6) should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in table. 6.
2.11.2. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for grounding the metal sheath and screen of cables laid in cable ducts and collectors (at the beginning and at the end of the cable) should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. eight.
2.11.3. The resistance of linear protective grounding devices for lightning rods installed on the poles of overhead power lines should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. ten.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.12. Resistance standards for grounding devices for radio relay stations
2.12.1. Radio relay stations, including those with compaction equipment, must be equipped with one protective grounding device. To control the resistance of the protective grounding device, it is allowed to equip two stationary measuring grounding devices or use temporary grounding devices. In working condition, protective and measuring stationary grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding board.
2.12.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device must not exceed the values specified in clause 1.4.
2.13. Grounding device resistance standards for
antennas of the collective television reception system
2.13.1. To protect the SCPT antennas from dangerous voltages and currents arising from lightning discharges, a protective grounding device must be equipped. To control the resistance of the protective grounding device, it is allowed to use temporary measuring grounding devices.
2.13.2. It is allowed to connect lightning rods from two or more SKPT antennas located on the same building to one grounding device.
2.13.3. The design of the grounding device, as well as the lightning rod connecting the SKPT antenna to the grounding device, and the method of their connection are established in the regulatory and technical documentation.
2.13.4. The resistance of the grounding device for SKPT antennas should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
2.13.5. If there is a grounding device for the building on which the SKPT antennas are located (when protecting buildings from lightning strikes or for protecting telephone communication and broadcasting equipment), it is allowed to connect lightning rods from the SKPT antennas to the existing grounding device. The resistance of the grounding device should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.
APPENDIX
Reference
TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD AND THEIR DEFINITIONS
|
Definition |
|
|
Grounding for wired communication installations, radio relay stations, PV radio broadcasting nodes, etc. grounding conductor |
Intentional electrical connection of equipment or apparatus of an enterprise with a grounding device A metal conductor or a group of conductors of any shape (pipe, angle, wire, etc.) in direct contact with the ground (soil) |
|
Ground conductor |
Metal conductor connecting equipment or equipment to be grounded with a grounding conductor |
|
Grounding device Grounding device resistance or current flow resistance |
The totality of the grounding conductor and grounding conductors The total electrical resistance of the grounding conductors and the grounding conductor relative to the earth, expressed in ohms. The resistance of the earth electrode relative to the earth is defined as the ratio of the voltage of the earth electrode relative to earth to |
|
Soil resistivity |
current passing through the grounding conductor to the ground Electrical resistance provided by the soil with a volume of 1 m 3 when the current passes from one side of the soil to the opposite. Soil resistivity, denoted |
|
Working grounding device |
through p and expressed in ohms per meter, should be measured seasonally, taking the most unfavorable value as the calculated value A device designed to connect wired communication equipment and radio engineering devices (PV substations, radio relay stations) to the ground in order to use the earth as one of the wires of the electrical circuit |
|
Protective earthing device |
A device designed to connect to the ground the neutral wires of the windings of power transformer substations, lightning rods, arresters, screens of equipment and wires for in-station installation, metal sheaths and armored covers of cables, metal tanks, unattended amplifying points (NUP), metal parts of power equipment of wire communication installations and stations PVs, pressurized cable containment installations and other equipment which are not normally energized but are |
|
Linear protective earthing device |
become energized if the insulation of current-carrying wires is damaged. Protective grounding devices provide equalization of the potential of the metal parts of the equipment with the ground potential and thereby protect the operating personnel and equipment from the occurrence of a dangerous potential difference with respect to the ground Device that provides grounding of the metal sheaths of the cable and armored covers along the cable route and at stations where cable lines fit, as well as on overhead |
|
Measuring earthing device |
lines for grounding lightning rods, cables and metal cable sheaths, etc. In some cases, it is allowed to combine protective and line-protective grounding devices. Such a grounding device is called a combined protective auxiliary device designed for control measurements of the resistance of the working, protective and working-protective grounding devices. The resistance of the working and protective grounding devices should be measured, as a rule, from the grounding shield at the station, including the grounding conductor towards the grounding conductor. The resistance of grounding devices on overhead and cable lines is measured directly on the line |
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Communications of the USSR DEVELOPERS:
A.K. Slanov (topic leader); V.V. Zakharov
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards No. 304 dated January 29, 1979
3. The standard is unified with BDS 4722-70
4. Periodicity of inspection - 5 years
5. REPLACE GOST 464-68
6. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
7. The limitation of the validity period was removed according to the protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (YUS 4-94)
8. REPUBLICATION (October 1997) with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in December 1983, June 1989 (IUS 4-84, 10-89)
Number of paragraph, subparagraph, enumeration, application
GOST 12.1.030-81 GOST 5238-81 GOST 14857-76
2.3.3; 2.9.2; 2.9.3; 2.10.1-2.10.3 2.11.1
Editor T.S. Sheko Technical editor O.N. Vlasova Corrector RA. Mentova Computer layout S.V. Ryabovoy
Ed. persons. No. 021007 dated 10.08.95. Handed over to the set 11/10/97. Signed for publication on 28.11.97. Cond.print.l1.86. Uch.-ed.l. 1.35.
Circulation 182 copies. S/D 2597, Zach, 452,
IPK Standards Publishing House, 107076, Moscow, Kolodezny per., 14.
Typed at the Publishing House on a PC
Branch of IPK Publishing house of standards - type. “Moscow printer”, Moscow, Lyalin per., 6
The standard applies to station and linear structures of wired communication installations, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes of wire broadcasting (PV), selective railway communication installations and antennas of collective television reception systems (SKPT), for which stationary grounding devices are equipped, and establish the resistance standards of grounding devices, ensuring the normal operation of the structures and installations listed above, as well as the safety of maintenance personnel.
The standard does not apply to grounding devices that are provided in special-purpose equipment.
| Designation: | GOST 464-79* |
| Russian name: | Grounding for fixed wire communication installations, radio relay stations, radio broadcasting nodes and antennas of collective television reception systems. Resistance rates |
| Status: | current |
| Replaces: | GOST 464-68 |
| Text update date: | 01.10.2008 |
| Date added to database: | 01.02.2009 |
| Date of entry into force: | 01.01.1980 |
| Designed by: | Ministry of Communications of the USSR |
| Approved: | State Standard of the USSR (29.01.1979) |
| Published: | Standards Publishing House No. 1979 IPK Standards Publishing House No. 1998 |
STATE STANDARDSOYUZ SSR
GROUNDINGS FOR STATIONARY
WIRED COMMUNICATION INSTALLATIONS,
RADIO RELAY STATIONS,
RADIO BROADCAST NODES
WIRED BROADCASTING AND ANTENNAS
COLLECTIVE RECEPTION SYSTEMS
TV
STANDARDS OF RESISTANCE
GOST 464-79
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Introduction date 01.01.80
This standard applies to station and linear structures of wired communication installations, radio relay stations, wire broadcasting (PV) radio broadcasting nodes, selective railway communication installations and antennas of collective television reception systems (SKPT), for which stationary grounding devices are equipped, and establish the resistance standards of grounding devices that ensure normal operation structures and installations listed above, as well as the safety of operating personnel.
The standard does not apply to grounding devices that are provided in special-purpose equipment.
The terms used in this standard and their definitions are given in .
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. The following must be connected to the working-protective or protective grounding device using grounding wires in the shortest possible way:
one of the poles of the power supply installation;
the neutral of transformers, the output of a single-phase current source of a transformer substation or its own power plant supplying equipment of communication enterprises, a radio relay station or a PV station;
metal parts of power, rack and switch equipment;
metal reference equipotential surface of electronic telephone exchanges;
metal pipelines for water supply and central heating and other metal structures inside the building;
screens of equipment and cables;
metal sheaths of cables, elements of protection circuits, lightning rods;
SKPT antennas subject to lightning protection in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation (hereinafter - NTD).
The number of ground wires and the procedure for connecting equipment and equipment to them are established in the NTD for equipment of a particular type.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2).
Requirements for protective grounding and grounding - in accordance with GOST 12.1.030.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1).
Enterprises should equip separate working and protective grounding devices if there are remote power supply circuits according to the “wire-ground” scheme with grounding the “plus” of the current source.
The resistance of the common earthing device must comply with the earthing device resistance standards for each connected installation.
The resistance of the grounding device, to which the neutrals of generators or transformers are connected, or the output of a single-phase current source, with a specific soil resistance of up to 100 Ohm× m should not be more, Ohm:
2 - installations with a voltage of 660/380 V;
4 - installations with a voltage of 380/220 V;
8 - installations with voltage 220/127 V.
With specific soil resistancer over 100 ohm × m it is allowed to increase the resistance value of the grounding device inr/100 times, but not more than ten times, and also not more than the values indicated in Table. -, and in pp.,,.
1.3, 1.4.
1.4a. The resistance of a protective or working-protective grounding device must be provided taking into account the use of natural grounding conductors (metal pipes laid underground, metal structures, reinforcement of buildings and their concrete foundations, etc., with the exception of pipelines of combustible and explosive mixtures, sewerage, central heating and domestic water supply located outside the building, in which the equipment of the communication enterprise or the PV station is located).
1.5. The design of artificial ground electrodes or various circuits of the grounding device, the brand and cross-section of the connecting conductors from the grounding device to the grounding shield, the list of equipment, equipment and protection elements connected to the grounding device, the methods of connecting wires and their number, the method for measuring the resistance of grounding devices and soil resistivity are established in the NTD on specific type of equipment.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.6. The distance between separate non-insulated parts of different grounding devices (between working, protective, measuring, etc.) in the area before entering the building should not be less than 20 m.
1.7. The resistance of the measuring grounding device should not exceed 100 ohms in soils with resistivity up to 100 ohms × mi 200 Ohm - in soils with resistivity over 100 Ohm × m.
1.8. The resistance of linear-protective grounding devices for communication lines and wire hanging in areas of dangerous influence of power lines, electrified railways, as well as under the influence of radio stations and impulse effects (excluding lightning discharges), determined by calculation in accordance with the requirements of the NTD, should not exceed the values established by this standard.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2).
1.9. When operating grounding devices, their resistances should be checked at intervals:
twice a year - in summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) and in winter (during the period of the greatest freezing of the soil) - at intercity, urban and rural telephone exchanges, telegraph exchanges, telegraph broadcasting, terminal and subscriber points;
once a year - in the summer (during the period of the greatest drying of the soil) - at radio relay stations, at stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes;
once a year - before the beginning of the thunderstorm period (April - May) - in unattended amplification points (NUP) and regeneration points (RP) of long-distance, urban and rural communications; for containers of equipment for transmission systems (IKM-30, etc.);
once a year - before the start of the thunderstorm period - on cable and overhead communication lines and radio broadcasting networks, at cable poles and poles on which protection equipment is installed, at subscriber stations of telephone and radio broadcast networks, at step-down transformers of payphone booths;
at least once a year (before the beginning of the thunderstorm period) - for antennas of collective television reception systems.
2. STANDARDS OF RESISTANCE
2.1. Norms of resistance of grounding devices for intercity telephone exchanges and terminal points of selective railway communication
2.1.1. Intercity telephone exchanges (MTS), end points of selective railway communication, linear equipment shops (LTS) and intermediate amplifying points with power supply installations must be equipped with a protective or working-protective grounding device and two measuring grounding devices. When equipping the working and protective grounding devices in accordance with clause, one measuring grounding device is arranged, which must be connected in parallel with the protective grounding device.
In working condition, the measuring grounding devices must be connected on the grounding shield in parallel with the protective or working-protective grounding devices.
Up to 50
51 to 200
201 to 500
From 501 to 1000
St. 1000
Resistance of a working or working-protective grounding device, Ohm, no more
10,0
5,0
2,0
1,0
0,5
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2).
The resistance of the working and protective grounding device, depending on the number of single-wire telegraph circuits introduced into the station (see GOST 5238, drawings 26-31), should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. .
Table3
2.4. Norms of resistance of grounding devices for city telephone exchanges and local railway communication stations
In working condition, all three grounding devices must be connected in parallel on the grounding shield and disconnected only to measure the resistance of the protective or working-protective grounding device.
Up to 25 incl.
26 to 50
51 to 100
101 to 200
201 to 500
From 501 to 1000
St. 1000
Resistance of the working and protective grounding device, Ohm, no more
25,0
12,0
6,0
3,0
2,5
1,0
0,5
Note. In cases where at the station the connecting lines are equipped with inductive and battery (using earth as a current conductor) sets of the RSL type, the value of the resistance of the working and protective grounding is selected depending on the number of battery (polar) sets of the RSL type.
2.4.4. Unattended amplifying and regeneration points, fed remotely according to the "wire-wire" and "wire-ground" schemes, must be equipped with one protective grounding device, the resistance value of which must correspond to that given in clause.
2.5.2. Telephone exchanges with a capacity of up to 3000 numbers are allowed to be equipped with one protective or working-protective grounding device, and temporary grounding devices can be used as measuring grounding devices.
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.5.3. For sealing equipment of rural exchanges and RTSs, in the case of using the NUP "wire-wire" power supply system, one combined protective grounding device should be used. At the same time, unattended amplifying points must be equipped with protective grounding devices with a resistance not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in paragraphs. and .
2.5.4. Unattended amplifying points, fed remotely according to the "wire-ground" scheme, should be equipped with two separate grounding devices: working and linear-protective. The resistance of working and linear protective grounding devices should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in paragraphs. and .
2.6. Ground resistance standards for telephone exchanges with a local battery (MB)
2.6.1. Telephone exchanges of the MB system operating on two-wire circuits must be equipped with three separate grounding devices - protective and two measuring. In working condition, these three earthing devices must be connected in parallel at the earthing shield. With a station capacity of up to 200 numbers, it is allowed not to equip stationary measuring grounding devices, but when measuring a protective grounding device, use temporary grounding devices.
2.6.2. The resistance of the protective grounding device of MB stations operating on two-wire circuits should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. .
2.7. Norms of resistance of grounding devices for stations and PV
2.7.1. Stations and PV should be equipped with one protective or working-protective grounding device. For control measurements of the resistance of the protective and working-protective grounding device, it is allowed to equip two stationary measuring grounds or use temporary grounding devices.
2.7-2.7.2.(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.7.3. PV stations and transformer substations feeding them, geographically close to one another (clause ), should be equipped with a common protective or working-protective grounding device with a resistance of not more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in clause .
(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 2).
2.8. Norms of resistance of grounding devices for combined installations of wired communication and PV
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2).
2.8.1. Stationary wire communication installations for various purposes, located in one or nearby buildings and powered by one transformer substation: long-distance, urban, railway selective communications, and others, as well as stations and substations of radio broadcasting nodes, should be equipped with one common protective or working protective grounding device. In this case, the resistance of the connecting wires from the grounding device should be taken into account.
2.8.2. The resistance value of the common earthing device must comply with the regulations for each connected installation.
2.8.3. It is not allowed to unattended amplifying points, fed remotely with direct current, to combine a common protective grounding device with a working one.
2.9. Norms of resistance of protective grounding devices for long-distance communication lines
2.9.1. Grounding device resistance values for:
spark gaps of cascade protection types IR-7, IR-10, IR-15 and IR-20;
spark gaps IR-0.2 or IR-0.3 - when they are installed on supports adjacent to the cable support or station;
spark gaps installed on the wires of overhead lines to protect underground communication cables from lightning strikes;
lightning rods installed on the supports of overhead lines;
rope and metal sheaths of cables suspended on supports of overhead lines should be no more than the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table. .
Table6
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Table9
(Changed edition, Rev. No. 2). INFORMATION DATA 1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Communications of the USSR DEVELOPERS: A.K. Slanov(topic leader); V.V. Zakharov 2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated 01/29/79 No. 304 3. The standard is unified with BDS4722-70 4. Periodicity of verification -5 years 5. REPLACE GOST 464-68 6. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS 7. The limitation of the validity period was removed according to the protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94) 8. REPUBLICATION (October 1997) with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in December 1983, June 1989 (IUS 4-84, 10-89) |