Creating a texture that mimics metal is one of the widely used Photoshop features by designers. Today, there are many ways to imitate metal surfaces, in particular shiny chrome, nickel, iron, corroded, acid-etched, elegant surfaces of noble gold, silver, platinum, and mercury. These effects can be implemented either with the help of special additional filters or actions that help to give letters or other objects a metallic sheen and bulge, or based on standard Photoshop tools that provide no less professional results.
The easiest way to achieve a metallic effect is to use the right action, of which there are many on the web. For this purpose, it is worth looking, for example, at the addresses: http://www.webmaster.ru/~porcupine/actions/index.cfm?row=19&curpage=5 , http://easyphotoshop.chat.ru/actions/actions. htm , http://gribnick.da.ru/ , http://www.fotoshop.ru/cgi-bin/actions/detail.pl?id=76 etc. However, there are not so many options here, and those who wish to get non-standard effect, this method will not work. It is better to try to achieve the desired effect with the help of special plug-ins, which, as a rule, will allow you to get a good imitation and at the same time quite quickly. In more complex cases, you will have to act manually, relying only on the standard features of the program.
Metal imitation using standard Photoshop tools
This option is very time-consuming and far from simple, but it opens up wide opportunities for creativity, especially since various metal imitation techniques can be found on numerous network resources. Interesting ways creating metal rings, corroded metal effect and chrome, gold and bronze text can be found on the site. The original imitation of blue metal can be found on the website http://ash.aiq.ru/. Looking at http://www.savvy.net/ , it's easy to figure out how to create metal textures, chrome and mercury objects. The site http://www.pegaweb.com/tutorials/ shows how to create spectacular metal buttons. This list can be continued for a long time, but we will limit ourselves to only the most interesting options.
Bronze
A strong impression is made by the imitation of a shiny bronze surface, presented at http://www.eyesondesign.net/. To implement it, create a new image in RGB mode and fill it with light brown, and then depict the intended metal object with dark brown (Fig. 1).
Rice. one. original image
Select the future metal object and save the selection as new channel Alpha1, using the command Select → Save Selection (Select → Save selection). Then merge the layers, change the foreground color to darker and use the command Edit → Stroke (Edit → Stroke), setting the appropriate parameters. In this case, selected Width (Border width) - 5 pixels, Location (Position) - Inside (Inside), Opacity (Opacity) - 100% and Mode (Mode) - Normal (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Image after applying the Stroke command
Apply the command Select → Modify → Contract (Selection → Modify → Compress) with a compression width of 15 pixels, and then fill the selected area with white (Fig. 3). Refuse to highlight.
Rice. 3. Image after squeezing the selection and filling the selection with white
Apply the Gaussian Blur filter: Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur (Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur) with a blur radius of 5 pixels and change the layer mode from Normal to Overlay (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. The result of Gaussian blur and layer mode change
Make a copy of this layer and name the new layer Chrome. Go to the Alpha1 channel and successively apply a Gaussian blur: Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur (Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur) - first with a blur radius of 9 pixels, then 6 and 3 and finally 1 pixel. The result will look something like in Fig. 5.
Rice. 5. Image after multiple Gaussian blur
Activate the Chrome layer and add lighting effects: Filter → Render → Lighting Effects (Filter → Render → Light Effects) with the parameters as in fig. 6. The result will resemble fig. 7.
Rice. 6. Window for setting the parameters of the Lighting Effects filter
Rice. 7. Chrome layer after applying the Lighting Effects filter
Activate the main layer with the object, select the background, make an inversion - as a result, the object will be selected, and then expand the border by 1 pixel using the Select → Modify → Expand command (Selection → Modify → Expand). After that, delete unnecessary parts of the border by pressing the Del key, and discard the selection (Fig. 8).
Rice. 8. Result of clearing the border
Activate the Chrome layer, create a new layer Curves 1 using the command Layer → New Adjustment Layer → Curves (Layer → New layer installation → Curves), enabling the Group With Previous Layer checkbox (Merge with the previous layer) and with all other default settings, and adjust the curves according to fig. 9. Reactivate the Chrome layer and again use the command Layer→New Adjustment Layer→Curves (Layer→New layer installation→Curves) with the same settings and with the Group With Previous Layer checkbox enabled (Merge with the previous layer) - a new Curves 2 layer will appear ; curves should be adjusted according to fig. ten.
Rice. 9. Curves settings window for layer Curves 1
Rice. 10. Curves settings window for layer Curves 2
Merge the layers with the Flatten Image command and apply the command Layer → New Adjustment Layer → Hue / Saturation (Layer → New layer installation → Color / Saturation), turning on the checkboxes Group With Previous Layer (Merge with the previous layer) with the activated parameter Colorize (Colorization) and adjusting parameters Hue (Hue) and Saturation (Saturation). AT this example the option is selected: Hue - 33, Saturation - 34. The result that you should get is shown in fig. eleven.
Rice. 11. The final look of the bronze surface
For greater persuasiveness, you can introduce a suitable texture as a background, imitating, say, rusty metal - with such a texture, the result should resemble the image in Fig. 12.
Rice. 12. Sparkling bronze on rusty texture
Gold
One of the most interesting imitation gold options is available at http://iolabs.virtualave.net/photoshop/gold/. To get a similar imitation, print black text on a white background (Fig. 13), select the entire black area and save it as a selection using the Select → Save Selection command (Select → Save selection). After that, merge all layers using the command Layer → Flatten Image (Layer → Run Flatten) and blur the entire image Gaussian by applying the filter Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur (Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur) with a blur coefficient of about 5 pixels (Fig. . fourteen).
Rice. 13. Original image
Rice. 14. Image after Gaussian blur
Now you need to form a kind of border - for this, load the selection with the command Select → Load Selection (Select → Load selection) and fill the selected area with black. Then invert the selection, reduce it with the command Select → Modify → Contract (Selection → Modify → Compress) by 4 pixels and fill it with white (Fig. 15).
Rice. 15. Picture with a border
At the next stage, you need to slightly highlight the object from different sides to form glare by applying the filter Filter → Render → Lighting Effects (Filter → Render → Light Effect) with approximately the same parameters as in Fig. 16. In this case, you should pay attention to the fact that the settings need to be changed for all three light sources. The result will look like in Fig. 17.
Rice. 16. Lighting Effects Filter Options
Rice. 17. Image after the introduction of three light sources
In order to give the material a metal look, use the Image→Adjust→Curves command and build a curve on (Fig. 18); As a result, the picture should resemble the image in Fig. 19.
Finally, an indefinite metal must be turned into gold by adjusting the levels with the Image → Adjustments → Levels command (Image → Adjustments → Levels) with input parameters Input Levels set to 100; 1.0 and 255, and picking up the color and saturation using the command Image → Adjustments → Hue / Saturation (Image → Adjustments → Color / Saturation) with the Colorize parameter turned on and the values: Hue (Hue) - 35, Saturation (Saturation ) - 35. The result should resemble the image in fig. twenty.
Rice. 18. Curves settings window
Rice. 19. Appearance images after adjusting Curves
Rice. 20. The final version of imitation gold
Chromium
The most original way to create chrome objects can be found at http://www.eyesondesign.net/. To implement it, create a dark gray object (Fig. 21). Rename the active layer in Chrome.
Rice. 21. Original image
Select the object, save the selection with the Select → Save Selection command (Select → Save Selection) and reduce it by about 3 pixels using the Select → Modify → Contract command (Selection → Modify → Compress). In this case, you need to be guided by the principle: the larger the image size, the larger the value you need to enter.
Create a new one above the Chrome layer layer 1. Set the foreground color to white and the background color to black, select Reflected Gradient and create a gradient fill from top to bottom within the selection (Figure 22). Refuse to highlight.
Rice. 22. Image after applying the gradient
Go to the Alpha1 channel and blur the Gaussian selection: Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur (Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur) three times in turn. The blur radius directly depends on the image size, but the principle of changing the radius when moving to the next blur is constant: the next value of the blur radius should be half the previous one. In this case, the radius of 4 pixels was taken for the first time, 2 pixels for the second, and 1 pixel for the third (Fig. 23).
Rice. 23. Gaussian channel blur result
Return to the Layers palette, activate the Chrome layer and add lighting effects Filter → Render → Lighting Effects (Filter → Render → Light Effect) with parameters such as in fig. 24.
Rice. 24. Adjust Lighting Effects Filter Options
The next step is to give the image a metallic sheen. To do this, open the Curves dialog box: Image → Adjustments → Curves (Image → Adjustments → Curves) and form the curve shown in fig. 25. In this case, the coordinates of the first point of the curve are set in (60; 190), and the second - in (190; 60) - fig. 26.
Rice. 25. Curve settings window
Rice. 26. The appearance of a metallic luster
Finally, use the command Image → Adjustments → Brightness / Contrast (Image → Adjustments → Brightness / Contrast), setting the appropriate values \u200b\u200bfor the parameters Brightness (Brightness) and Contrast (Contrast). In this example, Brightness is 70 and Contrast is 40 (Figure 27).
Rice. 27. Finished chrome finish
Mercury
As for the imitation of mercury surfaces, on the Web on many sites you can find two fundamentally different options for implementing this effect. One, undoubtedly, first appeared on the site http://www.savvy.net/, and the authorship of the second one is already difficult to establish today. It is the second option that gives a more effective imitation of mercury, so we will dwell on it.
Create a new image in RGB mode, set black background and white as foreground color. Create a new Alpha 1 channel and draw the intended metal object (Figure 28) and then discard the selection.
Rice. 28. Original image on channel Alpha 1
Make a copy of the Alpha 1 channel - by default, the new channel will be named Alpha 1 copy. Then blur the Alpha 1 copy Gaussian channel: Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur (Filter → Blur → Gaussian Blur) with a blur radius of about 3 pixels (if the object is very large, then you can use a larger blur radius value; Fig. 29).
Rice. 29. Alpha 1 copy channel after Gaussian blur
Make a copy of the Alpha 1 copy channel - the new channel will be named Alpha 1 copy 2. Switch back to the Alpha 1 copy channel and apply the filter Filter → Other → Offset (Filter → Other → Shift) with parameters (-1; -1) and Wrap option Around (Cycling). Return to channel Alpha 1 copy 2 and use the same filter, but with settings (1; 1).
After that, perform calculations for the channel using the Image → Calculations ... command (Image → Calculations ...), selecting the settings, as shown in fig. 30. As a result, a new Alpha 2 channel will be created, and the image will look like in fig. 31.
Rice. 30. Settings window of the Calculations command
Rice. 31. Image after calculations
On the Alpha 2 channel, successively apply the commands Image → Adjustments → Invert (Image → Adjustments → Negative) and Image → Adjustments → Auto Levels (Image → Adjustments → Auto Levels) - fig. 32.
Rice. 32. The result of the negative and tone correction
Now use the Airbrush tool to soften the edges of the image. Set the pressure to 6%, select a brush of about 45 pixels, set white as the foreground color and spray on.
At the next stage, you will need to enhance the reflection effect using the Image → Adjustments → Curves command (Image → Adjustments → Curves), having built approximately the same curve as in Fig. 33. The result should resemble the image in fig. 34.
Rice. 33. Curves setup window
Rice. 34. Image after enhanced reflection effect
Load the selection saved in the Alpha 1 copy channel using the Select → Load Selection command, invert it and fill the selection with black.
Reload the selection Alpha 1 copy and compress the selection by about 3 pixels using the command Select → Modify → Contract (Selection → Modify → Compress). Make an inversion and apply the command Image → Adjustments → Invert (Image → Adjustments → Negative). As a result, the image on the Alpha 2 channel will look something like in Fig. 35.
Rice. 35. Alpha 2 channel after all manipulations
Now select the entire image, copy the selection to the clipboard, switch to the RGB channel and paste the selection into it. Then give the metal the desired shade using the command Image → Adjustments → Hue / Saturation (Image → Adjustments → Color / Saturation) with the Colorize parameter turned on and the appropriate values \u200b\u200bHue (Hue) and Satuation (Saturation). The result should resemble the image in Fig. 36.
Rice. 36. Final view of the mercury surface
Metal simulation with plugins
A lot of plug-ins have already been created, in which the effect of metal imitation is implemented to one degree or another. For example, pseudo-3D metal objects can be obtained using the Lighting effect of the Ulead Type.Plugin plugin. The realistic texture of gold is easily simulated using the Gel filter from the KPT 6.0 group from Metacreation. Various options for shiny metal surfaces (chrome, gold, silver, etc.) can be created very quickly using the Chrome filter from the Eye Candy 4.0 group from Alien Skin, and matte metal surfaces work well thanks to the PhotoGroove 3.0 effect from the Extensis PhotoTools 3.0 group.
Let's consider the possibilities of using plug-ins to simulate shiny liquid metal surfaces using the Chrome filter from the Eye Candy 4.0 group as an example, and to create matte ones using the PhotoGroove 3.0 filter from the PhotoTools 3.0 group as an example.
In the first case, select the object to which you want to apply the filter (Fig. 37), and use the command Filter→Eye Сandy 4000→Chrome (Filter→Eye Сandy 4000→Chrome) with approximately the same parameters as in fig. 38. As a result, we get the image shown in fig. 39.
Rice. 37. Original image
Rice. 38. Setting the Chrome filter parameters from the Eye Candy 4.0 group
Rice. 39. The result of the Chrome filter from the Eye Candy 4.0 group
To use the PhotoGroove 3.0 filter, also select the object and use the Filter → PhotoTools → PhotoGroove 3.0 command (Filter → PhotoTools → PhotoGroove 3.0), setting the appropriate parameter values, for example, as in fig. 40. As a result, we get the image shown in fig. 41.
Rice. 40. Setting the PhotoGroove 3.0 filter options from the Extensis PhotoTools 3.0 group
Rice. 41. The result of the effect of the PhotoGroove 3.0 filter from the Extensis PhotoTools 3.0 group
Today we will do metal in photoshop. Further, it can be used as a background or basis for letters, frames and all kinds of clipart.
We create a document. I mainly use A4 format, as the result is obtained in good quality. If necessary, the format can always be reduced, but it will be problematic to increase it without losing quality.
After the document is created, fill it with a gradient. Choosing a tool Gradient
and use colors:
1
#434037
2
#575447
3#8a8374
Now fill the background from bottom to top, or from top to bottom, as you like, and move on to the next part of the work.
Now we need to add a new layer: Layer / New / Layer…
Fill it with white.
Next, add noise to the new layer: Filter / Noise / Add Noise…
We set the value Amount - 200%
Choose Gaussian
and check the box Monochromatic
Add a motion blur filter. Filter / Blur / Motion Blur… Meaning Angle - 90%, Distance - 204px
Please note that the stripes will be sharper at the edges than in the middle part, so we need to remove them. I just pull out this layer. In order for the deformation mesh to appear, check the box next to Show Transform Controls
, on the top panel.
It remains to change in this layer Blend Mode on Overlay and you're done. For convenience, you can merge layers by clicking Ctrl+Shift+E We got the effect metal. It can be used as a background or a blank for further work.
And, as I like to do, a short video to help beginners understand the whole process more clearly.
In this lesson we will learn how to create an inscription on metal. The lesson is simple, will not take you much time and does not require special skills. But if you are a beginner, you will learn useful things about layer styles, working with textures, applying blend modes, etc. We hope the skills learned will be useful to you!
Final result
Sources
- Font Delicious ;
- Wood texture by elemis.
- Metal texture by halfthelaw.
- Gradients for Photoshop by ilnanny (we'll need the METALS.grd file).
We will also need outlines. See how to install them.
Step 1
Create a new 800 x 461 px document. Place the "Dark Wood Teture" wood texture in the document.
Make sure the Snap option is active (View > Snap / View > Snap). Activate the rulers: View > Rulers / View > Rulers. Now click on the horizontal ruler and drag it down to create a horizontal guide.
Drag the guide to the center of the document. It should "stick" in the middle.
Step 2
Take the tool Rectangle Tool / Rectangle, and in the settings menu, click on the icon “geometry settings” / “geometry settings”. Turn on the From Center option.
Move your mouse to the center of the document (on the guide), then click once and enter 490 x 255 px to create a rectangle.
Give the rectangle the color #adadad.
Grab the Add Anchor Point Tool. Click in the middle of each of the vertical sides to add points.
With the Direct Selection Tool, click and drag to select both of the newly created points.
Select Edit > Transform Points > Scale from the menu. Then hold down the Alt/Option key and drag one of the outer handles to the side.
Now also pull the manipulator up.
When you're happy with the result, press Enter/Return.
Select the Ellipse Tool, turn on the From Center option, and select the Subtract Front Shape option.
Hover your mouse over the guide at the right edge of the shape and, holding down the Shift key, drag out a 25 x 25 px circle.
Do the same on the left side.
Step 3
Double click on the layer we just worked on and give it the following Layer Style / Layer Styles:
Bevel and Emboss / embossing
Gradient Overlay
Use "stove pipe 120" from METALS.grd.
Here's what should happen:
Step 4
Select the Direct Selection Tool to select all the points that make up the shape.
Place the "Dark Brushed Metal" metal texture file on top of all layers. Then, holding down the Ctrl / Cmd key, click on the layer with the shape we created to create a selection along its outline.
Press Ctrl / Cmd + J to duplicate the selection in a new layer, now for this layer, change the Blend Mode parameter / Overlay mode to Overlay / Overlap. Delete the original "Dark Brushed Metal" layer.
Step 5
Create text - all in capital letters. The font used in the example is Delicious. The font size is 70 pt and the color is #b5b5b5.
Duplicate the text layer and for the copy layer, set the Fill parameter to 0%, then duplicate the layer again.
Double click on the original text layer to give it a Stroke layer style. Enter the parameters as shown below. Use the color #b5b5b5.
Click right click mouse over the layer we just worked on and select Rasterize Layer Style / Rasterize layer style.
Reopen the Layer Styles for this layer and give it the Bevel and Emboss style.
Specify for this layer Fill / Filling in 0%.
Step 6
Double click on the first copy of the text layer to bring up the Layer Style window. Specify the following styles:
Bevel and Emboss / Embossing
Here's what should happen.
Double click on the second copy of the text layer and give it a Bevel and Emboss layer style:
In the menu, find Filter> Noise> Add Noise / Filter> Noise> Add Noise. Specify the settings as shown below.
Change the Blend Mode of the noise layer to Soft Light and the Opacity to 50%.
Save the file. Then save the file as a copy. We will merge the layers, so it's always good to leave a version where everything is disassembled and can be edited.
After you have saved the file as a copy, select from the menu Layer> Flatten Image / Layer> Flatten.
From the menu select Filter > Render > Lighting Effects / Filter > Rendering > Lighting Effect, and specify the parameters as shown below.
You can edit circles to get the shape you want.
Today's lesson will not be about glows, sparks, lightning and other fantastic things, but on the contrary - very mundane material. In this tutorial, I'll show you how, in just a few simple steps create a shiny aluminum element that vaguely resembles some Apple products.
1 step
First, create a new document. Since I would like to use the artwork as wallpaper, I set the document dimensions to 1440x900px. Unlock the background layer (click on the padlock next to the layer icon in the Layers palette) and apply the Gradient Overlay style to it. Set the Blending Mode to Multiply, Gradient Style to Radial, and Colors to #F2F2F2 to #C3C3C3 .
Step 2
Create a new layer and name it "noise". Then switch to the Paint Bucket Tool (G) and fill the layer with white, then switching its blending mode to Multiply. Now make sure your background color is set to black and go to Filter > Noise > Add Noise. From the settings, set the Monochromatic and Uniform modes, and set the percentage at 8-10%.
3 step
Use the Ellipse Tool (U) to create six very small circles. Then select them and align them horizontally. After that, click on the Distribute Vertical Centers button in the top menu bar. So the circles will be evenly spaced at the same distance from each other.
Step 4
Make sure you have rulers turned on. If not, go to View > Rulers. Then take out some guides like I did (see illustration) and move three of the six circles as shown below.
Step 5
Duplicate the three circles from the first column and move them as shown below.
Step 6
Now select all the circles and convert them to Smart Objects. Then double click on the layer to bring up the style menu. First apply a Color Overlay style with a dark gray, or even black. Then style the circles with inner shadow(Inner Shadow).
Step 7
Now hide the background and noise layers. Using the Rectangular Marquee Tool (M) select four circles, but also grab the spacing on both sides (this is what they were created in three rows for). Then open Edit > Define Pattern. Name the generated template "holes".
Step 8
Now with the help of the Rectangular Tool (U) create a rectangle on the left edge of the canvas. Let's style it. First, set the Fill Opacity of this layer to 0%. Then apply a pattern fill (Pattern Overlay style) with the pattern you just created from the circles. Then just copy the rectangle and place the duplicate on the other side of the canvas.
Step 9
Place your logo or any other symbol you like in the center of the document. Call the style menu for this layer and give it a Gradient Overlay style. Set the Style to Reflected and the colors to white and black. After that add another style - Bevel and Emboss and just copy the settings from the picture below.
10 step
Then create another layer on top of the logo layer and name it "noise logo". Fill the layer with white and change its blending mode to Multiply. Use the Rectangular Marquee Tool to create a selection as shown below. After that go to Filter > Pixelate > Mezzotint and then Filter > Blur > Radial Blur. And finally change the Opacity of the layer to 50%.
Step 11
Load the logo selection (simply click on the icon of this layer in the Layers palette while holding Ctrl). Then make sure you have the "noise logo" layer selected and go to Layer > Layer Mask > Reveal Selection.
Step 12
Using the Pen Tool (P) create a shape as shown in the image below. Convert it to a Smart Object and go to Filter > Blur > Redial Blur. For the Method parameter, select the Zoom type and click Ok. Then do the same blur (Filter > Blur > Radial Blur) again, but now use the Spin type.
Step 13
Repeat step 11, but this time apply a mask to the rays layer.
Step 14
Create a new layer and name it "white brush". Load the logo selection again as we did in steps 11 and 14. Switch to the Brush Tool (B) with a 35px brush and set its color to white. Then use it to apply some highlights to the areas indicated below.
Conclusion
Well. In a few simple steps, we have achieved a very impressive effect. Using this technique, you can style your web projects or other graphic projects that require interface work in a quality way. In addition, during the work it was possible to create a considerable number of different templates for holes of various shapes and sizes, which you can also use in your future projects. I hope you enjoyed today's lesson, good luck!
Share a lesson
legal information
Translated from the site psd.tutsplus.com, the author of the translation is indicated at the beginning of the lesson.
Quite often, we are faced with the question of how to create text with a metallic sheen effect, or with a golden glow or silver reflection effect. Of course, you can use ready-made styles, but they all do not look very high quality. For professional quality development, let's see how to do it with you metallic effect text using different style effect options. Let's get started with Photoshop. This lesson can be repeated even by a beginner.
Step 1
Before opening Photoshop, we'll need to install the perfect Rothenburg Decorative font and the nice set of Subtle Grunge Brushes.
Open Photoshop and create a new document at 1800 x 1300 px in RGB mode, 72 DPI and then fill the background with dark gray #1f1f1f.
Step 2
Create a new layer, name it "texture" and use the Grunge Brushes to click a couple of times in the center of the document using white. Use different brushes from this set, try to cover the center of the document, change the look of the brush.
Step 3
Double click on the texture layer icon to open the Layer Style panel. In the "Blending Options" reduce the 'Fill' to 0 and then apply the "Drop Shadow" and "Inner Shadow" layer effects using these settings. This will give the texture a realistic embossing.
Step 4
Click on the icon Add layer mask (Add layer mask), and then press Command / Ctrl + (I) to invert.
Take a big soft brush with stiffness (hardness): 0% - size: 950px and click in the center of the document. This way the texture layer will only show more in the center, fading out towards the edges of the document.
Step 5
Use the Type Tool (T) and the options as in the screenshot, enter the word Labdes or whatever you want. If you don't see the 'Character Window' tab then go to the menu Window -> Character.
Step 6
Open the 'Layer Style' of the 'Labdes' text layer and apply following settings. For each setting you can see preview the effect you just added.
Step 7
After you have changed the style, click OK. Now select the word "Labdes" using the Type Tool (T). Select everything next to the first capital letter(except for herself), and reduce the kerning (kerning) to -5, as in the image below. As a reminder, you can display the Character Window via the Window -> Character menu.
Step 8
Duplicate this layer with Command / Ctrl + (J), right-click on the layer icon and select Clear Layer Style (Clear layer style). So the text below will match the one above exactly, and now we can add more effects. A great way to work with 2 layer styles is to create a solid base, as we did on the first text layer, and now add lighting and reflection to the second, new layer above. This way it's much easier for us to blend the light and color into the texture layer below.
Step 9
