I must say right away that I am not a professional lighting designer and I am not an expert in this field. I have always been more interested in technical issues in the lighting of premises (lighting calculations,). Although I really love beautiful interiors and can spend hours watching thick glossy magazines on interior design, construction and repair with bright color pictures. I especially like magazines with photo examples of real projects. My favorite magazines of this type are MajorDom and Beautiful Apartments.
Leafing through this type of magazines, first of all, I pay attention to how the lighting is organized in a particular case. At the same time, somehow imperceptibly for yourself, you begin to notice and clearly realize the general trends in the development of home lighting: what lamps and fixtures are used, how they are placed, how the illuminated interior looks from different angles, and much more.
The other day, after talking with a young and pretty girl designer, I came to the conclusion that she agrees with everything that I enthusiastically stated to her, there are certain trends in interior lighting and they have the right to be voiced. Well, as I can voice all my thoughts through the site, now I will do this. I hope you will not remain indifferent, but leave your opinion about this material in the comments! This is very important to me!
So, in this article I want to share my observations with the readers of the site. What are the current trends in interior lighting? How are new ideas implemented? What modern technical solutions apply? What benefits can we get by putting into practice these modern trends in lighting design?
Such lamps can be rotated in any direction, while changing the direction of light and getting new version room lighting.
These new technical solutions make it possible to significantly expand the possibility of using lighting in rooms, since with the help of the same lamps it is possible to obtain both general uniform and, if desired, directional lighting. In addition, track and cable lighting systems make it easy to place fixtures without fixing them to the ceiling, which is sometimes quite difficult to do in rooms with complex ceilings.
During the construction or repair of the premises, a small niche is specially organized. It further accommodates vases with flowers, figurines or other decorative items that are beautifully illuminated built into a niche from above or below.
Thanks to this, the room has additional volume, the space expands, the illuminated niche becomes a focal point and decoration of the entire room. In addition, with the help of such a niche, an additional tier of light appears in the room.
6. Combination of different light sources
In addition to all the lighting effects and the convenience of controlling light sources, dimmers have several other advantages - they allow you to increase the life of the lamps and save energy.
9. Using small portable lights
It is popular among lighting designers to use small fixtures with a narrow beam of light. Thanks to them, you can change the atmosphere in the room with the help of lighting almost several times a day and at the same time get different lighting effects.
The main advantage of such lamps is their mobility. They allow you to change or supplement the existing lighting scheme in the room without global alterations and repairs.
By simply introducing a new light source and illuminating, for example, a beautiful wall in the corner of a room, or a large vase, we not only create a new focus of light, but also an additional level of illumination.
True, for the full use of small portable lamps, it is desirable to have indoors in different places Plenty of outlets to minimize the use of extension cords for such lamps. Otherwise, everything will be beautiful, but you will have to constantly stumble over twisted wires.
If it's not difficult for you, leave your comment on the article! I'm very interested in your opinion!
According to the development model of the analytical company McKinsey, by 2020 the turnover of the global lighting market will be almost 110 billion euros, with an annual growth of 6% from 2010 to 2016 and 3% from 2016 to 2020. The backbone of the market is general lighting, with a turnover of approximately 60 billion euros in 2011, representing almost 75% of the revenues of the entire lighting market.
It is expected to rise to 80 billion euros by 2020 and account for 80% of all revenues (see Figure 1).
The progress of the general lighting market is driven by two main factors. The first is the rapid growth of investment in construction in developing countries. The second is the increasing introduction of expensive technologies in lighting, including LEDs, which naturally increases the average cost of finished lighting fixtures. The automotive lighting market is constantly growing. In 2011, its turnover was estimated at around 14 billion euros, representing 20% of the lighting market.
According to experts, by 2020 this sector will manage a turnover of 18 billion euros. 90% of the automotive lighting sector's turnover is made up of exterior lights, of which 70% are headlights. In terms of growth rates, the automotive sector of the market is not inferior to the general lighting sector, and the engines that turn the wheels of automotive lighting progress are quite similar: strong growth in the automotive industry in developing countries, as well as the penetration of LED technology. Another trend in this sector has been a shift in emphasis towards the installation of new lighting. In turn, new, more durable and energy efficient light sources will lead to a decline in the aftermarket for conventional automotive lighting.
The turnover of the lighting market sector was estimated in 2011 at the level of 4 billion euros, which is about 6% of the total lighting market. Despite such a modest share in the total piggy bank, the lighting sector plays a huge role, since the widespread adoption of LED technology will have a significant impact on the cost of LED products in other sectors, such as general lighting.
At present, LEDs are the main backlight for small and medium-sized screens used in mobile phones, laptops, compact monitors and LCD TVs. They are also gradually capturing widescreen LCD TVs - the traditional fiefdom fluorescent lamps with a cold cathode.
OLED technologies are already being used in the mobile phone and smartphone market. Their success was ensured by more a high resolution than LCDs. And thanks to the generous investment of a number of Korean companies, they can push even LEDs out of widescreen LCD TVs.
Until 2016, the turnover of the backlight market will remain stable and will amount to the same 4 billion euros. Its share may even decrease due to an increase in the overall brightness of LEDs, as well as the introduction of OLED technologies.
As for other applications of LED technologies, such as alarms and medical lighting, their share in the general lighting market is negligible and no fundamental changes are expected to be observed in the near future.
global lighting market. Population Growth and Income Growth
By 2020, according to experts, the world's population will be 7.7 billion. This is a fundamental driver for the growing demand for lighting, both in residential and other market sectors. The main population growth - approximately 78% - falls on the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and in the period from 2011 to 2020 will amount to 800 million people. Thus, the balance of power in the lighting market will also be determined by the geographical factor, and it is the Asian markets that will determine the needs in the lighting market.
global lighting market. Urbanization
The annual growth of the world economy in the period from 2011 to 2020 will be 3-4%. This growth will be driven by urban economic activity, which will have a strong impact on market demands, especially in the general lighting sector. Research by specialists shows that by 2025, 60 percent of GDP growth will be provided by 600 cities in the world, in which 50% of the world's population will live (see Fig. 2).
The most intensive growth of the urban population will take place in the developing regions of the planet. In 2007, 380 out of 600 cities in the developing region (in terms of GDP) accounted for 50% of global GDP. By 2025, 136 new cities from developing regions, mostly Chinese, will be added to this list (100 new cities). Among them are Harbin, Guangzhou, Shantu. However, such trends are observed in other regions of the planet. India has added 13 new cities to this list, including Hyderabad and Surat. Latin America contributed 8 cities such as Cancun and Baranquilla. The rapid growth in cities in developing regions is due primarily to growth in GDP per capita, rather than population growth itself (see Chart 3).
The expansion of the automotive lighting sector was a consequence of the growth of the global economy, which had an undeniable impact on the automotive market as a whole. Since 2009, the Chinese auto market has become the largest in the world, and the growth in the turnover of the automotive markets of developing countries exceeds that in developed European countries and North America (about 6% annual growth in developing countries versus 2% growth in developed countries from 2011 to 2020). ). However, the trend in the automotive market is to drive down the cost of production, which gives the automotive lighting sector a less dramatic performance.
global lighting market. Energy saving and the global fight against CO2
Today, the depletion of natural resources and climate change are two of the world's biggest problems. And although the last question is somewhat controversial, the depletion of energy resources is quite obvious and does not require additional evidence. When analyzing activities to combat the greenhouse effect, it was found that replacing light sources with more energy-efficient ones not only brings tangible profits, but also reduces carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. However, this is the only profitable way to combat the greenhouse effect, others have a negative impact on the economy (see Fig. 4).
The economic profit from replacing incandescent lamps with LEDs with an annual reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 2015 will be 140 euros per ton. Such a reduction in emissions through the use of solar energy will bring only 80 euros per tonne of carbon dioxide (see Fig. 5).
At the same time, replacing traditional light sources with LED ones will cost half as much as installation. solar panels. Thus, LED technologies are more promising in terms of further public investment.
global lighting market. Diversity
Of the entire electronics industry, the lighting industry is the most fragmented and multifaceted, as lighting is used in various fields of activity. But there are only four main directions, which, intersecting, form great amount variations (see Fig. 6).
The first and most difficult direction is applications. As mentioned above, there are three main market sectors - general lighting, automotive and lighting. In addition, there are others - indication of industrial devices, traffic lights, signals, etc. But even within the sectors themselves there is a division into areas of application. For example, general lighting is divided into lighting of industrial facilities, residential premises, shops.
The second direction is the technology of light sources. This area is represented by seven main technologies: incandescent, halogen, LFL (linear fluorescent lamps), CFL (compact fluorescent lamps), high and low pressure discharge lamps, LED and OLED lamps. Related technologies include metal halide, cold cathode fluorescent and low pressure sodium lamps.
The third direction is the features of the geographical location, especially for general lighting. Operating rules and voltage requirements in all regions of the planet are different. The same goes for color preferences. European consumers, for example, are showing a preference for warm hues, which is driving the halogen light sector. The Asian market has a lower preference for warm colors and therefore fluorescents have the upper hand here.
The fourth direction is the structure of the general lighting market. The lighting industry involves professionals from a wide range of professions, from builders to lighting concept designers and even government officials. This makes the lighting market extremely mobile, changeable and ambiguous. And against the backdrop of all this diversity, there is a rapid onset of LEDs, which are fundamentally different from traditional light sources and are changing the lighting industry, its scale and the role of individual sectors.
global lighting market. LED revolution
For a long time, the lighting industry was considered conservative and fairly stable compared to other industries such as electronics, automotive. For tens of thousands of years people have used fire as their light. This continued until the 19th century, until the light bulb was invented. The next significant event in lighting occurred in the 20s of the last century with the invention of a fluorescent lamp, more durable and efficient. LEDs, which are based on semiconductor materials capable of emitting light, appeared in the early 60s. The whole range of colors, coupled with low energy consumption and ever-decreasing cost, made it possible to call them with full confidence the fourth generation of lighting that can completely revolutionize the market.
global lighting market. The trend towards reducing lighting costs
Theoretically, LED lighting could become the cheapest type of lighting in use today. According to the US Department of Energy (DOE) lighting production roadmap, the cost of a finished LED luminaire and its components will be reduced annually by 30% from 2011 to 2016 and by 10-15% from 2016 to 2020. Extrapolating these findings, we can say that by 2016, lighting products will cost five, and in 2020 ten times cheaper than in 2011 (see Fig. 7).
Every year the cost reduction forecasts become bolder. For example, the US Department of Energy's 2009 cost forecast for an average LED luminaire was $4 per kilolumen, $3 in 2010, and dropped to $2 per km in 2011. There are only two key incentives for cost reduction. The first is an increase in the brightness of the emitted light (measured in lumens) in relation to the energy consumed (measured in watts), that is, light output. The second is to reduce the production cost of a unit of LED products.
global lighting market. The rapid growth of the automotive LED lighting sector
In 2010, the share of the automotive LED lighting sector was 12%, most of which was in the illumination of brake lights, indicators and other applications in red. In 2011, with the adoption of a number of laws in European countries and the United States, LEDs began to be actively used in daytime running lights, which have become an integral design attribute in cars such as Audi and BMW. LEDs are also storming headlights, but xenon and halogen bulbs are still holding their ground due to their much lower cost.
global lighting market. The main goal is general lighting
LEDs are already widely mastering the general lighting sector - the main direction of the entire market. In 2010, the share of LEDs here was relatively small - only 7%. main reason- high price. But at the same time, RGB LEDs are already successfully used in architectural lighting, as they have obvious advantages over competitors. White LEDs also continue to increase their presence in this lighting sector. As a result of trends towards significant reduction in cost and energy saving, the share of LEDs in the general lighting sector by 2016 will be 43%, and by 2020 - 65%.
The introduction of LED technology will eventually fundamentally change the entire structure of the lighting industry. It will affect the entire production chain - from the development of new promising technologies to the marketing of finished products.
With the capture of the general lighting market by LED technology, major changes are coming to the mining industry. The technique for manufacturing LED light sources is fundamentally different from the production of all the others - incandescent, fluorescent, gas discharge and others.
This will lead to the development of new types of industrial production, as well as a revolution in the traditional structure of the existing industry. In the past, limited by the possibilities of red and low-brightness green LEDs, the lighting market occupied a modest niche. Over the past 15 years, since the invention of blue LEDs in 1995, the balance of power has changed dramatically. From 1995 to 2005, after an intense information war, the entire production of ultra-bright white LEDs was concentrated in the hands of a handful of companies protected by relevant patents.
From 2005 to 2010, the main area of application for LEDs was the backlighting of mobile phones and laptops. Some Korean and Chinese companies, having received a license from the big five, have recaptured a piece of the market for themselves thanks to the ability to produce cheaper LED products. In 2010, with the increase in the overall brightness of LEDs, the first large LCD TVs with LED backlight appeared on the market. The largest LCD panel manufacturers have begun to invest heavily in the LED industry, anticipating a strong demand for their products. They quickly bought up the MOS hydride epitaxy plants and in a short time won a large part of the LED manufacturing market.
Most lighting manufacturing companies are looking to carve out a niche in the general lighting market as the LED business is expected to gain weight and solidity in the near future. This trend has become even more important after the stagnation of the production of LED backlights in LCD TVs, and the production capacity for the manufacture of substrate chips and components was reconfigured to the general lighting market sector. And now the participants in this market sector are benefiting, since the production of high-power LEDs requires more complex technologies and special applications than for illumination. However, the development of technologies for mounting crystals on a substrate (multichip-on-board) makes it possible to create startups for many semiconductor manufacturers.
global lighting market. LED light sources will become the next standard
For several decades, a significant market share of traditional light sources - 60-70% - was held by three large players. The production of traditional lamps has long been standard. This means that most companies make interchangeable lamps in standard sizes and brightness. The traditional light source has long been a consumer product, and its production tends to monopoly, which is typical for all consumer goods, whether it be cars or glass.
LED lighting breaks these traditions on all fronts, forcing a fresh look at existing standards. LED lighting is still developing as a new source in general lighting, but it is already clear that the production of LED light sources is fundamentally different from the traditional one. The functionality of the LED module (light source) is the same as that of traditional lamps in conventional lighting. Despite this, standards for LED modules have not yet been developed, and the LED lighting market defaults to conventional standards. The lack of standards for LED lighting is due to its qualities such as durability, compactness and directivity. luminous flux. As a light source, the LED is much more durable than lamps and completely eliminates the need for replacement, which leads to the integration of the light source and the lighting device into a single whole. The design in conventional light sources, as a rule, concerned only the device itself, without affecting the lamps. With the advent of LEDs, design can be much more flexible and varied. The discussion on the standardization of general LED lighting has been repeatedly raised by a number of specialized organizations such as the Zhaga Consortium. The lack of standards harms the development of the industry. It prevents manufacturers, designers and developers of lighting equipment from coordinating and joining forces in the production of finished energy-efficient and high-quality products. For example, one of the goals of the Zhaga Consortium is to define the interface of a fixture (and separately for a module) in four physical indicators: mechanical, temperature, electrical and photometric. Today, all 140 members of the consortium are actively discussing this topic.
The degree of standardization may vary depending on the areas where LEDs will be used. On the one hand, these are standard lighting fixtures that consumers can replace themselves. On the other hand, it is the development of unique lighting solutions for individual orders. In both cases, the entire production chain needs to work synchronously.
Companies that are at the end of the lighting product chain are looking for promising new opportunities outside their areas of activity.
With the advent of LED technology and the general trend towards energy efficiency, many companies in the lighting market, looking for promising business opportunities, have become actively involved in the production chain. To date, the market for finished lighting products is extremely fragmented, while the unification of the market into a single whole is unlikely.
One of the most promising opportunities for companies that are at the end of the lighting production chain is the development of lighting solutions. In the future, this sector of the market is predicted to experience unprecedented growth.
As for the market sector for lighting control components, today its turnover, according to the most rough estimates, is 2 billion euros. It is expected that by 2016 it will grow to 4 billion euros, and in 2020 it will be equal to 7 billion.
Traditionally, the lighting solutions business has been owned by companies involved in the development of lighting control systems. Today, seeing untapped opportunities for themselves, other lighting companies are beginning to enter the field, especially lighting fixture manufacturers. Construction companies are also showing interest in it, considering this area as part of the overall design solution.
A number of control systems, such as a dynamic control system RGB colors are already used in architectural lighting. Color temperature control systems are relatively new and will fill a certain niche in the market, but so far their use has been limited to studio and home lighting. Dimming systems used to be used in home lighting but are now being used in other types of general lighting to save energy. Another trend is the use of lighting systems to control the biorhythms of humans, animals and plants. Due to its good controllability compared to traditional light sources, LED lighting has a number of obvious advantages in all of the above applications.
global lighting market. RGB color management systems
Since LEDs expand the control possibilities RGB color, for example, provide dynamic color control with minimal response time, new applications are being created. An example is the use of concert venues, television studios, entertainment complexes and hotels in lighting. In addition, these control systems are also used in outdoor screens.
Dimming systems are mainly used in high-end hotels, business meeting and negotiation rooms, to create a certain atmosphere in them. These systems, combined with automatic systems switches (sometimes with human presence sensors) are also used today to improve energy efficiency. No matter how economical fluorescent lights are, switching to controlled LED lighting can save even more energy. As a rule, almost 30% of the energy is wasted illuminating empty rooms. And here the use of dimming systems would be very relevant. Another example is gas stations. As a rule, they are very brightly lit, regardless of whether someone is refueling or not. Dimming systems can automatically control brightness based on the presence or absence of customers.
Illumination is used in plants, greenhouses or gardens to stimulate their growth. Food shortages, as well as the risk of contamination and contamination of ground vegetables and fruits, have significantly increased the demand for plants that artificially grow plant foods.
Lighting of livestock farms and poultry farms helps to preserve the life and health of animals. It's more difficult with a human. Light triggers many different mechanisms that control the health and mood of a person, his motivation and ability to solve certain problems. New lighting systems will play a significant role in the Nordic countries, where winter nights last for days.
global lighting market. The lighting market has taken a course on energy saving
Incandescent lamps are currently the best-selling lamps on the lighting market. Their share in the general lighting market (by number of units) is 52% (12% of cash turnover). They are followed by fluorescent lamps, the largest by value, with a 50% share in units.
There are two types of fluorescent lamps: linear, mainly used in office spaces, and compact, which can replace incandescent lamps. Share of linear fluorescent lamps in terms of the number of units sold is 16% (19% in terms of cash turnover), while the share of compact units is 17% (31% in terms of cash turnover). Thanks to the ban on incandescent light bulbs in many countries around the world and extensive government support, sales of compact fluorescent lamps have grown significantly over the past few years. The share of others – halogen and gas-discharge lamps – is 12 and 2 percent, respectively, in terms of the number of units sold, and 10 and 14%, respectively, in terms of cash turnover.
Although incandescent light bulbs lead the way in units sold, they are the least efficient. Their light output ranges from 10 to 19 lm/W. LED light sources are much more efficient: 60 - 120 lm/W. The energy efficiency of other, non-LED light sources, such as compact fluorescent lamps, is 40–70 lm/W., linear (T-8 type) from 35 to 87 lm/W.
The energy efficiency of gas-discharge lamps reaches 115 lm/W. And this is not the limit. Understanding the need to save energy in a highly competitive environment, the developers of all light sources improve the characteristics of their products. The future technology divide will shift towards clean, energy-efficient technologies other than LED until prices for lighting products become more affordable, which is not expected until 2016. While the share of incandescent lamps in the general lighting market will steadily decline to 9% in units sold, the share of all energy efficient light sources will rise. The share of CFL, for example, will grow from 17 to 25%, halogen - up to 22%.
global lighting market. The Future of the General Lighting Market
General lighting consists of seven various applications. The first six - home, office, hotel, industrial, shop and street are determined by the type of location and the characteristics of the buildings in which they are used. The seventh - architectural - in contrast to the first six is more functional, created for decorative purposes and mood formation. The market share and development trajectory of all seven applications are different. They are determined by the features of the application of a particular application, as well as the features of the operation of lighting devices.
Since the number of residential buildings began to account for 70% of the total number of buildings built, home lighting has become an absolute leader. Its market share is 40%, while the average cost of home lamps is quite low. It is followed by office and street lighting with 10% shares each. Lighting of shops and hotels, although inferior to the above applications, the peculiarities of the use of lighting devices, as well as frequent changes, increase their turnover in the general lighting market.
The market share of LED lighting for each application is based on many factors. These are various requirements, barriers, regional, national and a number of others. All of this ultimately determines each application's share of the LED lighting market and market size. Consider the forecasts for each application separately.
global lighting market. architectural lighting
In the field of architectural lighting, LEDs have taken root first of all. Already in 2011, their share in this segment of the lighting market was 40%. In five years, in 2016, according to experts, it will reach 74%, and by 2020 - 86%. One of the biggest advantages of LEDs is the ability to control color. Traditional lighting used color film filters for this, which are very expensive in terms of maintenance.
In addition, color control speed and flexibility of use are limited in normal lighting. Having overcome these difficulties, LED technologies in architectural lighting have gone further, creating new types of applications - media facades. Their feature is the combination of the design of the building itself with bright interactive lighting. This means fundamentally new approach to the interaction of buildings and structures with environment. The media facade gives the building an unusually beautiful appearance, and also carries a powerful informative load.
global lighting market. Housing and communal services lighting
Currently, in housing and communal services lighting, all regions of the planet use different light sources. In quantitative terms, of course, incandescent lamps predominate, while the number of halogen and fluorescent lamps varies by country. Europeans, who prefer warmer light, gravitate more towards halogen lamps. This is not important for Asians, and fluorescent ones prevail there.
The main trend in housing and public utilities lighting today is an increase in the share of fluorescent lamps. This is due to inflation and an increase in the cost of living. However, their color reproduction is much worse, and this is a serious obstacle to penetration into those areas where it is necessary. This is especially true for European consumers. In the housing and communal services sector, LED technologies penetrate much more slowly than in architectural lighting. The share of LEDs in the housing and utilities lighting market is 6%, and this state of affairs will continue until 2016. The secret is that the housing and communal services market is very sensitive to the prices of light sources, and as long as LED sources are much more expensive than others, their share in this segment of the lighting market will remain unchanged. However, LED lighting is increasingly involved in the process of modernization and installation of new lighting systems as the cost decreases.
global lighting market. office lighting
Fluorescent lamps dominate office lighting, with the exception of offices located in ultra-modern business centers and skyscrapers, which gravitate towards warmer light and lamps with original design. The share of other technologies varies from country to country. Due to the attractive price, fluorescent lamps will dominate this market segment for quite some time, until 2016. A serious problem for LED technologies in this segment has also become a “principal-agent conflict” (with the exception of those buildings in which the installation was originally supposed to be LED lamps), when it is unprofitable for designers to save energy. The share of LEDs in this sector is small, only 2 percent. By 2016, it is expected to grow to 30%, and in 2020 it will be equal to 52%.
global lighting market. Lighting for shops and supermarkets
This segment has a wide variety of applications, from supermarkets that predominantly use linear compact fluorescent lamps (LFL and CFL) to fashion boutiques that use both incandescent and halogen light sources in their lighting design. Users of incandescent and halogen lamps place high demands on light quality with a high color rendering index (CRI), color saturation and lighting control. LEDs do not yet live up to these requests. However, every year their quality improves. So, their color rendering index is 90. Once the cost of LEDs becomes significantly lower, then, combined with other advantages, such as low power consumption, less heat and greater design flexibility, they will easily replace halogen lamps and incandescent lamps. Due to the same notorious cost, LEDs still lose to fluorescent lamps, although they are better than the latter in many characteristics. However, a number of large retail chains such as Starbucks and Walmart are making extensive use of LED technology due to low maintenance costs. AT this moment The share of LED technologies in the segment of the lighting market for shops and supermarkets is 2%, however, according to analysts' forecasts, by 2016 it will grow to 50 percent, and by 2020 it will be equal to 78%.
global lighting market. Hotel lighting
The hotel lighting segment is quite complex, from mid-range and high-end hotels using incandescent and halogen lamps, to cheap ones that are content with fluorescent lamps. The share of LEDs in this market segment is 10 percent. According to experts, by 2016 it will grow to 50 percent, in 2020 it will be 80 percent. Similar to high-end retail lighting, premium hotel lighting is also demanding on light quality, which LEDs are not yet up to the mark. However, here they have one important advantage: the ability to control light (dimming, for example). This makes them attractive for hotel chains where 24/7 lighting is required. Coupled with ever-improving quality led light, these advantages can significantly expand the share of LED technology in this market segment.
global lighting market. industrial lighting
There are two main technologies used in industrial lighting today: gas discharge lamps and linear fluorescent lamps (LFL). The share of LEDs in this market segment is less than 1%. Their main trump card is the total cost of ownership (TCO). LEDs can significantly reduce maintenance costs, especially in hard-to-reach areas and high-ceilinged rooms, where replacing failed fixtures is much more expensive. But here, too, LEDs have to compete with fluorescent and gas discharge lamps, which are just as reliable and energy efficient, but cheaper. According to experts, by 2016 their share will not exceed 20%. By 2020, LEDs will be able to reach the level of 40%.
global lighting market. street lighting
Most of the street lighting segment is also occupied by gas discharge (mercury, metal halide, high and low pressure sodium) and fluorescent lamps. Sodium lamps compare favorably in price and durability, but they lose in terms of color rendering quality. However, this will not affect their positions in the near future, despite the strengthening of the positions of LED light sources. As with industrial lighting, the main catalyst for the growth in LED technology has been the total cost of ownership (TCO). Street lighting is installed at considerable heights, and the benefits of using LED luminaires are much greater than in the industrial sector. Currently, the share of LEDs in the street lighting segment is about 5%. By 2016 it will increase to 40%, in 2020 it will reach 70%. The reason for such optimistic forecasts are government initiatives to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. And street lighting is almost entirely owned by the state, which will decide on the introduction of certain environmentally friendly technologies. LEDs have a clear advantage here.
global lighting market. Asia leads the general LED lighting market
Asia is the largest general lighting market. Its share is 35% of the global lighting market. This is due to the rapid development of the economy of the Asia-Pacific region, primarily China. By 2020, the Asian market share is expected to be almost half (45%) of the global one. Europe and North America will maintain their positions at 20% and 25% respectively. The share of other countries will be
insignificant.
The main reason for this distribution is the volume of investments in capital construction. In Asian countries, the share of investments is 35%, in Europe - 27%, USA and Canada - 17%. In addition, the growth rate of the Asian market is higher than in other regions, especially due to China and non-SCO countries. According to experts, their growth in the period from 2010 to 2016 will be 13 and 12%, respectively. For comparison, the growth of the lighting market in Western Europe over the same period will be less than 2%.
The share of LED technology varies from country to country and depends on factors such as government regulation, economic development, and preference for light sources. State regulation has the strongest influence on the development of technologies. A serious emphasis on the problems of global climate change forces the state to actively deal with this issue. As a result, incandescent lamps, which had dominated the lighting market for a century, were discontinued and banned in many countries.
Studies show that the introduction of LED technology in different countries and corners of the planet may differ, but so far their share increase in the US, Europe and Asia is uniform and approximately equal to 7%. In the near future, the Asian lighting market will lag behind the European and American ones in terms of the growth rate of the share of LED technology. This is due to the peculiarities of the economic development of the Asian region. However, this will not prevent it from remaining the largest lighting market with a 35% share of the world. And, according to analysts' forecasts, its positions will only strengthen. By 2020, the Asian LED lighting market will reach a turnover of 26 billion euros. It will be followed by Europe and the US with a turnover of 14 and 10 billion respectively.
Looking more closely, trends differ from country to country. In North America, the share of LEDs in the lighting market is 7% and amounts to 1 billion euros. The bulk of the turnover comes from the lighting installation market, supported by a number of government initiatives such as the LEED program (translated into Russian means "Guidance in energy and the most environmentally acceptable design"). Despite the ban on incandescent lamps from 2012, the share of LED technology in the light source replacement market sector will grow slowly. In most US states, electricity prices and fluorescent lights are quite low, which greatly negates the merits of LED lamps. However, with a decrease in cost, their share will inevitably increase.
In Europe, the ratio of the shares of LED technology to general lighting is the same as in the US and is equal to 7%, i.e. 1 billion euros. The main area of application of LED technology in Europe is architectural lighting. Here it has become fashionable to illuminate the facades of buildings with multi-colored light, where LEDs have significant advantages. The ban on incandescent light bulbs (which will be introduced as early as 2012) is another accelerator for LED technology, especially white, which, coupled with rising electricity prices, could greatly increase their share of the overall lighting market.
The Asian market share, as mentioned earlier, is the largest in the world in both the general lighting market and the LED sector. Thanks to strong government support, the lighting market turnover is equal to that of Europe and America. The lion's share of success belongs to China. It leads in two sectors: street and architectural lighting. Thanks to public investment in street lighting, the share of LED technology in it will increase to 30% by 2015. However, due to housing and public utilities lighting, the overall turnover of the LED technology market in China is slightly lower than in Europe. However, thanks to large production volumes, by 2020, China's share in the turnover of the global market for general LED lighting will be 20%, or 11 billion euros.
LED technology in Japan has pioneered the lighting retrofit sector. There are two main reasons. First, compact fluorescent lamps in Japan are 6 times more expensive than in China. LED lamps are more affordable. Secondly, the accident at the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant led to the tightening of energy saving requirements. However, the majority of the market is still occupied by fluorescents, even in the residential lighting sector, which could be an additional barrier to LED expansion into the Japanese lighting market. In the rest of the world (Middle East, Latin America, Africa), the share of LEDs in the lighting market is relatively small, as well as the market itself. And yet, the introduction of LED technology will inevitably happen here, only it will be extremely slow.
global lighting market. Structural Changes: New Lighting Installation Market to Overtake Market for Existing Lighting Replacements
As mentioned above, the global lighting market is shifting from incandescent lamps with a service life of 1000 hours to energy efficient and much more durable (tens of times) light sources - LED and fluorescent lamps. This trend will lead to a decrease in the market share of the replacement of existing light sources and an increase in the market share of the production of new lighting systems. And even though the average life of an LED as a light source is tens of years, the market will not suffer from this. This is due to the fact that in different segments of the lighting market, the frequency of replacement of light sources is different. In street lighting, lamps work for decades, and in some fashion boutique for advertising purposes, lighting changes every month.
As a result of these changes, the development of the installation lighting market segment will be more intensive than in the segment of replacement light sources, because recessed LED luminaires have more advantages over replacement LED lamps, even despite the high cost. One of these benefits is the ability to manage colors in architectural lighting where lamp replacement would be problematic. Another example is high-bay lamps, underwater and built into the floor. In these cases, it is easier and cheaper to replace the whole thing than to change one bulb at a time.
So far, the share of LEDs in the lighting installation market segment is only 7%, but by 2020 it will grow 10 times. At the same time, such changes in the lighting market will unrecognizably transform the entire production chain. Of course, until the standards are worked out, there is no unification of the production process. However, such major changes will affect all participants in the lighting market, requiring them to make new strategic business decisions.
Lighting accounts for between 15% and 20% of the electricity used in homes today. If you calculate the cost of it for a year, it is surprising that so few people have switched to using economical lamps. Some may mistakenly believe that low energy lighting lacks all the benefits that make traditional lamps so popular. However, while the use of old and inefficient lamps will be phased out, high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED) lamps will rightfully take center stage.
Like most quality electrical products, LEDs will work flawlessly both with extended use and with regular on and off. Manufacturers of LED lamps have achieved this level of reliability thanks to efficient system thermal management system designed to prevent overheating of the LEDs.
High-quality LED lamps can last up to 40,000 hours, which is at least twice (or more) the life of a conventional compact fluorescent lamp, and often even three or four times. For LED lamps, usually used at night for several hours, this means that, being screwed in on the day when a child is born in the family, it will last until the child leaves the parental home and creates his own family.
How does this world work...
If you take apart an LED lamp, you can find many tiny chips that light up when electricity is passed through them.
LED lamp circuit
This array of elements is the answer to why LED lighting is so attractive. Some lamp LEDs emit white light in the same way as fluorescent lamps: the components produce blue light, but the phosphor coating on the LED's surface converts it to visible white light. The ability of LED lamps to easily reproduce different shades of light is a key, but not their only advantage over compact fluorescent lamps.
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Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) | Verbatim LED |
| Power | 8 W | 7.7W |
| The strength of the luminous flux | 400 lm | 500 lm |
| Light output | 50 lm/W | 65 lm/W |
| energy efficiency | 80% | 82% |
| Brightness control (dimming) | selectively | Yes |
| Harmful or hazardous materials | yes, mercury | Not |
| Lifetime | 6 thousand - 15 thousand hours | OK. 40 thousand hours |
| Working at full capacity | delayed | Instant |
| Electricity cost per year* | 5 euro | 4.7 euros |
| *The cost of electricity used is calculated based on daily lighting 10 hours a day 365 days a year at an average electricity tariff in Europe of 0.17 euros per kWh | ||
Table 1: Lamp comparison
LED vs. fluorescent lamps
With fluorescent lamps, the consumer always has to compromise. For example, it will take several minutes before the CFL reaches full brightness. In addition, already at full brightness, the light of fluorescent lamps does not seem as attractive as the usual lighting that we are used to. Also of concern is how quickly CFLs will "burn out" and how their ultraviolet radiation can adversely affect artwork, fabrics and furniture finishes over time.
Compact fluorescent lamps are technologically identical to fluorescent lamps used in warehouses and offices, in an environment where functionality and efficiency, rather than aesthetic considerations, are the main criteria for lighting. In the end, not everyone will dare to install industrial fluorescent lamps in their living room. Compared to them, LED lamps emit attractive tones of white light.
Another disadvantage of compact fluorescent lamps is that they use toxic elemental mercury to convert electricity into light. The presence of highly toxic mercury means that they cannot simply be thrown in the trash as they will release toxic fumes if broken. Compact fluorescent lamps must be disposed of in a special way, handing them over to specialized collection points.
LED lamps do not contain any hazardous substances and are therefore easy to dispose of at the end of their life, thus reducing the amount of municipal solid waste.
Currently, LED technology is competing with eco-friendly halogen, or IRC-halogen, lamps, which reduce costs by 30% compared to conventional halogen lamps. A halogen lamp, like the "Ilyich's light bulb", emits light when heated electric shock tungsten filament. To increase efficiency, the new halogen eco-lamps use a special coating that allows visible light to pass through but delays infrared radiation and reflects it back towards the spiral. However, newer halogen lamps are still far less efficient and less durable than compact fluorescent and LED lamps. LED bulbs are at least three times more efficient than eco-halogen bulbs and, due to their robust solid-state technology, typically last up to 15 times longer.
| Lamp type | Advantages | Flaws |
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Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of LED and CFL
Thus, LED lamps are a very attractive option for home lighting. LEDs are more environmentally friendly and energy efficient than alternative lighting technologies. While they may initially cost more than CFLs and eco-friendly halogens, LED lighting will save you money in the long run as LED lamps have a much longer lifespan than any other lighting technology and will pay for themselves many times over before they are needed. replacements.
New lighting technology from Verbatim
Not so long ago, Verbatim introduced new LED lighting, focusing on expanding existing lines of LED products in both professional and residential segments.
New generation of end-user lamps Verbatim Classic A has a traditional E27 base and the most suitable color temperature for home lighting 2700K and 3000K. Power options: 4W, 8W, 10W, 12W and 13W. Brightness: 250-1100 lm. All new models are dimmable, which can be used to create a more comfortable environment in the home and at the same time reduce energy consumption.
Such lamps are an advantageous alternative to classic incandescent lamps and create a comfortable atmosphere in the home, as well as in hotels or restaurants. 
Other new additions include the elegantly designed Verbatim LED PAR16 Diamond lamps, which are the ideal replacement for standard high-voltage halogen spotlights and overhead lighting. Designed with a bare chip and diamond-cut optics, the 7.3W Verbatim LED PAR16 GU10 lamps are available in three color temperature options: 2700K, 3000K and 4000K. The single-focus optics give these lamps the softness and feel of a halogen light, while the beam is perfectly aligned and glare is kept to a minimum. They have a halogen equivalent of up to 66W and consume less than 87% of energy compared to a conventional 60W halogen lamp. Bare chip LED technology improves thermal resistance and provides best quality and lighting efficiency. 
All LED PAR16 Diamond models are dimmable and feature high energy efficiency. They are equipped with an integrated temperature control system, which guarantees a long service life at an excellent price-performance ratio in its category. The service life reaches 35,000 hours (15 times longer than conventional halogen lamp), which reduces repair and maintenance costs. Their main areas of application are the illumination of shop windows and counters, as well as the illumination of various objects in shops, museums and restaurants. 
The mechanism of human perception of light can be compared with computer system, where the eyes act as sensors, and the brain-"processor" processes the information received and converts it into understandable visual images. As paradoxical as it sounds, people do not see light as such (that is, not electromagnetic radiation), but feel the color temperature of the light flux reflected from objects. It is on this principle of perception that the latest developments in the field of interior and exterior lighting are based: scientists create new light sources based on the fact that the human brain processes not the primary, but the reflected light flux.
Types of interior lighting
All currently existing types of interior lighting can be classified as follows:
- general lighting (a powerful light source illuminates the entire room as a whole);
- directional lighting (the light source is directed to a separate part of the room);
- reflected lighting (the light flux is directed to a reflective surface, for example, to the ceiling).
Depending on the option chosen, certain lamps are used: built-in or suspended ceiling, wall, floor, and so on.
Varieties of lamps
The luminaire is nothing more than a set of components mounted in one housing. For example, novelty LED lamps consist of the actual light sources (LED elements), lighting fixtures, housing, electrical wiring, reflector and microelectronics - the composition may vary depending on the power and type of device. But the main classification feature is the source of light radiation: depending on the option used, the lamps are divided into LED, fluorescent and equipped with incandescent lamps.
"The latest word in lighting technology" - lamps with LED light sources: today, LED lighting technologies are considered the most advanced and most promising.
Reasons for the popularity of LED lighting
Appearing later than others, new luminaires based on LED elements are quickly gaining customer loyalty. And this is quite logical: consuming several times less incandescent and fluorescent lamps, LED lamps are ten times more durable than conventional lighting devices. However, cost-effectiveness is far from the only advantage of LED lighting innovations: LED devices create comfortable conditions for humans, since the color temperature of these sources is close to natural light.
However, new lighting products have both advantages and disadvantages. For example, in low-quality LED luminaires, temperature and current degradation is observed, as a result of which the luminous flux parameters deteriorate significantly and the luminaires fail before the end of the predicted service life. In addition, LED technology is much more expensive compared to analogues on fluorescent or incandescent lamps. In a word, if you focus on new lighting and install LED-lamps, it is more expedient to invest in expensive, but reliable and durable devices.
Light+Building 2012
Modern interior lighting is a multi-component system in which new lamps are only one of the links. Of key importance are various devices management and control, with which you can organize a system of a fundamentally new level, up to full automation.
This year Frankfurt hosted the International Forum of Lighting Equipment Manufacturers Light+Building 2012 (“Light + Building 2012”), where leading European companies demonstrated novelty lamps and various auxiliary equipment.
The latest developments in the field of interior lighting come down to solving four main tasks:
- reduce energy consumption;
- minimizing the size and cost of lighting system components;
- introduction of automated and intelligent lighting control;
- increasing the number of customizable features.
The forum presented a lot of the latest devices, interesting both in design and optical parameters. Unfortunately, the guests of the forum did not wait for revolutionary breakthroughs in the field of interior lighting: all innovations, in fact, are improvements to existing devices; but still, in the area of minimization, manufacturers have achieved significant results: components of lighting systems, including novelty lamps, have become more compact and more beautiful, more economical, brighter and ... cheaper.
Among affordable products are all kinds of sensors designed to automate lighting systems. For example, by installing motion or volume sensors in an apartment, you can permanently eliminate the need to flip switches: the light will turn on in rooms where someone is present, and turn off where there is no one. Significantly cheaper and smaller in size "humanized" devices controlled by voice commands and software and hardware modules.
In the near future, new luminaires will appear on the market that combine two functions: lighting and data transmission. Manufacturers promise that over time, these devices will replace the traditional Wi-Fi. The technology for transmitting data using visible light is called Visible Light Communication (VLC), as well as Li-Fi. Currently, these novelties of lighting are in the stage of testing and approbation, but soon to connect to the Internet through table lamp or a chandelier anyone can. Again, these devices are assembled on the basis of LED elements.
Exaggerated cost
It is widely believed that the introduction of new lighting products involves significant acquisition and installation costs. Often such statements are far from reality: for example, the sensors for lighting automation mentioned above are quite affordable. The cost of their installation is also low: the difference with the price of installing conventional electrical devices is negligible.
As for LED lamps, indeed, their price is higher than conventional lighting fixtures, but the feasibility of purchasing and further efficiency should be assessed in the long term, and not guided by momentary benefits. The objective picture, taking into account the prospects, is as follows: new luminaires based on LED technology are more cost-effective, more convenient and more durable than products similar in purpose.
New lighting in the interior
In addition to utilitarian functions, new developments in the field of lighting technology have a number of other equally important advantages. Separately, it is worth mentioning the styling and aesthetics: the new lighting technology allows you to implement any, while the use of outdated lamps has a number of limitations. In other words, most bright and original design ideas will require the use of new fixtures. Of course, there are exceptions: adherents of retro design or steampunk can still use incandescent lamps or stylized kerosene stoves.
Introduction of novelties of lighting
In order for the interior to be truly beautiful and original, and the lighting to be comfortable, just replacing old lamps with new ones will not be enough. You will have to carefully work out the lighting scheme, calculate the lighting parameters and choose the right places for installing lighting fixtures. This is a whole science that does not tolerate fuss and dilettantism. The Capital Master company urges not to make mistakes by involving random or unverified performers in the performance of such work: the bitterness of disappointment from poor-quality work will exceed the joy of saving money.
Energy-saving devices are indispensable in our age, the age of advanced technologies and increased energy consumption. The increased demand for LED devices helps to reduce the price, and they become affordable for a simple man in the street.
Given the constant price reduction, replacing conventional light bulbs with LEDs has become profitable today. Previously, they were used only for backlighting, but today more than 50 percent of the LED market is for lighting. In addition, scientists do not stand still and constantly develop new solutions. Today, important aspects in development are the intelligence, power and minimum power consumption of solutions.
LED lamps LED SlimStyle
Their production is carried out by such well-known companies as NliteN and Philips. These are thin and light lamps. The main advantage is that the lamp has a heat sink. It has 26 LEDs. The lifetime of LED SlimStyle is 3 years, and the declared cost is only about 10 dollars. According to manufacturers, such a lamp can be used to illuminate an apartment or house.
LED lamps with color adjustment
Philips has introduced LED lamps to the market, which are capable of emitting any color within their radius of action. The set consists of lamps (3 pieces) and a concentrator. In addition, the device is intelligent. The user can control it from a mobile phone, where you can program the lighting schedule, set the modes and colors of the radiation.
LEDs-GaN on silicon substrates
Innovative development - GaN technology. A feature of this solution is the use of silicon substrates, which have replaced sapphire ones. The first did not take root in the device due to the high price, silicon substrates are much cheaper (by 30%). Devices manufactured using GaN technology have high brightness and minimal power consumption. Today GaN is being developed by ARC Energy, Toshiba and other companies.
GaN LEDs on GaN substrates
Another area of GaN technology is the development of GaN LEDs. It compares favorably with its predecessor in terms of color reproduction and radiation intensity. This development is carried out by Soraa. Experts believe that the use of an identical substrate (not silicon or sapphire) greatly simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces the cost of production.
Luminaires Human Centric Lighting (HCL)
A special direction is the adaptation of lighting to the characteristics of the human body. Today there are already lamps in which the intensity of the light flux depends on human biorhythms. Manufacturers believe that such lamps can improve mood, normalize sleep and increase efficiency.