You "re here because you have a file that has a file extension ending in .tex. Files with the file extension .tex can only be launched by certain applications. It"s possible that .tex files are data files rather than documents or media , which means they "re not meant to be viewed at all.
what is a .tex file?
applications that open a .tex file
proTeXT
ProTeXt was developed by Thomas Feuerstack that works with Windows operating system. This is available in four languages namely: German, Italian, French and English. The file size of the downloadable file is 750 MB. There are third party applications included in this downloadable file in CTAN website and those are MiKTeX, ConTeXt, Ghostscript and TeXnicCenter (now known as TeXstudio). Although, the use of TeXnicCenter is highly discouraged by some users. These are some latex editors that can be combined together. In order to utilize ConTeXt in ProTeXt and MiKTeX the users must install a Perl (ActivePerl and Ruby) in the users’ operating system. LaTeX involves TeX and translation of XML and DocBook to PDF files. Thru understanding more about LaTeX, users can productively use ProTeXt. This is a freeware IDE (integrated development Environment) application that focuses in Latex creation and alteration. The latest version of ProText is 3.1 released last July 2012.a word of warning
Be careful not to rename the extension on .tex files, or any other files. This will not change the file type. Only special conversion software can change a file from one file type to another.
what is a file extension?
A file extension is the set of three or four characters at the end of a filename; in this case, .tex. File extensions tell you what type of file it is, and tell Windows what programs can open it. Windows often associates a default program to each file extension, so that when you double-click the file, the program launches automatically. When that program is no longer on your PC, you can sometimes get an error when you try to open the associated file.
You are here because you have a file that has a file extension that ends in .tex. Files with the .tex extension can only be launched by certain programs. It's possible that .tex files are data files and not documents or media, which means they are not meant to be viewed at all.
what is .tex file?
applications that open .tex file
proTeXT
ProTeXt was developed by Thomas Feuerstack that works with Windows operating system. This is available in four languages namely: German, Italian, French and English. The file size of the downloadable file is 750 MB. There are third party applications included in this downloadable file in CTAN website and those are MiKTeX, ConTeXt, Ghostscript and TeXnicCenter (now known as TeXstudio). Although, the use of TeXnicCenter is highly discouraged by some users. These are some latex editors that can be combined together. In order to utilize ConTeXt in ProTeXt and MiKTeX the users must install a Perl (ActivePerl and Ruby) in the users’ operating system. LaTeX involves TeX and translation of XML and DocBook to PDF files. Thru understanding more about LaTeX, users can productively use ProTeXt. This is a freeware IDE (integrated development Environment) application that focuses in Latex creation and alteration. The latest version of ProText is 3.1 released last July 2012.word of warning
Be careful not to rename the extension to .tex files or any other files. This will not change the file type. Only special program to convert you can change the file from one file type to another.
what is the file extension?
A file extension is a set of three or four characters at the end of a filename, in this case, .tex. File extensions tell you what type of file it is, and tell Windows what programs to open. Windows often associates a default program for each file extension, so that when you double-click a file, the program starts automatically. While the program is no longer on your computer, you may sometimes receive an error message when you try to open the corresponding file.
TO CORRECT FILE ASSOCIATION ERRORS .tex
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We've already covered the LaTeX publishing package in a series of articles. These articles were devoted to individual classes and package styles, as well as the peculiarities of working with LaTeX, but did not touch on the issues of using LaTeX to prepare a document "from beginning to end". In this article, we will fill this gap and consider the process of creating a LaTeX document using the example of preparing term paper.
Acquaintance with LaTeX is better to start with documents of a "medium" scale (for example, term paper), since by their example you can learn all the basic principles of working with LaTeX, and at the same time not be "buried" under a pile technical features and implementation details. Naturally, you should first get acquainted with the documentation or book on layout in LaTeX, but if you want to start "here and now", then you can start with this article, which will help you avoid common mistakes.
LaTeX distribution
If you already have a LaTeX distribution installed and configured, you can skip this section. Otherwise, the LaTeX distribution will have to be installed, so you won't be able to move forward without it. Installing LaTeX is a simple task and it is recommended to install the TeX Live distribution to get started. Should be installed all packages available.
This distribution is present in most popular GNU/Linux distributions (package for installing texlive-full). At Windows users MikTeX is popular, and for a Mac OS user, the MacTeX distribution may be suitable.
Text editor
LaTeX document (extension tex) is a regular text file, which also contains some commands for the LaTeX processor. In a sense, this is a program that results in a well-designed printed or digital copy document.
Therefore, ordinary text editors are used to edit tex files. In principle, any editor will do, but, of course, for effective typing, it is better to choose a specialized one. text editor, for example, emacs . First, make sure that the selected text editor supports UTF-8 encoding (the generally accepted standard text encoding for Unicode characters). This encoding should be followed when creating documents.
You can also choose a specialized LaTeX editor such as Texmaker or .
Another good option is LyX. This editor combines LaTeX command support and WYSIWYM visual editing ( W hat Y ou S ee I s W hat Y ou M ean).
Sample LaTeX Document
In this section, we will present the first LaTeX document. To do this, you need to create a file HelloWorld.tex, and put (by copying or typing) the following content into it. File HelloWorld.tex and other examples can be found in the archive latex_examples.zip in the "Downloads" section.
Listing 1. Original file HelloWorld.tex
\documentclass(scrartcl) \usepackage(inputenc) \usepackage(babel) \usepackage(indentfirst) \usepackage(misccorr) \usepackage(graphicx) \usepackage(amsmath) \begin(document) Hello World!!! \end(document)The first line loads the document class scrartcl. This class is part of the KOMA-Script suite, a modern package with excellent documentation and rich features. The following lines load the style files needed to "Russify" the document:
- inputenc- to select text encoding;
- babel- package for localization;
- indentfirst- red line for the first paragraph;
- miscorr- package with additional settings to comply with the rules of domestic printing.
Styles graphic x and amsmath are responsible for inserting pictures and displaying mathematical notation.
The text of the document itself is typed inside the environment document, which starts with the command \begin(document) and ends with the construction \end(document). Paragraphs in the text are separated from each other by a blank line.
After creating the file HelloWorld.tex, it can be compiled using the program pdflatex and view the resulting PDF file helloworld.pdf as below
> pdflatex HelloWorld.tex
> okular HelloWorld.pdf
In principle, any properly configured modern specialized LaTeX editor allows you to compile tex files and view the result. To view PDF documents, you must have an appropriate viewer installed on your system. AT this example program was supposed to be available ocular, but you can always download the standard viewer Adobe Reader. Finished PDF file helloworld.pdf can also be found in the archive latex_examples.zip.
Create a cover page
Before starting work, you should try to find a ready-made LaTeX class that takes into account all the rules for the design of scientific publications established at the university. If such a file is found (with other students or in the administration of the university), then the task of document layout can be considered solved, which will allow you to immediately proceed to typing.
Unfortunately, such files are extremely rare for Russian universities, so we will complete the registration title page"manually", inserting spaces into it, verified with a ruler on a hard copy of the sample.
Listing 2 shows an example of a cover page design that can be used after making specific changes (file KursTitle.tex also in the archive latex_examples.zip).
Listing 2. Source code for the title page of the term paper
\begin(titlepage) \begin(center) \large MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE\\ OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION \textbf(Federal Agency for Education) \vspace(0.5cm) NOVOSIBIRSK STATE UNIVERSITY \vspace(0.25cm) Faculty of Physics Department of General Physics \vfill Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich \vfill \textsc(Coursework)\\ (\LARGE Investigation of the dependence of the energy release\\ of the minimally ionizing particle\\ in the LKr calorimeter of the KEDR detector\\ on temperature, pressure and ~density\\ of liquid krypton) \bigskip 1 course, group 777 \end(center) \vfill \newlength(\ML) \settowidth(\ML)("\underline(\hspace(0.7cm))" \underline(\hspace(2cm))) \hfill\ begin(minipage)(0.4\textwidth) Supervisor\\ \underline(\hspace(\ML)) E.\,M.~Baldin\\ "\underline(\hspace(0.7cm))" \underline(\ hspace(2cm)) 2014 \end(minipage)% \bigskip \hfill\begin(minipage)(0.4\textwidth) Workshop teacher\\ \underline(\hspace(\ML)) A.\,S.~Pushkin \\ "\underline(\h space(0.7cm))" \underline(\hspace(2cm)) 2014 \end(minipage)% \vfill \begin(center) Novosibirsk, 2014 \end(center) \end(titlepage)The title page is drawn inside the environment title page. Environment center used to align content to the center. Environment mini page is a fixed-width box and is used to form a header with captions.
Text size can be increased using commands \huge , \LARGE , \Large and \large(from largest to smallest). To highlight text, you can use the following instructions:
- \textbf(text)- thumbnail;
- \textit(text)- italic text;
- \textsc(text)- capital;
- \underline(text)- underlining.
Vertical and horizontal spaces can be set using the commands \vspace() and \hspace(). Forced line feed is performed using the command \\ . Instructions \vfill and \hfill put stretchable spaces of infinite length vertically and horizontally. If to the left of the box mini page specify command \hfill, then the box will be pressed to the right border of the text.
Team \textwidth specifies the width of the text, allowing you to specify a fraction of it if needed. Similarly, you can use the height of the text \textheight .
There is also a programming element in the example. With the command \newlength(\ML) variable length has been defined \ML, which has been given the length needed to insert the date and month. This made it possible to accurately align the space left for the signature. Although this is a trifle, it is precisely such imperceptible aspects that determine the perception of the document by the reader.
Typing
After the design of the title page, you can proceed to typing. The LaTeX package takes care of the section headings and their automatic numbering. It is enough to indicate that a new section has begun at a given location using the commands \section(chapter), \subsection(subsection) and \subsubsection(subsection).
Listing 3. Text formatting example
\section(Introduction) \label(sec:intro) % What should be in the introduction \begin(enumerate) \item Formulating the problem \item Defining the subject of research \item Determining the purpose of the research \item Setting research objectives \item Setting constraints \item Defining the necessary information \item Detection of research objects \end(enumerate) The experiment is described in detail in section~\ref(sec:exp) on page~\pageref(sec:exp). \section(Experiment description) \label(sec:exp) \subsection(Trigger) \label(sec:exp:trigger) \subsubsection(Random trigger) \label(sec:exp:trigger:rnd)All text behind the symbol % , is considered a comment and therefore not printed. The percent symbol can be displayed using the command \% , and the symbol ~ forms a non-breaking gap.
In addition to the percent symbol, characters must be escaped { } $ & # _ . The symbol is also special \ .
Environment enumerate generates an enumerated enum. Similarly, an unordered enumeration is created using the environment itemize .
Pay attention to the labels set with the command \label after the headings. Using these labels, you can use the commands \ref and \pageref refer to the number and page of the relevant section. To set the correct numbering in references, the compiler will need to perform two passes:
> pdflatex Kurs.tex
> pdflatex Kurs.tex
An example of a source LaTeX document Kurs.tex and the final PDF courses.pdf can be found in the archive latex_examples.zip. All subsequent listings are also duplicated there.
Maths
As has been repeatedly mentioned in the articles in the series "Catalogue of classes and styles of LaTeX", this publishing package was initially optimized for a set of mathematical publications. But before we start typing mathematical expressions, we have to learn the corresponding TeX notation.
Listing 4. Math notation example
Solution of the quadratic equation \(ax^2+bx+c=0\): \begin(equation)\label(eq:solv) x_(1,2)=\frac(-b\pm\sqrt(b^2- 4ac))(2a) \end(equation) You can refer to equation~\eqref(eq:solv).Any book on LaTeX has a chapter with a detailed explanation of TeX notation, by the way, the same notation is also used in WikiPedia for typing formulas.
Insert pictures
Image files should be prepared outside of LaTeX using specialized graphic editors. If the compiler is pdflatex from the current LaTeX distributions, you can insert both vector images in eps and pdf formats, and raster images in jpeg and png formats into a document. Whenever possible, it is best to use vector formats, as they allow themselves to be scaled without compromising image quality.
To insert a file KEDR.pdf(is in the archive latex_examples.zip for experimentation) it must be placed in the directory where the source tex file is already located ( Kurs.tex). Inserting an image into a document is done as shown in Listing 5.
Listing 5. Inserting an image into a LaTeX document
\begin(figure) \centering \includegraphics(KEDR) \caption(KEDR detector)\label(fig:KEDR) \end(figure) The scheme of the KEDR detector is shown in Fig.~\ref(fig:KEDR).Team \include graphics inserts an image, and the command \caption forms a signature to it. Environment figures is "floating", and therefore can position the picture with the caption in the most successful way. But if there are a lot of pictures, then LaTeX may not be able to cope with this, and then it is better to form bundles from several commands \include graphics within one element figures .
Insert code
To add unformatted text fragments (for example, program code) in LaTeX - it's best to use the environment verbatim, as shown in Listing 6.
Listing 6. An example of including plain text in a LaTeX document
\begin(verbatim) for alpha:=-90 step 3 until 0: label(btex IBM developerWorks etex scaled (5*(1+alpha/100)) rotated alpha,(0,0)) withcolor (max(1+alpha /45.0)*red+ min(-alpha/45.2+alpha/45)*green+ max(-alpha/45-1.0)*blue); endfor; \end(verbatim)In the "Catalogue of LaTeX Classes and Styles" series, many packages are described that specialize in the design of algorithms and program code.
Bibliography
At the end of any scientific work there must be a bibliography, which is easiest to create using the environment the bibliography, as shown in Listing 7.
Listing 7. Creating a bibliography
\begin(thebibliography)(9) \bibitem(Knuth-2003)Knut D.E. All about \TeX. \newblock --- Moscow: Ed. Williams, 2003. 550~p. \bibitem(Baldin-2008) Baldin E.M. Computer typography \LaTeX. \newblock --- St. Petersburg: Ed. BHV-Petersburg, 2008. 302~p. \end(thebibliography)Teams \bibitem form bibliographic references that can be referenced using the command \cite, as shown below (you can link even from those fragments of text that are located above the link definition):
To study the "insides" of \TeX(), it is necessary
study~\cite(Knuth-2003), and to use \LaTeX() it is better
read~\cite(Baldin-2008).
Conclusion
Designing a document in such a way that it is pleasant and easy to read is not as simple a task as it seems at first. The LaTeX package allows you to get an acceptable result in a reasonable period of time without the need to involve a layout specialist. However, to create complex texts, you still need to spend time learning the possibilities of LaTeX. Fortunately, there is a wealth of information available for LaTeX, both on the package itself and on its classes and styles. We hope that this article introducing the basics of layout in LaTeX will encourage you to continue learning LaTeX to unlock the full potential of this package.
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TEX Document File Format
Files that have the .tex extension are text documents created with the LaTeX program. LaTex is a typing program that allows the user to create high quality documents with various tables, diagrams and drawings. Unlike word processing programs such as Microsoft Word or Apple Pages, TEX documents are mostly used by the scientific community. They are used for simple documents and articles, as well as for books and other technical publications.
Technical information about TEX files
TEX documents are used in computing, engineering, physics, experimental linguistics, and several other fields because of the high quality of the documents produced and the ability of TEX files to contain more than just plain text. TEX documents support the inclusion of complex mathematical expressions, graphs, and other industry symbols. LaTeX program, developed in 1985, in this moment maintained, updated and developed as part of the LaTeX3 project.
Have a problem opening .tex files? We collect information about file formats and we can tell you what TEX files are for. Additionally, we recommend programs that are most suitable for opening or converting such files.
What is the .TEX file format for?
Extension .tex predominantly denotes the file type/format "LaTeX/TeX Document" ( .tex). LaTeX ("Latex") is an open/free cross-platform system and typography markup language based on TeX ("Tech"). LaTeX/TeX documents use special tags to define the internal logic and structure of the document, regardless of how this document will look on the outside. As one of the best recording and visualization tools complex formulas LaTeX/TeX maintains a steady popularity in the scientific and academic environment.
File .tex contains source TeX document, supplemented and extended by the use of macros and LaTeX extension packages. Before a document can be rendered visually, LaTeX/TeX source code must be parsed, processed, and executed. Control appearance documents .tex implemented through LaTeX styles.
TEX documents can be created both by direct text editing and with the help of specialized LaTeX/TeX software. With LaTeX editors and a number of separate utilities, TEX files can be "rendered" (compiled) into HTML, PDF, and other formats. There is a great variety of LaTeX/TeX editors for almost all platforms, with most of them in the Unix/Linux world.
In addition, the extension .tex(short for "Texture") is also used to refer to various bitmap texture files. Such files .tex used by many computer games and are, in fact, compressed containers containing multiple images in DXT format (eg DXT5-D2) or other texture formats that are used by the "engines" of such games. Depending on the actual file format, there are utilities for extracting, editing, and packaging textures in TEX files. Besides games, texture files .tex also used by several graphics editors.