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Informatization and communication in the Russian Federation. Informatization of the Russian Federation. State information resources include

The main Russian IT project of recent years has been the transition to the provision of public services in electronic form. From July 1, 2012, all regions and municipalities began a gradual transition to electronic interdepartmental interaction. And by 2018, in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 601 of May 7, 2012, 70% of all public services should be provided electronically.

All over the world, government initiatives are the main engine for the development of informatization in the country. Russia is no exception. The State Program "Information Society (2011-2020)", as well as a number of other regional and departmental programs, had a significant impact on the level of use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the country and led to tangible results.

In 2011, in the global ranking "ICT Development Index" Russia rose by 2 lines, moving to 38th place from 40th, which the domestic ICT industry occupied in 2010, and also rose to 27th place in the rating prepared by the UN, in terms of the level of development of electronic governments in the world.

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia is carrying out systematic work aimed at improving the quality and level of accessibility of state and municipal services in electronic form, the possibility of obtaining them on the principle of "one stop shop", ensuring interdepartmental electronic interaction, increasing the openness of state bodies and the participation of citizens in the adoption of state decisions (“Open Government”), as well as increasing the efficiency of spending budget funds on ICT in government bodies.

To solve these problems, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia has developed new approaches to the coordination of activities in the field of ICT. The necessary methodological base was formed to coordinate the creation and use of ICT by government agencies, a system of targets and indicators was created for planning budgets for informatization activities that affect the quality of public services. Also, technical and organizational support was organized to solve systemic problems in the field of ICT.

As part of the development of ICT in government agencies, a number of key areas can be identified:

Unified Register of Population;
Geocode of buildings and households;
Electronic signature;
Unified data transmission network for government agencies;
Cloud computing for government agencies;
Document flow of federal executive authorities;
Federal portal of managerial personnel;
Independent registrar of documents of federal executive authorities;
Independent registrar of electronic trading activities;
Electronic register of licenses;
Unified register of financial security;
Unified register of collateral;
Unified archive of digitized and electronic documents;
Register of all social infrastructure facilities;
Manageability of Federal State Unitary Enterprises and OJSC;
Open data;
Free software in government agencies;
ICT training for civil servants;
e-health;
GAS "Management";
GAS "Vybory";
GIS "Housing and Public Utilities";
GIS "Territorial planning";
GIS "Funeral and burial activity";
AIS "Road Safety";
Distribution of driver's license numbers;
Electronic passports;
Protection of personal information.

In order to form the regulatory framework for the legal informatization of Russia and ensure the implementation of the Decree of the President Russian Federation dated April 23, 1993 N 477 "On Measures to Accelerate the Establishment of Legal Information Centers" I decide:

Approve the attached Concept of Legal Informatization of Russia.

The president

Moscow Kremlin

Concept
legal informatization of Russia
(approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 28, 1993 N 966)

With changes and additions from:

I. Fundamentals

This Concept of legal informatization of Russia was developed on the initiative of the State Legal Department of the President of the Russian Federation, which, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 4, 1992 N 363, functions as the general customer of legal information systems, in order to enhance the process of creating state legal information systems.

The rapid qualitative renewal of society, the formation of a market economy, the construction of a democratic rule of law - these and many other problems bring to the fore the solution of a global task - the formation in Russia of a single information and legal space that ensures legal awareness of all structures of society and each citizen separately, because the legal education is necessary to grow up in a democracy.

The convenient distribution and use of information to meet social needs is perhaps the most important advantage in the world around us, and, as a result, as a result of improving information communications within and between different social groups society can develop more dynamically.

The progressive development of democracy is possible only when there is more or less strong agreement among citizens, when they are brought together by common views, attitudes, and information. A modern information system should give citizens confidence in the quality of their knowledge, in a real ability to influence social processes. Decisions that turn out to be wrong are most often the result of a lack of objective information, and not a lack of competence or inefficient use of the available information that got into the official information channels.

Meanwhile, today there is an extremely acute shortage of even elementary information and legal services, which, along with other factors, has a very serious negative impact on public legal consciousness and the rule of law in Russia. The absence of a developed information system in the legal sphere deprives citizens of the opportunity to effectively participate through democratic institutions in decision-making due to the unavailability of relevant information.

The problem is that the state not only does not provide citizens with the opportunity to receive information about the current legislation, but also does not have enough effective systems legal information.

It is necessary to create effective mechanisms that ensure, through better legal awareness of citizens, an increase in the effectiveness of law and its application, and thereby strengthen what could be called "the legal density of society". This goal will be greatly facilitated by the legal informatization of society, based on the solution of a two-pronged task: the informatization of the legal sphere, on the one hand, and the provision of legislative regulation of legal relations in the field of informatization, on the other.

The legal informatization of Russia is understood as the process of creating optimal conditions for the fullest possible satisfaction of the information and legal needs of state and public structures, enterprises, organizations, institutions and citizens based on the effective organization and use of information resources using advanced technologies.

Ways to improve the process of legal informatization of society are diverse, therefore, it is necessary to clearly define the goals, methods of organizational forms for solving the task, i.e. formation of its scientific foundations.

Legal informatization is carried out simultaneously in the following areas:

informatization of law-making activity;

informatization of law enforcement activities;

legal support of informatization processes.

The state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of the formation and use of legal information resources and the provision of these resources with the needs of the country's social and economic development is carried out taking into account the interests of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, trends in international cooperation in the field of legal informatics, and the real possibilities of the informatization industry in a market economy.

II. Goals and objectives of legal informatization

The main goals of legal informatization are:

information and legal support for the internal activities of state bodies;

information and legal support of subjects external to state bodies, including individuals;

preservation and structuring of the information legal field.

To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

development of the foundations of state policy in the field of formation and use of information and legal resources;

development of the industry of legal informatization;

coordination of work on the formation and use of information resources of the Russian Federation;

ensuring the use of a common communication environment, a single complex of interrelated information technologies for maintaining reference banks of legal information and other necessary components infrastructure of legal informatization, as well as support for the development of the sphere of legal information services in market conditions;

organization and financing of work on informatization of the legal sphere;

security information security, the right to information;

ensuring certification and licensing of information resources and information services in the legal sphere;

ensuring the exchange of legal information by banks at various levels in a single information and legal space;

creation of scientific and technical products of legal informatization based on the latest information technologies;

organization and implementation of international cooperation in the field of formation and use of legal information resources;

preparation of normative acts and normative and technical documentation in the field of legal informatization.

Informatization of the legal sphere is carried out by creating a reference geographically decentralized legal framework used in the national information space. The whole set of interconnected subsystems of legal information, implemented in the form of a geographically distributed network of stationary and replicated banks of all types of regulations, other legal and social information, forms the Russian automated system of information and legal support for law-making and law-realization activities, legal education and upbringing (hereinafter referred to as RASIPO).

It is obvious that such a global system can only be built as a multi-level one, starting from a common heterogeneous telecommunications network of the highest bodies of state power and administration, uniting local networks of reference banks of legal information, and ending with regional networks associated with basic regional centers, taking into account possible evolution as individual components and the system as a whole and with the obligatory coordination of interests of all levels.

Bodies of state power and administration, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation form and update reference banks of only those legal acts that they themselves adopt (a reference bank is understood as a set of reference electronic copies legal acts), and transfer copies of these banks and changes to them to the central and regional nodes of the legal information system.

A legal information system node is a legal entity that is licensed to distribute or provide access to certified legal information.

The work of organizing integrated banks of regulations formed from copies of standard banks, as well as providing prompt access to them for users of other levels of the system, should be entrusted to the central node of the legal information system, whose functions in accordance with the order of the President of the Russian Federation of September 24, 1992 No. N 536-rp is performed by the scientific and technical center of legal information "System" (hereinafter referred to as the STC "System").

The main volume of work to provide legal information to a wide range of consumers will have to be performed by regional nodes of legal information. Their functions include:

obtaining copies of standard banks of regulations and their changes, organizing and maintaining copies of banks;

organization, accumulation, storage and maintenance of acts of local authorities and administration of the region;

organization and implementation of information search at the request of users in local and remote modes;

organization and implementation of work on legal informatization of the region;

advisory assistance to consumers in the region on legal issues.

The system should be open to include new, both central and regional nodes.

For all nodes of the system, a unified complex technology for processing legal information should be developed, including input and preliminary processing (formal and logical control) of data, their semantic and linguistic processing, storage, restoration and duplication of information and, finally, prompt provision of information to consumers.

III. Information and legal field

The value of any information system is determined primarily by its information resources, and the sources of legal information are not only the holders of standard banks of regulations, but also regional centers of legal information. The effectiveness of the functioning of the information and legal system largely depends on the completeness and reliability of information and the regularity of its receipt not only from central, but also from regional sources. Therefore, it is advisable to strengthen the work on informatization at the regional level and solve this problem from two sides at the same time: from the center and regional support zones of informatization, which are both the basic centers of legal information of the regions and communication systems for transit data transportation for regional networks. The principle of integrated coordinated development of all elements of the system should become fundamental for the formation and improvement of a unified information technology in the field of law. At the same time, the current state of affairs in the informatization of legal activity is taken as the initial conditions.

Thus, a nationwide system of legal information should be built on the basis of an information-logical model that takes into account the different levels of theoretical and practical preparedness and technical equipment of all potential subscribers of the system and allows solving a wide variety of issues from very special technical, mathematical and constructive design problems to extremely complex political ones. , legal, social, financial, labor and ethical issues relevant to our lives today.

The information resources of the Russian Federation in the legal sphere are fundamentally open. The exception is information resources classified in accordance with the legislation as restricted access categories. The order of access to open information resources is determined by the holder of the data bank.

State bodies responsible for the formation and use of legal information provide conditions for its prompt and complete provision to users.

In the process of implementing the system of legal information, it is necessary to integrate information funds, banks and bases of normative acts in the general information and legal field.

According to the degree of representativeness of banks of normative acts in RASIPO, 5 levels can be distinguished:

1st level - reference banks of legal acts of the highest bodies of state power and administration;

2nd level - reference banks of legal acts of the central bodies of the federal executive power of the Russian Federation;

3rd level - reference banks of legal acts of state bodies of the subjects of the Federation;

4th level - local banks of legal information of regional authorities and administration;

The 5th level unites local, thematic and other banks and databases of individual organizations, enterprises and institutions representing a wide range of users.

The entire set of reference, local and thematic banks of legal acts of all levels, as well as the set of international legal acts affecting the interests of Russia, forms the Russian integrated geographically distributed bank of legal information that adequately reflects the state of objects and their relations in the subject area under consideration.

An integrated communication network as a single material base that implements the entire set of processes for processing and consuming information on all aspects of legal activity is the most important element of RACIPO and ensures the functioning of a geographically distributed data bank and its interaction with external systems of the CIS member states and international organizations.

Informatization of the legal sphere should ensure the streamlining and systematization of information and legal resources in law-making and law enforcement activities, which is possible only as a result of the active participation of state structures in the processes of formation and updating of banks of legal information.

Information and legal resources of the Russian Federation should be formed from banks of existing legal acts adopted by the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, the central bodies of the federal executive power, public authorities and administration of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments.

Based on the existing state-territorial structure of the Russian Federation, the desire to bring the bank closer to consumers in the regions, and also given the limited bandwidth of information transmission channels, it is advisable to organize the structure of RASIPO in the form of a network of distributed banks of normative acts of three categories:

reference banks of normative acts;

powerful central banks for replicating regulations and providing information about them to state bodies, territories and regions of Russia;

regional banks of regulations to provide legal information to regions and territories.

RASIPO as a complex polythematic system constitutes the main part of the information and legal resources of the Russian Federation and affects the interests of all structures of the state and society, its facilities should be available to almost all citizens of Russia. Therefore, within the framework of the organizational and legal support of legal informatization, it is necessary to distribute the competence of state bodies for the formation and use of these resources, to consolidate the rights and obligations of information providers and consumers, to protect the rights of citizens. The alternative to this is the nationalization of technology, the combination of informatics with bureaucratic power, and, as a result, the danger of the onset of Orwellian social engineering.

IV. Legal support informatization

Legal information centers, providing users with collective access to computing resources and providing them with information processing services, accumulate, store and process large amounts of data. Such a concentration of information gives rise to the problem of its protection and use, associated with the problem of ownership of information, as well as providing the user with not all, but only the computing resources and information subsets allowed to him.

Under certain conditions, extensive data banks of legal information can make Orwell's "1984" more real, hence the possible ambiguous mood of society regarding the "efficiency" of large information systems. Any monopolization of information will sooner or later result in abuse, starting with hiding information and ending with its illegal disclosure. To prevent possible abuse, institutional restrictions are needed, and above all in the field of legal information. On the basis of the known five principles of using information, it is necessary to develop legal acts that control the processing of information stored in a computer.

Only then can we speak of a society based on the sharing of information, all institutions of which will follow two principles: ownership of information and control over it.

The legal aspects of information security are related to the observance of ethical and legal norms that provide for the protection of data from unauthorized access and the prevention of any possibility of their misuse. To do this, it is necessary to legislate the following principles:

1. The owner of a certified information resource is responsible for the completeness and reliability of the accompanying information.

2. The use of information is accompanied by strict observance of the requirements for its protection.

3. Violation of information security requirements is regarded as unauthorized access to information.

4. Unauthorized access to information entails civil and/or criminal liability.

5. Injunctive relief must be provided to prevent data breaches.

6. Citizens have the right to initiate a case (individually or collectively) in order to receive compensation for the actual damage caused if there was unauthorized access to information.

In addition, legal norms should regulate the official attributes of a legal act on a magnetic medium.

It is also possible that another important problem will arise, on which the future of legal informatization depends - this is a ban on the dissemination of information and data exchange between computer systems by any subjects of the Federation. Various reasons can be put forward to have control over the flow of information. This is the "need to protect the privacy of citizens", and the classic argument in favor of "freedom of trade", and any others that are usually put forward in protecting someone's material or corporate interests. Such an application of protectionism will certainly narrow the scope of use of the system of legal informatization and limit its potential. To overcome bureaucratic obstacles, it is necessary to regulate information processes at the level of the Federal Treaty.

V. Principles of legal informatization

Legal informatization of Russia should be based on the following principles:

vertical and horizontal integration of existing and newly created legal information systems;

creation of a unified communication environment, including confidential communication systems and general-purpose transport networks, republican and commercial communication and data transmission networks, including fiber optic, satellite, etc.;

strict observance of international standards in the field of information and computing networks and communications;

openness of systems, which ensures the integration of available computing resources of various architectures and the possibility of their further growth;

unity of software and hardware, architectural, technological, organizational principles for building legal information systems;

maintenance of reference databases in organizations responsible for the creation of legislative and regulatory documents;

providing interactive access for users to an integrated geographically distributed database of legal information;

the use of a modular approach in the design of computing centers for information processing, teleprocessing networks, subscriber stations and user workplaces;

maximum use of ready-made software and hardware solutions and functioning systems;

integration of linguistic means used in various automated information systems;

exclusion of duplication of procedures for collecting and processing information in information technologies;

ensuring the purity of information channels;

improved ergonomic characteristics;

dissemination of progressive information technologies and promising software products among subscribers of legal information systems;

transfer of copies of reference documents through communication channels to the central working database of legal information:

replication of working copies (according to the established regulations) to the databases of regions and other subscribers of the system;

use of federated server technology for transparent data distribution;

a wide range of multimedia interfaces;

maintenance of an up-to-date list of legal documents and the composition of databases and their replication for all users of the system;

performing system-wide functions for collecting statistics, ensuring security, preparing performance reports.

It should be taken into account that:

information, once entered into the system directly by the primary source, is stored and processed by the system itself until it loses its consumer qualities;

information stored in the system is provided to any subscriber, regardless of its territorial distance from the place of storage, provided that the user complies with the requirements of a unified system discipline for access to information resources.

The implementation of these principles will ensure a reasonable combination of the principles of centralized and decentralized management, and vertical and horizontal integration of legal information systems at various levels will contribute to the effective functioning of the system through fast and reliable data exchange and coordination of actions of its various links.

VI. The main tasks of the legal information system

The main goal of the legal informatization of Russia is to build a nationwide legal information system covering all regions, the highest state authorities and administrations and law enforcement agencies. Given the large-scale nature of the system being created and the need to obtain results in the shortest possible time, it is advisable to provide for parallel work in key areas, strategically oriented towards the creation of large system units and means of communication and data transmission.

The following can be singled out as the priorities of the global information system:

formation and maintenance of information and legal databases in accordance with the hierarchy of the system, including reference banks of regulations, powerful central banks, regional banks and local banks for various purposes;

search and issuance of information at the request of users;

organization of information interaction between legal information systems of different levels, as well as with external databases;

organization and commissioning of the central node of reference data banks, which performs the functions of the head element of a distributed system of legal information, including;

maintenance of reference data banks;

data network management;

security management in the data transmission network;

email network management;

distributed database administration;

creation of local and global fault-tolerant computer networks;

software and hardware equipment of regional nodes of legal information, including a packet switch/concentrator, a functional server and regional databases;

interfacing of central subscriber points, regional legal information nodes of various capacities and numerous subscriber points within the framework of a nationwide system;

phased creation of an integrated switching system;

creation of a methodological, advisory and training center for legal problems;

formation of a geographically distributed bank of full-text regulations and other legal information;

ensuring the exchange of closed and open information between regional, departmental and industry information systems in the process of leveling a distributed database and solving functional tasks of users;

collection, storage and maintenance of intersectoral classifiers and legal information coding systems;

organization of multilevel information protection;

maintaining a bank of periodic terms with interpretations and clarifications;

maintaining and replicating correspondence tables and other means of ensuring the compatibility of information for its exchange in the system;

maintaining a metabase of legal information (database dictionary);

and, most importantly, providing interactive access for legal entities and individuals to a distributed database of legal information.

VII. The supporting part of the Russian automated system of information and legal support for law-making and law-realization activities, legal education and upbringing

The supporting part of RASIPO is scientific, methodological, informational, linguistic, technical, personnel, financial support.

Scientific and methodological support should be the results of scientific research and development on the main problems that arise during the creation, operation and improvement of automated information systems in the legal field of activity (for example, codification and classification, semantics and formalization of regulatory requirements, modeling of the rules of law on a computer, standardization of the structure and content of a normative act, sociological surveys, public opinion polls, methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of a normative prescription, evaluating the effectiveness of information retrieval and expert systems, problems of creating thesauri, dictionaries, etc.).

Information support of RASIPO consists of input and output information arrays formed and stored in system-wide and local databases. System-wide databases should be formed as an integrated information field based on documentary (including full-text) and factual databases. Local databases contain the information necessary for the operation of one or a group of users. When developing information support, special attention should be paid to solving the issues of giving legal force to normative acts on machine media.

Linguistic support includes linguistic tools (classifiers, rubricators, thesauri, dictionaries, dictionaries, etc.), methods and forms of reflecting documents in data banks and knowledge bases, instructive and methodological materials, as well as methods for systematizing legislation and standardizing terminology, taking into account the possibility of using modern means of informatization.

The basis of the technical and technological support for maintaining reference banks of legal information should be high-performance universal computers with a wide range of peripheral equipment and telecommunications facilities. The basis for the technical support of local area networks will be personal computers of various capacities.

When developing RASIPO software, it is necessary to solve the issues of unified choice operating systems, telecommunication facilities and database management systems for all used types of computers When using non-standard general system software, the user himself ensures the compatibility of his subsystem with RASIPO.

The effectiveness of the introduction of informatization tools largely depends on the provision of training for future users of RASIPO. Most of the future users of RASIPO do not have experience with computers. It is necessary to form a training program and implement it in advanced training courses and directly in the workplace.

Financial support for legal informatization in Russia should come from several sources: funds from the republican budget of the Russian Federation, the local budget, royalties from the sale of legal information and legal services, as well as royalties from the sale of software and hardware products developed for the needs of legal informatization.

VIII. Information flows and composition of a distributed database of legal information

The formation of nationwide information resources in the legal sphere implies an orientation towards the creation of a common information space, including in a supranational, global context.

The integration of disparate information resources within the framework of the all-Russian system is preceded by the stages of creating a state fund of regulatory legal acts to provide effective information support for law-making, law enforcement and law enforcement activities.

The subject area of the integrated database of the legal sphere should correspond, on the one hand, to the global information flows that determine the composition of the reference banks of regulations, and on the other hand, to the working information flows formed in the course of daily activities. Thus, the information support of legal information systems of state structures should be developed taking into account the balance of state and departmental interests.

Information support of RASIPO includes:

a geographically distributed network of full-text banks of legislative and other regulatory legal acts;

thematic banks of legal information (for example, about a state enterprise, about cooperation, about rent, about taxation, about entrepreneurial activity, about joint-stock companies, about ecology, about pensions, etc.). These banks are the basis of regional information centers;

operational banks of materials of judicial practice and resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, materials of arbitration practice, statistical information, etc.;

banks of departmental regulations;

normative-legal documents of the states - participants of the CIS;

banks of foreign legislation;

banks of registration data on the status and progress of civil, criminal, and arbitration cases;

operational databases.

The state fund of legal information should be formed from reference data banks that meet the information needs of a wide range of users.

Information arrays of the system are organized in the form of reference and working databases. Reference databases are maintained by organizations responsible for the preparation of documents. Working databases can be system-wide (for example, the central node of standard data banks) and subscriber (bases of regional nodes of legal information).

The analysis of users' information requests makes it possible to single out the following types of output information flows: information about legislative and regulatory acts; thematic collections of legislative and normative acts; texts of legislative and normative acts; information about pending cases; certificates on the appeal of citizens to law enforcement agencies; statistical information; certificates of the progress of cases, etc.

The execution of operational requests must be provided in an interactive, non-operational - in batch mode processing.

circulating information flows should be implemented regardless of the level of formalization and structuring of data. Management of regular data flows is carried out by means of the system, focused on providing strictly regulated controlled procedures for collecting data and maintaining a distributed information fund. Management of irregular data flows is implemented by means of the system, focused on providing unregulated and weakly regulated data exchange procedures (queries to databases, information about their updating).

It should be taken into account that, in addition to requests to the information fund, the system must ensure the flow of information in the preparation of legislative acts, control of compliance of new legislative acts with the Constitution and already adopted laws, etc.

The composition of the distributed database, software and hardware of the system will become the basis of the Russian automated system of information and legal support.

IX. Stages of creating a system

Considering that the construction of a nationwide system of legal information must be carried out on the basis of the highest achievements of science and technology, the integration of existing means of communication and communication and interface various systems legal information, the functions of the lead executor can only be assigned to an organization with a strong scientific and technical potential in combination with developed means of communication. Such an organization is the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

Acceptance of works will be carried out by a specially created expert commission.

In addition, a general agreement should be signed between the central authorities and administration - the holders of standard banks of normative acts for the organization of information and legal exchange.

The stages of creating the system are determined taking into account the interests of users of different levels, the available backlog and financial resources, the possibility of a phased issuance of intermediate practical results and are specified by the Russian Legal Informatization Program. The terms of work should be linked to the stages of creating an integrated telecommunications environment (ITCS).

Stage 1 (1993 - the first half of 1994) - the creation of a launch complex of the system, including an experimental zone of the information and communication environment according to the X.25 standard, which integrates user equipment of users of higher authorities and high-performance universal computers located in STC "Sistema", functional servers and database servers designed to store legal information.

At the same stage, the interaction of STC "Sistema" with the regions is being worked out, the information fund of the system is being built up and applied tasks are being developed.

To ensure the performance of the specified work on the creation of the launch complex of the system, the software and hardware of the packet switching network, the software and hardware of the functional servers and database servers, and the means of protecting and managing the network are being tested within the same time frame.

Stage 2 (1994-1995) - formation of an information and telecommunication environment with the inclusion of regional nodes of legal information, integrated databases of regions. Interaction with information systems of law-making bodies, ministries and departments is provided, networks of subscriber points are formed in the regions. The prerequisites for the interstate exchange of information and legal resources are being created.

Stage 3 (1996-2000) - the development of a nationwide legal system covering all the republics, territories, regions of Russia, the creation of regional subscriber networks that provide information and legal services to citizens and organizations.

A nationwide territorially distributed legal system, in addition to its direct purpose, will rationally and effectively solve the problem of information interaction between state structures, which, in turn, will increase the efficiency, degree of validity and correctness of decisions made on the regulation of various spheres of public life.

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

ON INFORMATION, INFORMATIZATION AND INFORMATION PROTECTION

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law governs relations arising from:

formation and use of information resources based on the creation, collection, processing, accumulation, storage, search, distribution and provision of documented information to the consumer;

creation and use of information technologies and means of their support;

protection of information, the rights of subjects participating in information processes and informatization.

2. This Federal Law does not affect relations regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Copyright and Related Rights".

Article 2. Terms used in this Federal Law, their definitions

The following concepts are used in this Federal Law:

information - information about persons, objects, facts, events, phenomena and processes, regardless of the form of their presentation;

informatization - an organizational socio-economic and scientific and technical process of creating optimal conditions for meeting information needs and exercising the rights of citizens, public authorities, local governments, organizations, public associations based on the formation and use of information resources;

documented information (document) - information recorded on a material carrier with details that allow it to be identified;

information processes - processes of collection, processing, accumulation, storage, search and dissemination of information;

information system - an organizationally ordered set of documents (arrays of documents) and information technologies, including the use of computer technology and communication tools that implement information processes;

information resources - individual documents and individual arrays of documents, documents and arrays of documents in information systems (libraries, archives, funds, data banks, other information systems);

information about citizens (personal data) - information about the facts, events and circumstances of a citizen's life, allowing to identify his personality;

confidential information - documented information, access to which is restricted in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

means of providing automated information systems and their technologies - software, technical, linguistic, legal, organizational tools (programs for electronic computers; computer equipment and communications; dictionaries, thesauri and classifiers; instructions and methods; regulations, charters, job descriptions; schemes and their descriptions, other operational and accompanying documentation), used or created in the design of information systems and ensuring their operation;

the owner of information resources, information systems, technologies and means of their support - a subject that fully exercises the powers of possession, use, disposal of these objects;

the owner of information resources, information systems, technologies and means of their support - the entity that owns and uses the specified objects and exercises the authority to dispose within the limits established by the Law;

user (consumer) of information - a subject who applies to an information system or an intermediary to obtain the information he needs and uses it.

Article 3

1. The state policy in the field of formation of information resources and informatization is aimed at creating conditions for effective and high-quality information support for solving strategic and operational tasks of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation.

2. The main directions of state policy in the field of informatization are:

providing conditions for the development and protection of all forms of ownership of information resources;

formation and protection of state information resources;

creation and development of federal and regional information systems and networks, ensuring their compatibility and interaction in a single information space of the Russian Federation;

creation of conditions for high-quality and effective information support of citizens, state authorities, local governments, organizations and public associations based on state information resources;

ensuring national security in the field of informatization, as well as ensuring the realization of the rights of citizens, organizations in the context of informatization;

assistance in the formation of a market for information resources, services, information systems, technologies, means of their provision;

formation and implementation of a unified scientific, technical and industrial policy in the field of informatization, taking into account the current world level of information technology development;

support of informatization projects and programs;

creation and improvement of a system for attracting investments and a mechanism for stimulating the development and implementation of informatization projects;

development of legislation in the field of information processes, informatization and information protection.

Chapter 2. INFORMATION RESOURCES

Article 4. Fundamentals of the legal regime of information resources

1. Information resources are objects of relations between individuals, legal entities, the state, constitute the information resources of Russia and are protected by law along with other resources.

2. The legal regime of information resources is determined by the rules that establish:

procedure for documenting information;

ownership of individual documents and individual arrays of documents, documents and arrays of documents in information systems;

order legal protection information.

Article 5. Documentation of information

1. Documenting information is a prerequisite for including information in information resources. Documentation of information is carried out in the manner established by the state authorities responsible for organizing office work, standardizing documents and their arrays, and the security of the Russian Federation.

2. A document received from an automated information system acquires legal force after it is signed by an official in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. The legal force of a document stored, processed and transmitted using automated information and telecommunication systems may be confirmed by an electronic digital signature.

The legal force of an electronic digital signature is recognized if there are software and hardware tools in the automated information system that ensure the identification of the signature, and if the established mode of their use is observed.

4. expired. (as amended by Federal Law No. 15-FZ of 10.01.2003)

Article 6. Information resources as an element of the composition of property and an object of ownership

1. Information resources can be state and non-state and as an element of the composition of property are owned by citizens, state authorities, local governments, organizations and public associations. Relations regarding the ownership of information resources are regulated by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Individuals and legal entities are the owners of those documents, arrays of documents that are created at their expense, acquired by them legally, received by way of gift or inheritance.

3. The Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are the owners of information resources created, acquired, accumulated at the expense of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as obtained by other means established by the Law.

The state has the right to buy back documented information from individuals and legal entities if this information is classified as a state secret.

The owner of information resources containing information classified as a state secret has the right to dispose of this property only with the permission of the relevant state authorities.

4. Subjects submitting mandatory documented information to public authorities and organizations do not lose their rights to these documents and to use the information contained in them. Documented information submitted on a mandatory basis to public authorities and organizations by legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal form and forms of ownership, as well as by citizens on the basis of Article 8 of this Federal Law, forms information resources that are jointly owned by the state and entities representing this information.

5. Information resources that are the property of organizations are included in their property in accordance with the civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

Information resources that are the property of the state are under the jurisdiction of state authorities and organizations in accordance with their competence, are subject to accounting and protection as part of state property.

6. Information resources may be a commodity, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

7. The owner of information resources enjoys all the rights provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, including the right to:

appoint a person responsible for economic management of information resources, or operational management of them;

establish, within its competence, the regime and rules for processing, protecting information resources and access to them;

determine the conditions for the disposal of documents when they are copied and distributed.

8. Ownership of information processing facilities does not create ownership of information resources owned by other owners. Documents processed in order to provide services or in connection with sharing of these processing facilities belong to their owner. The ownership and regime of derivative products created in this case are regulated by the contract.

Article 7. State information resources

1. The state information resources of the Russian Federation are formed in accordance with the areas of jurisdiction as:

federal information resources;

information resources that are jointly administered by the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as jointly administered information resources);

information resources of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

2. The formation of state information resources in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 8 of this Federal Law is carried out by citizens, state authorities, local governments, organizations and public associations.

Federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation form the state information resources under their jurisdiction and ensure their use in accordance with the established competence.

3. The activities of state authorities and organizations in the formation of federal information resources, jointly maintained information resources, information resources of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are financed from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation under the item of expenditure "Informatics" ("Information support").

4. expired. (as amended by Federal Law No. 15-FZ of 10.01.2003)

Article 8. Mandatory submission of documented information for the formation of state information resources

1. Citizens, public authorities, local governments, organizations and public associations are required to submit documented information to bodies and organizations responsible for the formation and use of state information resources.

The lists of documented information submitted on a mandatory basis and the lists of bodies and organizations responsible for the collection and processing of federal information resources are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. The procedure and conditions for the mandatory submission of documented information are brought to the attention of citizens and organizations.

The procedure for the mandatory submission (receipt) of information classified as state secrets, and confidential information is established and implemented in accordance with the legislation on these categories of information.

3. When registering legal entities, the registration authorities provide them with lists of documents submitted on a mandatory basis and the addresses of their submission. The list of documented information submitted on a mandatory basis is attached to the charter of each legal entity (regulations on it).

Failure by the registration authorities to provide registered legal entities with a list of mandatory documents with the addresses of their submission shall not be grounds for denial of registration. Officials of the registration authorities who are guilty of failure to provide registered legal entities with lists of mandatory documents with the addresses of their submission are subject to disciplinary liability up to and including removal from office.

4. Documents belonging to individuals and legal entities may be included, at the request of the owner, in the state information resources according to the rules established for the inclusion of documents in the relevant information systems.

Article 9

1. Separate objects federal information resources can be declared an all-Russian national treasure.

2. The attribution of specific objects of federal information resources to the all-Russian national property and the definition of their legal regime are established by federal law.

Article 10. Information resources by categories of access

1. State information resources of the Russian Federation are open and publicly available. The exception is documented information classified by law as restricted access.

2. Documented information with limited access, according to the terms of its legal regime, is divided into information classified as state secrets and confidential.

legislative and other normative acts establishing the legal status of public authorities, local self-government bodies, organizations, public associations, as well as the rights, freedoms and obligations of citizens, the procedure for their implementation;

documents containing information on emergency situations, environmental, meteorological, demographic, sanitary and epidemiological and other information necessary to ensure the safe functioning of settlements, production facilities, the safety of citizens and the population as a whole;

documents containing information on the activities of state authorities and local self-government bodies, on the use of budgetary funds and other state and local resources, on the state of the economy and the needs of the population, with the exception of information classified as state secrets;

documents accumulated in the open funds of libraries and archives, information systems of public authorities, local governments, public associations, organizations of public interest or necessary for the implementation of the rights, freedoms and duties of citizens.

4. Attribution of information to state secrets is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On State Secrets".

5. The classification of information as confidential is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, except for the cases provided for in Article 11 of this Federal Law.

Article 11. Information about citizens (personal data)

1. Lists of personal data included in federal information resources, jointly managed information resources, information resources of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, information resources of local self-government bodies, as well as those received and collected by non-state organizations, must be fixed at the level of federal law. Personal data is classified as confidential information.

It is not allowed to collect, store, use and disseminate information about private life, as well as information that violates personal secrets, family secrets, privacy of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraphic and other communications of an individual without his consent, except on the basis of a court decision.

2. Personal data cannot be used for the purpose of causing property and moral damage to citizens, making it difficult to exercise the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation. Restriction of the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation based on the use of information about their social origin, racial, national, linguistic, religious and party affiliation is prohibited and punishable in accordance with the law.

3. Legal entities and individuals who, in accordance with their powers, own information about citizens, receive and use it, are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation for violation of the protection regime, processing and procedure for using this information.

4. The unlawfulness of the activities of state authorities and organizations for the collection of personal data may be established in court at the request of subjects acting on the basis of Articles 14 and 15 of this Federal Law and legislation on personal data. (as amended by Federal Law No. 15-FZ of 10.01.2003)

Chapter 3. USE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES

Article 12. Realization of the right to access information from information resources

1. Users - citizens, state authorities, local governments, organizations and public associations - have equal rights to access state information resources and are not required to justify to the owner of these resources the need to obtain the information they request. The exception is information with restricted access.

Access of individuals and legal entities to state information resources is the basis for exercising public control over the activities of state authorities, local governments, public, political and other organizations, as well as over the state of the economy, ecology and other areas of public life.

2. Owners of information resources provide users (consumers) with information from information resources on the basis of legislation, charters of these bodies and organizations, regulations on them, as well as contracts for information support services.

Information legally obtained from state information resources by citizens and organizations can be used by them to create derivative information for the purpose of its commercial distribution with a mandatory reference to the source of information.

The source of profit in this case is the result of the labor and funds invested in creating derivative information, but not background information obtained from public resources.

3. The procedure for obtaining information by the user (indication of the place, time, responsible officials, necessary procedures) is determined by the owner or holder of information resources in compliance with the requirements established by this Federal Law.

Lists of information and information support services, information on the procedure and conditions for access to information resources are provided by the owners of information resources and information systems to users free of charge.

4. State authorities and organizations responsible for the formation and use of information resources provide conditions for the prompt and complete provision of documented information to the user in accordance with the obligations established by the charters (regulations) of these bodies and organizations.

5. The procedure for the accumulation and processing of documented information with limited access, the rules for its protection and the procedure for access to it are determined by the state authorities responsible for certain types and arrays of information, in accordance with their competence, or directly by its owner in accordance with the law.

Article 13. Guarantees for the provision of information

1. State authorities and local self-government bodies create information resources available to everyone on the activities of these bodies and organizations subordinate to them, and also, within their competence, provide mass information support to users on the rights, freedoms and duties of citizens, their security and other issues of public interest.

2. Denial of access to information resources provided for in paragraph 1 of this article may be appealed to the court.

3. The Committee for Informatization Policy under the President of the Russian Federation organizes the registration of all information resources, information systems and the publication of information about them to ensure the right of citizens to access information.

4. The list of information services provided to users from state information resources free of charge or for a fee that does not fully reimburse the costs of services is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The costs of these services are compensated from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 14. Access of citizens and organizations to information about them

1. Citizens and organizations have the right to access documented information about them, to clarify this information in order to ensure its completeness and reliability, have the right to know who and for what purposes uses or used this information. Limiting the access of citizens and organizations to information about them is permissible only on the grounds provided for by federal laws.

2. The owner of documented information about citizens is obliged to provide information free of charge at the request of those persons whom it concerns. Restrictions are possible only in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. Subjects submitting information about themselves for the acquisition of information resources on the basis of Articles 7 and 8 of this Federal Law have the right to use this information free of charge.

4. The refusal of the owner of information resources to the subject in access to information about him may be appealed in court.

Article 15. Obligations and responsibility of the owner of information resources

1. The owner of information resources is obliged to ensure compliance with the processing regime and the rules for providing information to the user established by the legislation of the Russian Federation or the owner of these information resources, in accordance with the law.

2. The owner of information resources bears legal responsibility for violation of the rules for working with information in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Chapter 4. INFORMATIZATION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR MEANS

Article 16. Development and production of information systems, technologies and means of their support

1. All types of production of information systems and networks, technologies and means of their support constitute a special branch of economic activity, the development of which is determined by the state scientific, technical and industrial policy of informatization.

2. State and non-state organizations, as well as citizens, have equal rights to the development and production of information systems, technologies and means of their support.

3. The state creates conditions for conducting research and development work in the field of development and production of information systems, technologies and means of their support.

The Government of the Russian Federation determines the priority areas for the development of informatization and establishes the procedure for their financing.

4. The development and operation of federal information systems are financed from the federal budget under the item of expenditure "Informatics" ("Information support").

5. Bodies of state statistics, together with the Committee under the President of the Russian Federation on informatization policy, establish the rules for accounting and analyzing the state of the branch of economic activity, the development of which is determined by the state scientific, technical and industrial policy of informatization.

Article 17. Ownership of information systems, technologies and means of their support

1. Information systems, technologies and means of their support may be the property of individuals and legal entities, the state.

2. The owner of the information system, technology and means of their support is recognized as an individual or legal entity, at the expense of which these objects are produced, acquired or received by way of inheritance, donation or in any other legal way.

3. Information systems, technologies and means of their support are included in the property of the entity exercising the rights of the owner or possessor of these objects. Information systems, technologies and means of their support act as goods (products) subject to the exclusive rights of their developers.

The owner of the information system, technology and means of their support determines the conditions for the use of these products.

Article 18

The owner of the information system, technology and means of their support is obliged to protect the rights of their author in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 19. Certification of information systems, technologies, means of their support (as amended by Federal Law No. 15-FZ of 10.01.2003)

1. Information systems, databases and data banks intended for information services for citizens and organizations are subject to certification in the manner prescribed by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Certification of Products and Services".

2. Information systems of state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, organizations that process documented information with restricted access, as well as the means of protecting these systems are subject to mandatory certification. The procedure for certification is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. The interests of the information consumer when using imported products in information systems are protected by the customs authorities of the Russian Federation on the basis of the international certification system. (as amended by Federal Law No. 15-FZ of 10.01.2003)

Chapter 5. PROTECTION OF INFORMATION AND THE RIGHTS OF SUBJECTS IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION PROCESSES AND INFORMATIZATION

Article 20. Purposes of protection

The goals of protection are:

prevention of leakage, theft, loss, distortion, falsification of information;

prevention of threats to the security of the individual, society, state;

prevention of unauthorized actions to destroy, modify, distort, copy, block information; prevention of other forms of unlawful interference in information resources and information systems, ensuring the legal regime of documented information as an object of property;

protection of the constitutional rights of citizens to maintain personal secrecy and confidentiality of personal data available in information systems;

preservation of state secrets, confidentiality of documented information in accordance with the law;

ensuring the rights of subjects in information processes and in the development, production and application of information systems, technologies and means of their support.

Article 21. Protection of information

1. Any documented information, misuse of which may cause damage to its owner, owner, user or other person, is subject to protection.

Information protection mode is set:

in relation to information classified as state secrets - by authorized bodies on the basis of the Law of the Russian Federation "On State Secrets"

in relation to confidential documented information - by the owner of information resources or an authorized person on the basis of this Federal Law;

in relation to personal data - by federal law.

2. Bodies of state power and organizations responsible for the formation and use of information resources to be protected, as well as bodies and organizations that develop and apply information systems and information technologies for the formation and use of information resources with limited access, are guided in their activities by the legislation of the Russian Federation .

3. Control over compliance with the requirements for information protection and the operation of special software and hardware protection tools, as well as ensuring organizational measures for the protection of information systems that process information with limited access in non-state structures, are carried out by public authorities. Control is carried out in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. Organizations that process information with restricted access, which is the property of the state, create special services that ensure the protection of information.

5. The owner of information resources or persons authorized by him have the right to exercise control over the fulfillment of information protection requirements and to prohibit or suspend the processing of information in case of non-compliance with these requirements.

6. The owner or owner of documented information has the right to apply to state authorities to assess the correctness of the implementation of the norms and requirements for the protection of his information in information systems. The relevant bodies are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. These bodies respect the conditions of confidentiality of the information itself and the results of the check.

Article 22. Rights and obligations of subjects in the field of information protection

1. The owner of documents, an array of documents, information systems, or persons authorized by him, in accordance with this Federal Law, establish the procedure for providing the user with information indicating the place, time, responsible officials, as well as the necessary procedures and provide conditions for users to access information.

2. The owner of documents, an array of documents, information systems ensures the level of information protection in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. The risk associated with the use of non-certified information systems and means of their support lies with the owner (owner) of these systems and means.

The risk associated with the use of information obtained from a non-certified system lies with the consumer of the information.

4. The owner of documents, an array of documents, information systems may apply to organizations that certify the means of protecting information systems and information resources in order to analyze the sufficiency of measures to protect his resources and systems and obtain advice.

5. The owner of documents, an array of documents, information systems is obliged to notify the owner of information resources and (or) information systems about all facts of violation of the information protection regime.

Article 23. Protection of the rights of subjects in the field of information processes and informatization

1. Protection of the rights of subjects in the field of formation of information resources, use of information resources, development, production and application of information systems, technologies and means of their support is carried out in order to prevent offenses, suppress illegal actions, restore violated rights and compensate for the damage caused.

2. Protection of the rights of subjects in this area is carried out by the court, arbitration court, arbitration court, taking into account the specifics of offenses and damage caused.

3. For offenses when working with documented information, state authorities, organizations and their officials are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

To consider conflict situations and protect the rights of participants in the formation and use of information resources, the creation and use of information systems, technologies and means of their support, temporary and permanent arbitration courts can be created.

The arbitration court considers conflicts and disputes of the parties in the manner prescribed by the legislation on arbitration courts.

4. Responsibility for violations of international norms and rules in the field of the formation and use of information resources, the creation and use of information systems, technologies and means of their support lies with state authorities, organizations and citizens in accordance with agreements concluded by them with foreign firms and other partners taking into account international treaties ratified by the Russian Federation.

Article 24. Protection of the right to access information

1. Denial of access to open information or provision of deliberately false information to users may be appealed in court.

Non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of obligations under a supply, purchase and sale agreement, other forms of exchange of information resources between organizations are considered by an arbitration court.

In all cases, persons who are denied access to information, and persons who have received false information, have the right to compensation for the damage they have suffered.

2. The Court considers disputes on the unreasonable classification of information as information with restricted access, claims for damages in cases of unreasonable refusal to provide information to users or as a result of other violations of users' rights.

3. Heads, other employees of public authorities, organizations guilty of illegally restricting access to information and violating the information protection regime, are liable in accordance with criminal, civil and administrative law.

Article 25. Entry into force of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

2. Propose to the President of the Russian Federation to bring the legal acts issued by him into conformity with this Federal Law.

3. Instruct the Government of the Russian Federation:

bring the legal acts issued by it into conformity with this Federal Law;

prepare and submit to the State Duma, within three months, in accordance with the established procedure, proposals for introducing amendments and additions to the legislation of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of this Federal Law;

adopt regulatory legal acts that ensure the implementation of this Federal Law.

The president
Russian Federation
B. YELTSIN

Moscow Kremlin.

28.06.1993 The concept of legal informatization of Russia

THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL INFORMATIZATION IN RUSSIA

I. Fundamentals

This Concept of Legal Informatization of Russia was developed on the initiative of the State Legal Department of the President of the Russian Federation, which, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 4, 1992 N 363, functions as the general customer of legal information systems, in order to enhance the process of creating state legal information systems.

The convenient distribution and use of information to meet social needs is perhaps the most important advantage in the world around us, and, as a result, as a result of improved information communications within and between different social groups, society can develop more dynamically.

The problem is that the state not only does not provide citizens with the opportunity to receive information about the current legislation, but does not itself have sufficiently effective systems of legal information.

Mechanisms need to be put in place to increase the effectiveness of the law and its application, through greater legal awareness of citizens, and thereby strengthen what could be called "the legal density of society". This goal will be greatly facilitated by the legal informatization of society, based on the solution of a two-pronged task: the informatization of the legal sphere, on the one hand, and the provision of legislative regulation of legal relations in the field of informatization, on the other.

The legal informatization of Russia is understood as the process of creating optimal conditions for the fullest satisfaction of the information and legal needs of state and public structures, enterprises, organizations, institutions and citizens based on the effective organization and use of information resources using advanced technologies.

Ways to improve the process of legal informatization of society are diverse, so it is necessary to clearly define the goals, methods, organizational forms of solving the task, i.e. formation of its scientific foundations.

Legal informatization is carried out simultaneously in the following areas:

1. Informatization of law-making activities;

2. Informatization of law enforcement activities;

3. Legal support of informatization processes. State policy of the Russian Federation in the field

the formation and use of legal information resources and the provision of these resources for the needs of the country's social and economic development is carried out taking into account the interests of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, trends in international cooperation in the field of legal informatics, and the real possibilities of the informatization industry in the areas of a market economy.

II. Goals and objectives of legal informatization

The main goals of legal informatization are:

Information and legal support of the internal activities of state bodies;

Information and legal support of subjects external to state bodies, including individuals;

Preservation and structuring of the information legal field. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following

Development of the foundations of state policy in the field of formation and use of information and legal resources;

Development of the industry of legal informatization;

Coordination of work on the formation and use of information resources of the Russian Federation;

Ensuring the use of a common communication environment, a single set of interconnected information technologies for maintaining reference banks of legal information and other necessary components of the legal informatization infrastructure, as well as supporting the development of the field of legal information services in a market environment;

Organization and financing of work on informatization of the legal sphere;

Ensuring information security, the right to information;

Ensuring certification and licensing of information services in the legal sphere;

Ensuring the exchange of legal information by banks at various levels in a single information and legal space;

Creation of scientific and technical products of legal

informatization based on the latest information technologies;

Organization and implementation of international cooperation in the field of formation of legal information resources;

Preparation of regulations and regulatory and technical documentation in the field of legal informatization.

Informatization of the legal sphere is carried out by creating a reference geographically decentralized legal framework used in the national information space. The whole set of interrelated subsystems of legal information, implemented in the form of a geographically distributed network of stationary and replicated banks of regulations of all types, other legal and social information, forms the Russian automated system of information and legal support for law-making and law enforcement activities, legal education and upbringing (hereinafter referred to as RASIPO) .

Obviously, such a global system can only be built as a multi-level one, starting from a common heterogeneous telecommunications network of the highest bodies of state power and administration, uniting local networks of reference banks of legal information, and ending with regional networks associated with basic regional centers, taking into account the possible evolution as separate components, and the system as a whole, and with the obligatory coordination of the interests of all levels.

Bodies of state power and administration, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation form and update reference banks of only those legal acts that they themselves adopt (a reference bank is understood as a set of reference electronic copies of legal acts) and transmit copies of these banks and changes to them in the central and regional nodes of the legal information system.

A legal information system node is a legal entity that is licensed to distribute or provide access to certified legal information.

The work of organizing integral banks of regulations formed from copies of standard banks, as well as providing prompt access to them for users of other levels of the system, should be entrusted to the central node of the legal information system, whose functions in accordance with the order of the President of the Russian Federation dated September 24, 1992 No. N 536-rp is performed by the scientific and technical center of legal information "System" (hereinafter referred to as the STC "System").

The main volume of work to provide legal information to a wide range of consumers will have to be performed by regional nodes of legal information. Their functions include:

Obtaining copies of standard banks of regulations and their changes, organizing and maintaining copies of banks;

Organization, accumulation, storage and maintenance of acts of local authorities and administration of the region;

Organization and implementation of information search at the request of users in local and remote modes;

Organization and implementation of work on legal informatization of the region;

Consultative assistance to consumers in the region on legal issues.

The system should be open to include new, both central and regional nodes.

III Information and legal field

From highly specialized technical, mathematical and design problems to extremely complex political, legal, social, financial, labor and ethical issues that are relevant to our lives today.

The state bodies responsible for the formation and use of legal information need to integrate information funds and bases of normative acts in the general information and legal field.

According to the degree of representativeness of banks of normative acts in RASIPO, 5 levels can be distinguished:

1st level - reference banks of legal acts of the highest bodies of state power and administration;

2nd level - reference banks of legal acts of the central bodies of the federal executive power of the Russian Federation;

3rd level - reference banks of legal acts of state bodies of the subjects of the Federation;

4th level - local banks of legal information of regional authorities and administration;

The 5th level unites local, thematic and other banks and databases of individual organizations, enterprises and institutions representing a wide range of users.

Based on the existing state-territorial

devices of the Russian Federation, the desire to bring the bank closer

directly in the regions, and given the limited

throughput of information transmission channels, it is advisable

organize the structure of RASIPO in the form of a network of distributed banks

normative acts of three categories:

Reference banks of regulations;

Powerful central banks for replicating regulations and providing information about them to state bodies, territories and regions of Russia.

Regional banks of regulations to provide legal information to regions and territories.

IV. Legal support of informatization

Under certain conditions, extensive data banks of legal information can make Orwell's "1984" more real, hence the possible ambiguous mood of society regarding the "efficiency" of large information systems. Any monopolization of information will sooner or later result in abuse, starting with the discovery of information and ending with its illegal disclosure. To prevent possible abuse, institutional restrictions are needed, and above all in the field of legal information. On the basis of the known five principles of using information, it is necessary to develop legal acts that control the processing of information stored in a computer.