Software piracy can safely be called the plague of the 21st century. This is the scourge of our time, sometimes it even seems that all of humanity is divided into two halves: these are pirates and those who use their services. The Internet is a kind of assistant to pirates. Every second person downloads films, music, programs and does not even realize that they violate the "Law on Copyright and Related Rights" to some extent. After all, if there was no demand, then the supply would be eradicated by itself.
Therefore, it cannot be unequivocally stated that only the pirates themselves are entirely to blame for the fact that such an unpleasant phenomenon still exists in our society. They just give what people want - "the same product" but much cheaper. Indeed, the difference between the price of a licensed disc and a pirated copy is huge, but money is only one of the reasons. After all, there is also a moral and ethical side of this issue. Imagine that you are a programmer who has spent a lot of time and effort creating a high-quality, unique and useful program, and someone will download it in 10 minutes and distribute it for their own mercantile purposes. Theft in its purest form, and nothing more!
As for cheapness - this is also a moot point. Recall at least the article “How greed killed two fraers,” published in the Youth Club. And there are many such examples, we just do not know about all cases. Our pirates are not even afraid of criminal, administrative or civil liability.
The sad thing is that very young people who are full of energy, strength and ambitions are starting to do this. And, instead of implementing them and trying to take their rightful place on the social ladder, they begin to look for the easiest ways to get money. But “you can’t even catch a fish from a pond without difficulty,” says folk wisdom. After all, sooner or later a pirate comes across or, seeing an unsuccessful example of some of his "colleagues", stops such a profitable trade.
This problem should be solved not by one person, and not even by a country, but by the whole world. Tightening of the “Law on copyright and related rights”, regular inspections of dubious computer companies, a ban on the media from posting advertisements for the provision of piracy services and lectures at schools and universities about harm software piracy- that's just part of the methods of combating this type of offense.
Is the money saved really more expensive than the pleasure of watching a movie without shadows, listening to a song without the sound of applause in the hall, and also, what can be compared with the benefits and benefits of the full-fledged operation of the material and technical base of your company or office?! Think, the choice is yours!
Dandybayeva Anara
A. E. Seryozhkina
ATTITUDE TO THE COMPUTER AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM
Keywords Keywords: computer anxiety, computer and Internet addiction, attitude to the computer, education.
A review of works devoted to the attitude of teachers and students to computers and information technologies is given. Some aspects of the attitude of students and teachers to information technologies and their use in educational and professional activities are analyzed. Recommendations for teachers are given
Keywords: computer anxiety, computer and Internet addiction, attitude towards computer, education.
The review of the works devoted to professor "s and student" s psychological attitude towards computers and information technologies is given. Some aspects of the student's and teacher "s attitude towards information technologies and their use in educational and professional activities are analyzed. Some recommendations for professors are made.
Introduction
The computer has become an essential attribute of modern education, like chalk and blackboard in the pre-computer era, and the knowledge of information technology is as necessary as the ability to read, write and count. This applies to both students and their teachers. The integration of computers into education has a relatively short history. The mass introduction of computers into this sphere of society in our country began in 1985, as in most developing countries (for comparison: in Nigeria, this process was initiated by the government in 1987). From here, one can also count publications devoted to various aspects of human interaction with a computer in the learning process, one of which is the attitude to a computer, information technology and information technology activities.
The article presents an overview of the works devoted to the attitude of students and teachers to computers and information technologies, analyzes various aspects of the attitude of students and teachers to information technologies and their use in educational and professional activities. Some recommendations are given to teachers, taking into account the peculiarities of these relations.
computer anxiety
A lot of works have been devoted to the research of attitudes towards various aspects of educational activities using computers. The initial stage of the introduction of computers in education was accompanied by a large number of publications by foreign scientists devoted to the study of computer anxiety (computer anxiety) and computerphobia (computerphobia), as the most pronounced form, turning into a disorder.
Many scientists include computer anxiety in the structure of attitudes towards the computer. Thus, while studying the attitude of Texas teachers to the computer, R. Christensen (1998) includes 7 factors in the attitude structure: enthusiasm/pleasure
(enthusiasm/enjoyment), anxiety (anxiety), avoidance/avoidance (avoidance), Email for classroom learning (Email for Classroom Learning), Negative impact of society, Productivity Improvement, Semantic Perception of Computers.
A number of researchers note that computer anxiety has a three-component structure and includes behavioral, emotional and cognitive components. One of the earliest works lists the symptoms of computer phobia. According to its author Timothy B. Jay (1981), computer phobia manifests itself mainly in the form of a negative attitude towards technology. Negative attitudes take the form of: a) resistance to the mention of new technologies and even thoughts about them; b) fear or anxiety, which may even have physiological consequences; c) hostile or aggressive thoughts and actions that are disorders or underlying disorders. This resistance, fear, anxiety, and hostility can be seen as:
Fear of physical touch to the computer;
Fear that you can break or damage the computer or what is inside it;
Refusal to participate in reading or talking about the computer as a rejection of the real existence of the computer;
Feeling threatened, especially by students and others who really know something about computers;
Expressing a negative attitude towards computers and technology, for example, saying that a machine can replace you; that it is inhumane technology; that you will become an appendage to the machine, and a feeling of aggression towards the computer (the desire to bend, crush, tear the punched card), which shows the underlying feelings of insecurity and lack of control over the situation.
Other manifestations of computer anxiety and computer phobia are possible, their manifestations are very individual.
In the work of O. V. Doronina (1993), an attempt was made to answer the question why the situation of interaction with a computer is perceived by some people as emotionally negative, stressful, while others are not. It is concluded that individual differences in behavior are explained through differences in individual ways of perceiving, evaluating, interpreting and giving meaning to both the whole situation and its individual elements and their relationships. There are several types of computer anxiety that are characteristic of different users to varying degrees (fear of spoiling, breaking something; a feeling of ignorance, inability; fear of technology, mathematics; fear for one's health; fear of a new, unfamiliar; a sense of threat to intellectual self-esteem , which manifests itself in distrust or over-confidence in a computer; a feeling of lack of time). Most often, one type of anxiety prevails, while others accompany and aggravate the uncomfortable condition. The author analyzed the causes of computer anxiety and, in accordance with them, named its various types, gave recommendations for prevention and overcoming.
The study of computer anxiety continues at the present time. However, due to the fact that the generation born in the 80s grew up along with the expansion of the areas of influence of information technology and cannot imagine a world without computers, and information technology has become more “friendly”, at present this is a research area for higher education, according to seems to have lost its former relevance. Examining the emotional state of students in the process of studying a computer for eight months, Robin Kay (2008) states that the state of happiness was the most pronounced. Other emotions (fear, anger, anxiety) were rare, with anxiety and anger levels decreasing significantly as computer knowledge increased.
The direction of computer anxiety research is fueled by studying the anxiety of older people due to the forced need to join the digital civilization (receive a pension and pay bills through an ATM, make an appointment with a doctor, book a ticket for a train, plane, theater, etc. ). Not all older people are afraid of the computer. Many people are very interested in the opportunities that computers offer, want to keep up with new technology and participate in modern life. However, according to
M. Sonnenmoser (2010), some get used to new information technologies very slowly, and regret the time when everything still functioned without a computer. “People who are afraid of the computer do not willingly talk about their problem, as they are usually not taken seriously or smiled,” so this is a serious problem for scientists and clinicians. And since the average age of higher education teachers in our country is approaching retirement, and the average age is
professors have already reached retirement, the problem of computer anxiety should also be taken into account by teachers of the system of additional professional education and advanced training of university teachers. Serious psychological support is needed for this age category of students.
In the work (Aziz Shamsa, 2004), the concepts of computer anxiety and attitudes towards the computer are divorced. The author calls computer anxiety a fear of a computer, a tendency to fear the current or future use of computers. Students' attitudes towards computers are defined by him as students' feelings, beliefs and perceptions of general computer use, computer learning, programming and technical concepts, social issues related to computer use and their history. The interrelation between the student's knowledge in the information and communication field, computer anxiety and attitude to computers has been studied. It has been found that there is a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude and a negative correlation between attitude and computer anxiety.
Research on computer anxiety is relevant in developing countries. Alaba Agbatogun (2010) notes significant levels of computer anxiety among Nigerian teachers when considering integration computer technology in teaching and learning. M. Shah1, R. Hassan and R. Embi (2011) present the results of a study of computer anxiety among bank employees in Malaysia, highlighting three levels (absent, low, moderate/high). The levels of computer anxiety among bank employees of different sex, age, race and education differ significantly. For example, women experience anxiety for more high level than men, it is higher among young respondents than among middle-aged employees. The latter conclusion is opposite to the results of other researchers obtained for persons employed in a different field of activity.
Believing that anxiety has always existed due to the innate nature of a person to be suspicious of innovations, many believe that the complete elimination of cyberphobia is impossible, but it is possible to identify levels, and strategies to significantly reduce them. According to Michelle Weil and Larry Rosen (1990), people can be divided into three types according to levels of anxiety:
Uncomfortable user: quite fluent with the computer, experiencing anxiety and anxiety only when working with new programs or when acquiring new skills. As a rule, he copes with his problems on his own;
Cognitive technophobe: outwardly calm, but experiencing discomfort from self-doubt, expressed in strong feelings about his own inadequacy. AT
the learning process needs psychological support;
Worried technophobe: in the process of working at a computer, signs of anxiety appear at the psychophysiological level: sweating, palpitations, dizziness, increased blood pressure. Students of this type require special treatment, and possibly psychological correction.
There are a number of models of computer anxiety. According to S. Chua, D. Chen, and
A. Wong (1999), this phenomenon can be classified "as a complex psychological construct that cannot be fully described from one point of view." They generalized the definition of computer anxiety as "a kind of anxiety state that can be modified and measured by repeated measurements".
Various scales are used to measure computer anxiety abroad. A number of measuring instruments are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 - Scales for measuring computer anxiety
Instrument Number of items Subscale Typical item
ATC (Attitudes Towards Computers, Raub, 1981) 25 ATC-CA I am afraid to use a computer
CAS (Computer Attitude Scale, Loid and Gressard, 1984 29 CAS-CA Computers make me uncomfortable
CAIN (Computer Anxiety Index, Maurer, 1983 26 CAIN- CA Sometimes I get nervous just thinking about a computer
BELCAT (Blomberg-Lowry Computer Ayyitude Task, Ericson, 1987) 36 BELCAT-CA Computers don't scare me at all
CARS (Computer Anxiety Rating Scale, Heinssen, Glass & Knight, 1987) 19 I feel unable to decipher computer printouts.
The tools listed in Table 1 are not adapted to the Russian-language sample and cannot be used to measure anxiety in our universities, however, in a qualitative translation into Russian, they may well be used as questionnaires in pilot studies.
Computer addiction
A number of researchers divide users into three types depending on their attitude to computers and information technologies. Diana Saparniene, Gediminas Merkys and Gintaras Saparnis (distinguished among the students groups of "functionalists" (functionalists), "afraid of the computer
ra/computerphobes” (computerphobes) and “fans and enthusiasts” (fans and enthusiasts).
The group of functionalists included students who took a neutral position in relation to the computer. None of them considers the computer an object of certain affection and admiration, and does not show any fear of using it. For functionalists, a computer is simply a tool for performing certain functions.
The group of computerophobes includes students who view the computer as a source of fatigue, stress, and dissatisfaction. They demonstrate absolute indifference to the computer and feel a kind of discomfort in the company of computer lovers. Representatives of this group do not regard the computer as an essential factor for their improvement and education. They feel emotionally
motivational dissatisfaction with the computer.
Computer geeks and enthusiasts consider the computer as a hobby, an object of admiration. They express their emotions with the following statements: “To live without a computer is like without air”, “If I am deprived of a computer, life will become boring.” Respondents in this group believe that the computer is a means of improvement and education. Representatives of this group show a completely positive attitude towards the computer.
Sabine Feierabend and Walter Klingler (2000) also proposed to divide users into three groups, calling them "PC pragmatists" (PC-Pragmatiker), "PC evaders" (PC-
Verweigerer) and "PC fans" (PC-Fans).
PC pragmatists have a positive attitude towards computers. They are calm and critical of computers.
PC shunners distance themselves from computers. Read and watch television programs prefer without the help of a computer. It is hard to imagine that they use a computer for education or leisure.
PC fans have more than a positive attitude towards the computer. They prefer the computer to the media, books and television. PC fans would love to spend even more time with the computer, as it is the best pastime for them.
The extreme degree of computer fanaticism can eventually transform into computer addiction. This phenomenon of attitude to the computer became the object of research in the late 80s. last century. With the development of network technology
Logiy coined the term "Internet addiction", that is, dependence on the Internet.
There is no generally accepted criterion for separating computer dependent people (addicts) from other computer users. Often, the criterion is the amount of time that a person spends at the computer without obvious need, and researchers name different threshold times (from three hours a day or more). As a rule, such uncontrolled communication with a computer leads to a change in the mental state of people: a decrease in mood, activity, and a deterioration in well-being. Often this manifests itself as dysphoria - a state of melancholy, gloomy discontent with malicious irritability, reaching an explosion of anger with aggression. Computer addicts are constantly in a state of frustration and low mood in the real world. Their behavior is characterized by the desire to escape from reality by changing their mental state.
The authors identify different stages of computer addiction, and in relation to different forms of activity. In the habituation stage, a person realizes that he spends too much time at the computer unnecessarily, and can independently interrupt his work. He does not sit down at the computer as soon as he has such an opportunity. The subcritical stage is characterized by an obsessive desire to sit down at the computer with all or almost all the opportunities provided. However, a person can easily be distracted from the computer and interrupt work by switching to a dialogue with others. In the critical stage, the addict does not need human communication; addressing him at the time when he is facing the computer causes inappropriate behavior, often aggressive. He cannot stop work on his own. The fatal stage is characterized by the destruction of physical and mental health.
Computer addiction is not a dependence on a computer, but on those types of interactive activities that it provides, including through the Internet. It can be programming, role-playing games, communication in in social networks and much more. The possibilities are expanding every day. Listing the elements of the list of additive agents in the formation of Internet addiction, D.S. Zanin calls distance learning. Distance learning and constant striving for improvement are distinguished by the purposefulness of information; a person seeks to improve his qualifications (personal development) by participating in distance learning seminars, collecting information on professional activities (learning for the sake of learning). Labor activity in the Internet space, which implies the daily influence of additive agents on the user's personality, is also a model of sublimated addictive behavior (2011).
The phenomenon of computer addiction must be taken into account by teachers in the learning process. Every addict has a specific situation. Everyone should be provided with their own approach, contributing to the exit from the state of dependence. Of course, we are not talking about computer addicts in a critical and fatal stage, when the help of another specialist is required.
In the work of a teacher, knowledge of the personal characteristics of students prone to Internet addiction can help, exploring which T. S. Spirkina found that such users are characterized by emotional instability, low self-control, subordination to others, sensitivity, timidity, tension, introversion, anxiety ( 2008). Since computer addiction is a derivative of the fundamental psychological properties of a person, it is almost impossible for students who are prone to it to be persuaded to "computer independence" by persuasion. Correction of emotionally unstable states is necessary. The task of the teacher is to give the addict a variety of thrills that are not related to the subject of his addiction. In each specific case, it is necessary to offer an alternative-constructive dependence that is not 100% related to working on a computer and causes a state of interest. Useful teamwork with the use of information technology, involving addicts in real communication, empathy for the achievement and the joy of achieving the result.
However, the teacher's task includes not only the rehabilitation of computer-dependent students, but also the prevention of computer addiction among people who are in the addiction stage. The list of measures should include primary prevention, which consists in explaining and preventing the possible negative impact of long communication with the computer, strict observance of occupational health. Mandatory breaks in work, switching from one type of activity to another. It is necessary to acquaint students with the basic methods of self-education and correction of their mental states.
Attitude to the computer as a multicomponent structure
An analysis of the literature has shown that there is no generally accepted definition of the concept of "relationship", however, many authors agree that this is a complex phenomenon that cannot be observed directly, but can be derived from overt behavior, both verbal and non-verbal. Relationships are defined as psychological constructs that include emotions, cognition, beliefs, and other elements. However, in practice, it is most often associated with social stimuli and with responses that have an emotional connotation.
Some researchers add to the emotional elements individual elements of another
th plan and try to establish a relationship. Thus, the work explored the relationship between the four elements of the emotional component (anxiety, anger, joy, fear) and the nine most important computer skills.
In domestic science theoretical basis analysis of human relations were laid
V. M. Bekhterev (1904) and A. F. Lazursky (1912), later V. N. Myasishchev (1960) developed a psychological concept of personality relations. According to V. N. Myasishchev, a distinctive feature of a psychological attitude is its consciousness: “A person’s relationship is a potential manifested by the conscious active selectivity of a person’s experiences and actions, based on his individual, social experience.”
In accordance with theoretical ideas about psychological relations, their nature, structure and functions (V. N. Myasishchev, B. F. Lomov), one can single out the cognitive, emotional, and conative aspects of the psychological relations of participants in the educational process to computers.
The cognitive (rational) side of the psychological attitude reflects the awareness and rational assessment of one's activities in the new information environment. The emotional (evaluative) side of the psychological attitude is a set of subjective, emotionally colored opinions and assessments about the objects and conditions for the implementation of this activity. The conative (behavioral) side of the relationship is represented by the perceived motives and goals of activities mediated by computers and information technologies, as well as the readiness to implement all of its types.
The study of the attitudes of participants in the educational process to the computer from these positions was carried out by T. M. Krasnyanskaya (1996),
A. B. Trofimov (2002), A. E. Seryozhkina and M. E. Dmitriev (2006), M. N. Garanina, M. E. Dmitriev and A. E. Seryozhkina and (2010).
In the paper, the attitude to computer-mediated activity is considered as an element of psychological readiness for its implementation. The organization and the main results of the formation of readiness for the productive use of a computer are discussed.
The paper studied the attitudes towards information and pedagogical technologies of students of universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The preference of students was found out (the choice of learning technology for various kinds classes), as well as factors contributing to a positive attitude towards technology mediated by computers, among which the maximum number of students named high motivation for cognitive activity and operational control of knowledge. The study showed the effectiveness of the use of new information technologies at all stages of the pedagogical process.
We have considered the possibilities of introspection of attitudes towards computers and information technology.
technologies in the system of additional professional education. It is shown that this approach stimulates the formation of readiness for the conscious use of information technologies in pedagogical activity.
The paper presents the results of a study of the value-motivational attitudes of higher school teachers to information technology activities, obtained in the process of advanced training. The authors argue that in the process of teaching new information technologies it is absolutely necessary to show students the perspective, the universality of the technologies they study, the possibilities of their use in their research and teaching activities. The results obtained indicate that in the process of such training, the hierarchy of dominant motives for studying information technologies is restructured. Among the leaders are the motives of self-realization and self-development.
Conclusion
A positive attitude to the computer and information technology largely determines the effectiveness of computer-mediated activities. There is no generally accepted definition of the concept of relation; as a result, researchers study only certain aspects of this complex phenomenon. The most preferred approach is to study the relationship of a person to a computer as a result of his interaction with a computer and information technology, depending on how computer-mediated activity allows him to manifest and develop his individuality. This approach can contribute to the formation of a positive attitude towards this type of activity and the achievement of its effectiveness, but today it remains insufficiently represented in foreign and domestic scientific publications.
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© A. E. Serezhkina - Cand. psychol. Sciences, Associate Professor MFA KNRTU, [email protected]
How close are you to your stumps??? :lol2:Inspired by this.
Computer threatens relationships!!!
People forced to be separated from the phone or personal digital assistant are starting to worry.At the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, new global threats appeared in the world in addition to the already existing ones. And if the already known ones - famine, wars, diseases, terrorism - were recognized by mankind a long time ago, then one of the newest threats has appeared quite recently, but already sows, if not death, then destruction. New threat human relationships - Personal Computer.
At least that's what experts from the American research firm Kelton Research say. 65% of the more than 1,000 American adults who took part in the study spend more time on the computer than with their spouses or partners, according to a study of public opinion poll results published in The Washington Times (translated by InoPressa).Computer-user relationships are deepening, the researchers found, noting that 84 percent of respondents say we have become more dependent on our computers over the past three years. Harmony is not always inherent in these relationships: 52% of PC users take computer failures as their own, feel anger, sadness or mental cooling if the computer is unresponsive or does not work well. Another 19% admitted that they had a desire to hit the computer.
Paradoxically, in a state of "cyber stress" we seek sympathy from a spouse or family. "Americans' relationship with their computers affects family relationships, as nearly three-quarters - 74% of Americans - say they bring their computer problems home," the authors of the study found.
“As computers become increasingly pervasive in all areas of our lives, our relationship with them may seem as important as the relationship with our partners. And when there are problems with the computer, a person often feels irritated and helpless, ”said Roby Ludwig, a family therapist from Manhattan.
The activity provides an equal opportunity: 69% of women and 71% of men, or approximately 141 million people, use the Internet regularly, according to the latest data from the Pew Internet and American Life Project. In a 2006 study, Pew found that men tend to surf the Internet alone, while women are more likely to surf the Web to communicate with family and friends.
And while mental health professionals have been arguing for a decade about whether the Internet breeds pathologies and addictions, Stanford University reported last year that 6% of us notice that personal relationships suffer because of the computer. Another 14% can "abstain" and not sit down at the keyboard.But not only the computer is the third in American pairs. Dr. Edward Hallowell, a Massachusetts psychiatrist and author of Busy Madness: Overworked, Overworked, and Ready to Pounce, found that many couples are disturbed by the interference of communication devices. Some wives complain that their husbands bring cell phones to bed during moments of intimacy, he says.
Hallowell called it message addiction. University of Florida psychologist Lisa Merlo blames mobile phones for building a relationship barrier. People forced to be separated from their phone or personal digital assistant start to worry.
The authors of a study conducted in 2006 by the British University of Staffordshire found that 7% of users mobile phones blame phones for breaking up relationships, Merlo said. She advises active users reduce telephone conversation time. “Turning off your phone is normal,” she says. “The message will come and be stored there.”
Recently, computers have filled our lives. Now they are in almost every family. We are accustomed to them and we cannot imagine our vacation without this wonderful machine.
With the help of computers, the Internet has firmly entered our lives. It has become an integral part of everyone's life. Now people can't go a day without checking their mail and visiting their favorite websites. The Internet is not only an assistant in everyday work, it is also another world in which there is mailboxes, libraries, photo galleries, games, shops. With the help of the Internet, people can travel around different cities, visiting tourist places, communicate with people.
Recently, many people have been asking the question: "Is the Internet harmful or helpful?". I think there is no definitive answer to this question. In fact, on the one hand, the Internet is a very good and useful thing. And on the other hand, it has many negative functions: dependence, waste of time, money, health.
Of course, the Internet cannot be a great help in finding the necessary information. But if we spend a lot of time on the Internet, we will have problems. We lose touch with the real world, fall into complete dependence on the computer. I think it's important to learn to distinguish between real life and online life. For this you need to understand what is really important to you on the Internet and what is not. And then the Internet will not be a terrible enemy, but also an indispensable assistant. Lately computers have filled our life. Now they are almost in each family. We have got used to them and we do not imagine our leisure without this miracle-machine.
With the help of computers the Internet has entered into our life. It became an integral part of a life of each person. Now people cannot live a day without checking of mail and visiting their favorite sites. The Internet is not only the assistant in daily work, it is also the other world in which there are mail boxes, libraries, photo galleries, games, shops. By means of the Internet people can travel to different cities, visit tourist places, communicate with people.
Recently many people asked a question: " Is the Internet harmful or useful? ". I think that on this question there is no certain answer. In fact on the one hand the Internet is a very good and useful thing. And on the other hand it has many negative functions: dependence, the waste of time, money, health.
Certainly, the Internet can be the excellent assistant in information search. But if we spend a lot of time on the Internet we`ll have some problems. We lose a touch with the real world, get in a full dependence on a computer. I think that it is important to learn to distinguish a side between a real life and a life on the Internet. For that it is necessary to understand, what is really important on the Internet and what is not . And then the Internet will be not the terrible enemy, but the indispensable assistant.
Everyone who has a computer complains that the computer does not work well or often freezes, while the computer itself can be new and, accordingly, good and powerful enough. But often users themselves lead to such a state of the computer, who unknowingly do what should not be done when working with a computer. Today I want to give some simple tips that will help you keep your computer running.
To begin with, let's note what is meant by such a formulation "the computer does not work well."
In almost all cases, this means that the operating system slows down and freezes periodically, in rare cases, the equipment of the computer itself fails, for example, one bar is faulty random access memory or the hard drive starts to crumble.
Now let's take a look at the points of what needs to be done so that the computer does not slow down, by the way, we have already touched on this topic for a long time " Acceleration of the operating system"But there were touched upon moments when the OS is already slowing down or initially used weak computer, today, in turn, we will consider the actions in which you yourself bring your computer to such a state, or rather, what needs to be done in order to prevent this. Those. you have a normally working computer, or you have just reinstalled the system, and you want to keep it in the same state.
Let's get started. Here's what I can advise you.
Don't install everything.
Here, it means that all novice computer users, without thinking about the consequences, install various software, be it programs or games, which in turn can slow down the operation of the OS. How? You ask, for example, you install some software that is configured by default to automatic update, thus you don’t even suspect that the program is in the background (installed as a service), and it doesn’t matter if there is an Internet or not, it tries to update, thereby taking away the resources of your computer, and now imagine that you installed 10 other such programs on , and as a result, the OS starts to slow down. Another even more frequent option is also possible, when, when installing software, it automatically writes itself to startup, thus it is simply always running, by the way, this will be indicated by the icons in the system tray. Therefore, pay attention if you have a bunch of different icons in the tray, it means so much (almost always) extra programs you have it running. In this regard, the first advice is that no need to install everything and leave it on the computer. In other words, even if you are looking for a program that needs functionality, and let's say you downloaded it, installed it, and it does not do what you need or is not understandable, then you must immediately remove it, and not remove the distribution kit, but uninstall it from the system. For example, in Windows 7 this is done as follows: Start->Control Panel->Programs and Features look for the newly installed program, select it and click " delete»
Having an antivirus is a must.
As you know, today there is nowhere without an antivirus, and that this antivirus has up-to-date databases, since even if the same antivirus is available, but with not updated databases, there is no guarantee that it protects you from viruses, or rather does not protect you at all. Why do I pay attention to the presence of an anti-virus program on your computer, because today you can pick up a virus very easily, since every person uses the Internet or, for example, flash drives and disks, and you should know that almost all viruses get on your computer So, yes, not practically, but even everything. And when a virus hits a computer, you yourself understand that everything can happen, in our case it is a slowdown in the operation of the operating system, for example, you caught a virus that uses you for its own purposes and sends spam or something else from your computer, thereby taking computer resources or infects some program that, during its operation, starts to work slowly and you thereby sin on the computer itself, not suspecting that the computer has nothing to do with it. Worse, when a virus brings your computer to the point where the computer stops working. And now imagine that you have caught a bunch of such viruses, or just one that has infected all programs, and what will happen to operating system? The answer, I think, is understandable, therefore, the implementation of this paragraph, in order for the computer to remain in working condition, is mandatory. Moreover, there are free antivirus programs that protect home computer, not even bad, for example, I like Avast Free.
Don't download anything from the internet.
This advice is an extension of the previous one, since almost everyone downloads from the Internet, whatever their heart desires, and even an antivirus is sometimes unable to help you. And here I’m not even talking about the fact that you can catch viruses, although this is also, but that you clog your computer with all sorts of nonsense, and you should know that the more installed programs (or games) on the computer and the more kind of files (even without viruses), the OS starts to access them more slowly, open them more slowly, and accordingly, in the complex you will have the opinion that the computer is slowing down, and why? Yes, because you pumped up, but installed a lot of all sorts of nonsense. Therefore, I advise you to download only what you really need, and if you downloaded, but it turned out not to be, then simply delete the files that you downloaded.
attitude towards the computer.
Many people treat the computer as some kind of simple piece of iron, although this is a rather complex device and many user actions can lead to a malfunction of the computer or slow it down. For example, many people think that unplugging the power cord from the outlet is normal, or kicking the system unit, or spilling tea on the keyboard, and much more can affect the operation of the computer. For example, you do not turn off the computer correctly, i.e. as they say "hot" (by holding the power button and other options) you expose your computer or OS to fail, or at best lose some of your data that is stored on the computer. Since during such a shutdown of the computer, the OS did not complete all processes and, accordingly, those programs (including system ones) that were not closed and, accordingly, those files that were used by these programs, may be damaged. For example, in this article " Reasons for not turning on the computer" There is a point when this happened and what you will see in this case.
I would also like to give an example from life, since I work as an IT-com in an organization, they often call me and complain that something is not working for them, by the way, you can read about frequent problems with computers in organizations in the article - “Frequent problems with computers in the organization ", and once they called me and started complaining that their printer did not work well, and sometimes it did not work at all, since it was a remote office, I went to see what they had there and how it turned out they were when they changed cartridge, they pulled it out with some spare parts there, I mean, fastening the cartridge in the printer itself, and, of course, it will stop printing, and if it doesn’t stop, it won’t be clear how to print, and just imagine what kind of attitude a person had to this technique to pull out the cartridge with the offal of the printer with such force, I asked her why so much, and she answered, “d and we are always like this, and when the computer starts to hang, we kick it to make it work". Probably, everything is clear what I meant by this paragraph.
Don't click a hundred times.
This advice applies to impatient users who, by clicking on the program's shortcut, expect that at the same instant it will open or the file they need will open. Sometimes it is necessary to wait only a couple of seconds for the program to start or open a file, and you click many more times, and thus the computer freezes or, at best, you will run several instances of the program or open the same file several times. This happens, for example, when turning on the computer, i.e. The OS has not loaded all the system services necessary for operation, and so on, and you are already trying to open something else, you just need to wait a couple of minutes for the OS to boot completely. Or it just happens that the program uses a lot of files in its work and, accordingly, they need to be checked, opened, downloaded, which, accordingly, takes a little time. Therefore, I advise you not to click a hundred times on the same shortcut, if the program does not open immediately, wait well, at least 15-20 seconds.
Don't do what you don't know.
Watch your computer.
Even if you do everything that I tell here, this will not be enough, since you need to constantly monitor your computer and OS. For example, at least once every six months, open the lid system block and blow dust out of it, do not remove desired programs, which you used only once, and now you don’t use them, also periodically delete files that you don’t need, periodically defragment your hard drive, and once again I would like to note treat your computer like your friend!
All these actions will help you keep your computer running in a normal state, and if you follow all these tips, then, in addition to a normally working computer, you will significantly reduce the risk of the well-known Blue Screen of Death, which, it seems to me, no one wants collide.