To disassemble the computer system unit, first of all, it is necessary disconnect all external cables and move the system unit case to a lighted and convenient place for work. What needs to be done for disassembly of the computer system unit you need to open the computer case. It is not always immediately clear how to remove the cover of the computer system unit case.

During the years of work with computer technology sometimes I am puzzled. Manufacturers use an endless variety of ways to attach the body cover to the chassis. What one person has collected, another can take apart. Sometimes it takes persistence. Fortunately, most cases are usually very easy to open.

Under the lid you can usually see a standard set:

Standard system unit personal computer consists of a case, power supply, motherboard, processor, cooler, one or more memory sticks, storage drive for optical discs CD or DVD hard drive and video cards. Additionally, the computer system unit may include various boards extensions, incl. modem, sound card, Network Card, TV tuner, FM tuner and more. Also, in addition, the system unit may include various data storage devices, incl. disk drive and more. Photo of the system unit in the open state:

General view of the computer system unit in the open.

The procedure for disassembling the computer system unit may be different.

An approximate procedure for disassembling the computer system unit:

Disconnect all cables.

Remove all expansion boards.

Remove all memory sticks.

Remove the motherboard assembly with cooler and processor.

Remove storage media.

General view of the disassembled computer system unit with the power supply installed in it

Assembling the computer system unit can be done in the following order:

Installation of data drives.

Installing the motherboard assembly with the processor, cooler and memory bar.

Connecting cables for switches and front panel indicators.

Connecting drive data cables.

Installing the power supply.

Connecting the motherboard power connector.

Connecting the power connector of disk drives.

Installing an expansion board.

Checking the correct connection of all components of the computer system unit as a whole.

Closing the cover of the computer system unit.

Connection of all external cables.

Turning on the system unit of the computer and checking its performance.

Replacing the power supply

The quality of the power supply of a personal computer affects the stability of the computer as a whole and the durability of its components. A cheap power supply does not provide stable signals to the motherboard, HDD and other computer devices. This can lead to premature failure of the computer. In addition, such a power supply poorly protects the computer from power surges. Cheap power supplies often get hot. This may cause the temperature inside the computer to rise. Such a power supply is also inefficient in terms of economical use of electricity, which is spent on heating. When the temperature of the power supply rises, output power can also decrease by up to 40%.

High quality power supply keeps your computer stable and protects your computer from power fluctuations. In addition, a high-quality block during operation has a reduced noise level and is effectively cooled. A high-quality power supply consumes less electricity, and the power declared by the manufacturer corresponds to the actual one. We recommend using power supplies from reputable manufacturers only. The price difference is 10-15 USD. The use of a high-quality power supply ensures maximum longevity of the computer. In our work, we use power supplies manufactured by FSP. They have shown their reliability.

When replacing a defective motherboard we always pay attention to the computer power supply. Installing a working motherboard in a computer with a low-quality power supply can lead to its rapid failure.

Quality power supply always has a large mass. This is its distinguishing feature.

Installing the memory bar

Question: How to install the memory bar correctly?

Installing the memory bar is easy. The motherboard has special connectors (slots) for installing random access memory. For correct installation memory strip uses the so-called key. The connector in the middle has a ledge, and the memory bar has a notch. To install a memory bar into a slot (slot), you need to align the notch of the bar with the protrusion of the connector. The connector has latches on both sides that must be opened before installing the memory bar. When installing the memory bar, the latches close themselves. Usually, you can hear a characteristic click. This means that the memory bar is completely and completely in place.

Memory stick DDR PC3200 512 Mb - has one notch in the contact area.

There are different types of memory sticks, which differ in type, frequency and volume.

Some of the most common types of memory sticks in modern practice are:

1 SDRAM. It has two recesses in the contact area.

2. DDR SDRAM. It has one recess in the contact area.

3. DDR2 SDRAM. It has one recess in the contact area.

SDRAM is the most outdated type of memory bar. Currently not produced. Found in Intel computers Pentium 2, Pentium 3, AMD Duron. SDRAM memory sticks vary in frequency and size. There are two frequencies of memory sticks of this type: PC100 and PC133. Often there are 32, 64, 128 and 256 Mb memory sticks. There are also SDRAM PC133 512Mb sticks.

DDR SDRAM is also an obsolete type of memory stick today. Currently not produced. Most often found in the practice of computer repair. DDR DIMMs vary in frequency. There are memory sticks marked PC1600, PC2100, PC2700, PC3200, as well as 128 Mb, 256 Mb, 512 Mb and 1 Gb (1024 Mb). I would like to pay special attention to the maximum clock frequency of the bus. The DDR400 PC3200 operates at a maximum bus clock speed of 200 Mhz. The DDR333 PC2700 operates at a maximum bus clock speed of 166 Mhz. The DDR266 PC2100 operates at a maximum bus clock speed of 133 Mhz. When installing several memory sticks with different clock speeds, all memory sticks in theory operate at the frequency of the slowest memory stick. In practice, it happens that they refuse to work at all or with some deviations. Such deviations are imperceptible at first glance, and sometimes it is difficult to see their connection with the frequency of the memory strips. The main recommendation in this case is to always use memory sticks with the same clock speed and, if possible, DDR400 (PC3200). Some boards do not work correctly with PC2700 and PC2100 brackets.

Example: One stick of DDR PC2100 memory with a capacity of 256 Mb is installed in the motherboard. The computer turns on normally. Begins Windows installation xp. Disk C is formatted normally and copying of installation files starts. Files are copied normally up to a certain percentage, after which copy errors begin. The system reports an error reading a file from the installation disk. When you click on "repeat" copying continues successfully. At some point, the error repeats over and over again. Due to errors, copying the installation files is delayed and at some point stops completely. Diagnostics and troubleshooting take a lot of time, this is due to the fact that file copy errors are associated with malfunctions of the disk itself, CD drive, hard drive, cables, etc. The computer starts working normally only after replacing the DDR PC2100 memory stick with a DDR PC3200. The material was prepared jointly with the site http://www.itcon-s.com/

For disassembly of the system unit computer, first of all, you need to de-energize the power supply, disconnect all external cables and move the system unit case to a lighted and convenient place for work.

Assembly of the system unit PC is carried out in the reverse order according to the same scheme.

Proper shutdown of the biting block. Click on the circle

Disconnect all external cables

For disassembly of the system unit computer, you need to open the computer case. It is not always immediately clear how to remove the cover of the computer system unit case. Over the years, we are still sometimes puzzled. Manufacturers use an endless variety of ways to attach the body cover to the chassis. What one person has collected, another can take apart. Sometimes it takes persistence. Fortunately, most cases are usually very easy to open.

Loosen the cover screws

Removing the cover of the computer system unit

Standard kit when assembling or disassembling a computer

A standard PC system unit consists of a case, a power supply, a motherboard, a processor, a cooler, one or more memory sticks, a CD or DVD optical drive, a hard drive, and a video card. Additionally, the computer system unit may include various expansion boards, incl. modem, sound card, network card, TV tuner, FM tuner and more. Also, in addition, the system unit may include various data storage devices, incl. disk drive and more.

Photo of the computer system unit in the open state

The procedure for disassembling the computer system unit may be different.

An approximate order (sequence) of disassembling the system unit of a computer (PC)

disassembly sequence of the system unit computer:

• Disconnect all cables.
• Remove all PC expansion boards, including the graphics card.
• Remove all memory sticks.
• Remove the motherboard assembly with cooler and processor.
• Remove storage media.
• Remove power supply.

General form disassembled system unit computer with power supply installed

The assembly sequence of the computer system unit is performed in the following order

It is advisable to follow the following assembly sequence of the system unit computer:

• Installation of data drives.
• Installing the motherboard assembly with the processor, cooler and memory bar.
• Connecting cables for switches and front panel indicators.
• Connecting drive data cables.
• Installing the power supply.
• Connecting the power connector of the PC motherboard.
• Connecting the power connector of disk drives.
• Installing an expansion board, including a video card.
• Validation system block assembly computer and all components in general.
• Closing the cover of the computer system unit.
• Connection of all external cables.
• Turning on the system unit of the computer and checking its performance.

The whole variety of RS designs can be reduced to the main five types:

1) all in one case (All-On-Once) - old computers with 8-bit CPU, such as Apple, Commodore, Atary, Spectrum, etc.;

2) laptop computers(LapTop, Note-Book, etc.) with built-in flat panel display and keyboard;

3) PC with built-in CRT display (TSR-80 models I-IV, Macintosh);

4) until recently, the most popular IBM PC / XT / AT and most of their clones have a system unit in a rugged case, a separately connected keyboard and monitor that can be installed on the system unit;

5) The system unit is a vertical design, mounted on the table (Mini Tower) or on the floor (Big Tower), which frees up space on the table and provides easy access to slot connectors and boards.

To disassemble and assemble the PC, you need to have a specific technical guidance(User Manual) for this PC. This will save a lot of time and avoid errors and introduced malfunctions.

Instructions for disassembling a computer, from beginning to end consists of a finite number of operations performed sequentially. It is necessary to disassemble only what is required to identify a defect, or repair a failed component. Wider dismantling – not only Waste time, but also a source of new faults. So it is strongly recommended, despite the ease of disassembly, to find instructions for disassembly-assembly of this particular computer in its technical manual or reference literature. In the literature one can find very detailed description sequences for disassembling and assembling most computers, from PC / XT / AT to PS / 2 models 60 and 80, with access rules to all components - from cards in slots, to power supplies, disk drives and SB in general.

The modern design of the system unit is simple. If you remove the case cover from it, or the side walls, access to its internal components will open.

On DeskTop machines (desktop, with a horizontal system board), you need to unscrew the screws on the back of the system unit, and on Tower designs, on the back, or on the back and side, and the cover is removed. On the system board placed, and, for the most part, soldered, elements of the calculator: CPU, FPU, microprocessor framing modules (Chip-Set). In special SB connectors, there are SIMM, DIMM memory modules, and in sockets (Chip-Sockets) ROM BIOS ICs, keyboard controller (type 8042), CMOS memory are sometimes installed. For early models RS-286, RS-386 and RS-486, a math coprocessor was installed in a special socket, and for some older RS-286 models, a set of individual microcircuits random access memory (RAM).

Non-solderable elements can be removed and installed without special tools, using a small slotted screwdriver, although it is desirable to have a special extractor to facilitate the removal of the IC, and a special device to install them. SIMM, DIMM memory modules are installed by hand in their slots at an angle then rise to a vertical position and are automatically secured by the appropriate latches. All other components (expansion adapter cards) are simply plugged into the system bus expansion slot on the SB and secured with a screw.

Other components of the aircraft, such as FDD, HDD, CD-ROM drives, slide along the rails into the structural unit and are fixed with latches or screws on the sides of the system unit. To remove and install them, it is sometimes necessary to remove the front panel, or the front plates, which are fixed with spring clips.

Test questions.

1. What are the main types of PC design do you know?

2. What documents should be followed when disassembling and assembling a computer?

3. How are RAM modules removed and installed in modern PCs?

4. How to remove and install daughter boards on the system board?

5. How to install hard drives and drives in the PC system unit?

Disassembly of the PC system unit is carried out in several stages. The recommended sequence of actions is given below.

a) Disconnect devices from the power supply.

Drives are connected to the power supply via connectors of the type Molex and Berg(see Appendix fig.P7). When disconnecting a cable with a Molex connector from the device, the cable socket (but not the cable!) must be gently wiggled in the plane of the connector and pull to the side at the same time. The Berg connector is keyed to prevent incorrect connection. Therefore, when disconnecting the cable socket Berg first pull out a little from the connector, then, shaking from side to side, lift back cable outlet upwards at an angle of 10˚-15˚ and remove from the drive.

Disconnect the CD-ROM from the power supply (see Fig. 6.);

Disconnect the FDD from the power supply;

Disconnect the hard drive from the power supply;

Disconnect the system board from the power supply (note that for AT boards, power connectors are installed black conductors inside). To disconnect the ATX power supply from the system board, press the upper part of the latch (see Appendix Fig. P.6) to the connector and, slightly shaking in the plane of the connector, pull it up.

b) Disconnecting the ribbon cables (loopbacks).

When disconnecting cables that do not have special keys on the connectors, you should pay attention to the pin number of the connector to which the color-coded conductor is connected (wire number 1). When disconnecting cables and loops from devices, connector with cable (but not a cable!) should be pulled towards you, slightly shaking in the plane of the connector.

Disconnect the ribbon cable (IDE, SCSI) from the hard disk (see Fig. 6.), then from the controller (motherboard), make the appropriate entries in Table 4;

Disconnect the ribbon cable (IDE, SCSI) from the CD-ROM (see Fig. 6), then from the controller (motherboard), make the appropriate entries in Table 4;

Disconnect FDD loop from the drive (see Fig. 6.), note which connector on the cable the drive is connected to and the direction of connection of the color mark of the cable in the drive connector;

Disconnect the FDD cable from the controller (motherboard), make appropriate entries in Table 4;

Disconnect, if any, from the controllers adapter strips with port connectors, having previously recorded the numbers or names of the connectors to which they are connected in Table 5. Remove the strips from the case.

Rice. 6. Scheme of connecting drives.

c) Removing adapter cards from motherboard slots.

Unscrew the screws securing the expansion cards to the case;

Remove the cards carefully. To do this, you need to take the card with both hands from both ends and, alternately sipping it with one or the other hand strictly vertically, avoiding distortion, remove it from the slot;

- fold the cards separately near the body so that they do not touch each other, because. the printed conductors of the cards are sensitive to mechanical stress and can be damaged.

d) Disconnecting the front panel from the system board.

When disconnecting the conductors of the controls and indicators from the system board, pay attention to the number, color of the conductors and the order of connecting them to the connector on the system board, write it down in the table. 6 wire color and connector marking on the cable.

Disconnect the wires for connecting the Power button (only for PC ATX);

Disconnect the system speaker wires;

Disconnect green LED(Power LED);

Disconnect the LED (red) of the hard drive access indicator;

Disconnect the connection wires of the Reset button.

e) Removing the motherboard from the case.

In buildings ATX the motherboard is usually screwed to the racks on the case wall with several specific screws. In this case, to remove the board

Put the body on the table;

Unscrew the screws securing the board and slide it slightly inside the case so that the port connectors come out of the holes on the rear panel of the case;

Carefully remove the board and place it on the table.

If the board is installed on dielectric racks screwed into the chassis, gently squeeze the top of the rack (lock) with thin pliers and lift the board slightly up until the lock comes out of the board hole. Removing the board should start from an easily accessible corner of the board.

f) Removing disk drives and hard drives from the case.

All devices that go to the front panel of the case, for example, floppy drives, CD-ROMs, are removed from it through the holes in the front panel. Winchesters are removed from the mounting compartments inward. Do the following:

Unscrew the screws securing the CD-ROM, put them in a container for small parts, remove the drive from the case;

Remove the screws securing the floppy drive, pay attention to which holes they were installed in, remove the drive from the case;

Unscrew the screws securing the hard drive (please note that these are short screws; using longer case screws instead of them when assembling them can damage the HDD controller board), remove the drive from the case.

e) Make a specification for the computer(table 7). Present the specification and the computer to the teacher for verification. Computer disassembly completed.

Most recently, we published material in which we analyzed the reasons for. One of the most common, we noted the contamination of the system unit with dust. Because of this, the cooling system works much worse, and in especially severe cases, the fans simply stop spinning.

What happens in the end, you yourself can guess - the computer will instantly overheat and turn off. To prevent this from happening, together with you we will carry out a diagnostic cleaning of the laptop from dust. This is just the way - my old laptop has long been in need of maintenance.

What do we need

Of course we need a computer. We have already noted that a laptop will be used as an example. The same principle of operation will be in the event that you need to clean a stationary computer from dust. It is necessary to disassemble its body, and clean out all the debris from the inside.

Prepare a wrench or screwdriver suitable for working with the case mounting bolts.

Dust can be fought with special cans of compressed air - with their help, you can easily just blow all the debris out of the case. Unfortunately, I didn’t have such a can at hand - I will use disposable household tampons.

That's all I need to get started.

How to disassemble a computer case

To clean our laptop from dust, you need to get to its "insides". To do this, you need to disassemble its rear part, and gain access to the motherboard. So desktop computer everything is similar.

So let's get started.

To begin with, we need to completely de-energize the PC. We disconnect all cables, and take out the battery.

It is held by a special latch - move it away.

After that, you can safely remove the battery.

It is attached with a few bolts - unscrew them.

The cover can now be easily removed.

We got to the motherboard - now you can remove all the dust.

We clean the computer from dust

The first step is to carry out the initial cleaning. To do this, you can use a household vacuum cleaner, a can of compressed air, or simply blow through the computer case.

After that, we move on to cleaning the fan. Remove large debris with a toothpick or screwdriver.

We pass to the protective grille of the radiator. This is where most of the garbage accumulates. This prevents normal air circulation, which leads to. Take this point very seriously.

First of all, we remove large particles of debris and dust with the help of improvised means.

After that, blow it out - make sure to remove all debris.

Now you can assemble the computer in reverse order.

After cleaning the computer, check its temperature with the program. If a CPU still overheating.

Conclusion

Ideally, preventive maintenance and cleaning of the computer should be carried out at least once every six months. Make sure that the system unit is not in particularly dusty corners.

If you begin to observe a drop in the speed of work, an increase in the hum from the fans, you need to clean up the inside of your computer.