Lesson Objectives: Learning new material on the topic “Principles of organizing internal and external computer memory.”

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

  • introduce students to the information structure of the internal and external memory;
  • introduce the main concepts of the topic, classification and purpose of external memory devices.

Developing:

  • to carry out propaedeutics of the formation of intellectual and informational skills;
  • develop independence in thinking and learning activities.

Educational:

  • develop interest in the subject;
  • educate the culture of working at a computer - “user culture”;
  • to cultivate responsibility, independence, respect for each other.

Lesson type: combined - a lesson explaining new material

Forms, educational work, students: frontal work, work in pairs, individual work at the computer.

Means of education:

textbooks: Semakin I. G., Zalogova L. A., Rusakov S. V., Shestakova L. V. Informatics: Basic course for 7 - 9 cells. - M.: Basic Knowledge Laboratory, 1998.
Semakin I. G., Varaksin G. S. Structured abstract of the basic course. - M.: Basic Knowledge Laboratory, 2001.

CDs: Computer Anatomy - 2

technical and software:

Personal computers;
MS Windows OS application - PowerPoint program;
presentation on the topic of the lesson “Internal and external memory of a computer”;
projector.

Lesson steps:

I. Organizational part.

II. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson. Explanation of work on the score sheet.

III. Checking homework. Programmed control of the studied material (test).

IV. Updating of basic knowledge.

V. Explanation of new material.

  1. Problematic situation. "Computer Message".
  2. information structure internal memory.
  3. information structure of external memory.
  4. external memory devices.

VI. Checking students' understanding of new material.

VII. Summing up the lesson.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational part.

The teacher greets the students, notes the absence in the journal, checks the readiness of the students for the lesson.

II. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Lesson 6 Principles of organization of internal and external memory.

Issues under study:

    Computer as a model of a person working with information.

    Scheme of information exchange in a computer.

    Difference between program and data.

    The difference between internal and external computer memory.

    The principle of binary encoding of information.

    The structure of the internal memory of the computer, its properties.

    Media and external memory devices.

    Analogy between man and computer.

According to its purpose, the computer is universal technical means for the work of a person with information. Computer memory stores data and programs.

    Von Neumann principles

    • Composition of computer devices

      Data and programs are stored in shared memory computer

      Data and programs are stored in the computer memory in the form binary code

      Writing information to memory, as well as reading it from memory, is performed at addresses

    The internal memory of the computer.

Internal memory consists of particles - bits. One bit of memory stores one bit of information.

    Byte of memory - the smallest addressable part of the internal memory (1 byte = 8 bits)

    All bytes are numbered starting from 0

    Byte number - memory byte address

    The processor accesses memory by addresses

    Media and external memory devices

Magnetic memory - streamers and disk drives;

Optical memory - CD, DVD (ROM, R, RW);

Electronic memory - memory cards, flash drives.

    Verification work.

1. Which of the following characteristics apply to operational, and which - to external memory?

a) It is volatile.

b) Its volume is measured in tens and hundreds of gigabytes.

c) Used for long-term storage of information.

d) Its volume is measured in hundreds of megabytes or several gigabytes.

e) More fast access.

f) Used for temporary storage of information.

g) Slower access.

    Which memory size in bytes will take the next binary the code: ? Explain your answer.

    Text in volume 1024 bits located in random access memory, starting from byte number 10 . What will be the address last byte, which is occupied by the given text?

    List at least five devices you know external memory.

    What difference disks CD- ROM, CD- RW and CD- R?

    Homework. P. 5.6

Budgetary educational institution of the municipality Dinskoy district "Secondary school No. 29

the name of the Hero Soviet Union Brovarets Vladimir Timofeevich

Informatics lesson

in 8th grade

“Introductory information about computer architecture. Principles of organization of internal and external memory of a computer»

Boyko Olga Nikolaevna,

computer science teacher secondary school № 29

MO Dinskoy district

2013

Lesson topic: “Introductory information about computer architecture. Principles of organization of internal and external memory of a computer»

The purpose of the lesson : familiarity with computer architecture, types of computer memory.

Lesson objectives:

educational- introduce students to computer architecture, types of computer memory.

Educational - education of the information culture of students, attentiveness, accuracy, discipline, perseverance, instilling independent work skills, ensuring conscious assimilation of educational material.

Educational - develop cognitive interest, instill research skills.

Lesson type : combined.

Visibility and equipment:

  1. Computer with projector;
  2. Lesson summary;
  3. Presentation “Introductory information about computer architecture. Principles of organization of internal and external memory of a computer”;

4. P program - simulator "Computer device".

5. Crossword cards.

Lesson structure:

1. Organizational moment.

3. Consolidation of the material, performance of work on the simulator "Computer device" and work with a crossword puzzle.

4. Summing up.

5. Homework.

Issues under study:

  • Computer as a model of a person working with information.
  • Scheme of information exchange in a computer.
  • Difference between program and data.
  • The difference between internal and external computer memory.
  • The principle of binary encoding of information.
  • The structure of the internal memory of the computer, its properties.

During the classes:

  1. Organizing time.Greeting, checking those present, announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson. Students write down the topic of the lesson in notebooks (slide 1).

2. Explanation of new material.Today you will learn what devices make up a computer, what data and a program are, and how computer memory is arranged.

Since ancient times, people have sought to make their work easier. For this purpose, various machines and mechanisms were created that enhance the physical capabilities of a person. The computer was invented in the middle of the 20th century to enhance the capabilities of human intellectual work, that is, work with information.

"An analogy between a computer and a person" CER Analogy between computer and human (N 119276).

Man himself is the prototype of the computer. Only the inventors sought to transfer to the computer not the physical, but the intellectual capabilities of a person.

Write down the rule from page 33 in your notebook.

According to its purpose, a computer is a universal technical tool for a person to work with information.

Write down the four components of human information activity:

Reception (input) of information;

Storing information (memory);

Thinking process (information processing);

Transfer (output) of information.

A computer includes devices that perform similar human functions:

Input Devices;

Memory devices - memory;

Processing device - processor;

Output devices

Consider fig. 2.1 on page 36 "Information exchange between computer devices."

Guys, tell me, how do the processes of input and output of information by a computer take place? What devices are responsible for the exchange of information?

In the course of computer operation, information enters memory through input devices; the processor retrieves the processed information from the memory, works with it and places the processing results into it; the results obtained through the output devices are reported to the person. The most common input device is a keyboard, and the output device is a display screen or a printer (printing device).

In computer science, there is the concept of "computer architecture".

Look at the diagram on the slide. COR (N 119270). Everything that is depicted here is included in the concept of computer architecture: devices, software, application software and programming systems. Let's name the main elements of a computer together.

Now answer what is computer architecture

Write down the definition:

Computer architecture is understood as a description of the device and principles of operation of a computer, sufficient for the user and programmer.

The most important difference between a computer and a person is that the work of a computer is strictly subordinate to the program embedded in it, while a person controls his own actions.

Write down the rule from page 34.

Computer memory stores data and programs.

Program - This is an indication of the sequence of actions (commands) that the computer must perform in order to solve the task of processing information.

Information that is processed by a computer through software is called data .

The described principles of the design and operation of computers were first proposed in 1946 by the American scientist John von Neumann. These principles are largely preserved in modern computers.

Review the presentation slideVon Neumann principlesand write down in a notebook the principles of the design and operation of a computer


Slides captions:

Basic information about computer architecture. Principles of organization of internal and external memory of a computer.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the profession of a person engaged in calculations, calculations was called a computer.

The first computer was created in the USA in 1946 and was called "ENIAC"

Leonardo di Ser Piero da Vinci

ZHUKOVSKY Nikolay Egorovich (1847-1921)

According to its purpose, a computer is a universal technical tool for a person to work with information. According to the principles of the device, a computer is a model of a person working with information.

 ANALOGY BETWEEN A COMPUTER AND A HUMAN Data and programs are stored in computer memory Information exchange in a computer Input Output MEMORY PROCESSOR According to its purpose, a computer is a universal technical tool for a person to work with information HUMAN Sense organs Information reception (input) BRAIN Information storage Thinking process (information processing) Speech, gestures, writing Information transmission (output) COMPUTER Input devices Memory devices PROCESSOR Output devices

FIRST ACQUAINTANCE WITH A COMPUTER Computer device PC Memory Processor Data processing according to a given program clock frequency bit depth resolution addressability Internal memory magnetic recording optical recording flash memory External memory Input-output devices Output devices Input devices Software Software Purpose: program development (input, debugging, editing, execution) Programming systems General purpose special purpose Application software Service programs System software Operating system Working with Files Device Management User Dialogue User Interface File system Single-level structure Multi-level structure

Computer architecture is understood as a description of the device and principles of operation of a computer, sufficient for the user and programmer. According to its purpose, a computer is a universal technical tool for working with information.

Guys, tell me, how do the processes of input and output of information by a computer take place? What devices are responsible for the exchange of information?

Computer memory stores data and programs. Data is processed information presented in a computer memory in a special form. A program is a description of the sequence of actions that a computer must perform to solve a given data processing task. Data is "declarative knowledge", programs are "procedural knowledge of the computer".

In 1946, the American scientist John von Neumann formulated the basic principles of the design and operation of computers. The von Neumann principles. The presence of one processor that controls the operation of all other devices.

 Input Output MEMORY PROCESSOR Composition of computer devices Data and programs are stored in the general memory of the computer Data and programs are stored in the memory of the computer in the form of a binary code Writing information to memory, as well as reading it from memory, is carried out at addresses The internal memory of a computer consists of particles - bits in one bit of memory stores one bit of information the smallest addressable part of the internal memory is 1 byte (8 bits) all bytes are numbered byte number is the address of the memory byte

 COMPUTER INTERNAL MEMORY BIT 0 or 1 Binary coded Internal memory consists of particles - bits One bit of information is stored in one bit of memory Memory byte is the smallest addressable part of internal memory (1 byte \u003d 8 bits) All bytes are numbered starting from 0 Byte number - memory byte address Processor accesses memory by address Resolution Addressability Bytes Bits . . . . . . .

 MEDIA AND EXTERNAL MEMORY DEVICES ROM Read Only R Write Once RW Rewritable Media Magnetic Memory Optical Memory Electronic Memory CD DVD Drives Drives HDD HDD USB Card Readers Flash Drive USB Memory Sticks

comp u te r 1 rg p m a m a f a r p o i v a e c o d c o r p s s o r 2 3 4 5 6 Test yourself

Homework: textbook: p. 5, 6, complete the task in the notebook, answer the questions: 1. List at least five external memory devices you know. 2. What is the difference between CD - ROM , CD - RW and CD - R discs ?

Preview:

Solve the crossword.

1. A universal technical tool for a person to work with information.

2. The sequence of actions (commands) that the computer must perform in order to solve the problem.

3. Memory devices.

4. Another name for internal memory.

5. Information processing device.

6. Serial number bytes in the computer's internal memory.

Team _______________________________________________________________

Solve the crossword.


To view a presentation with pictures, design, and slides, download its file and open it in PowerPoint on your computer.
Text content of presentation slides: Purpose and device of the computer. Principles of organization of internal and external memory. MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS:Capacity - the maximum amount of information that "fits" in various devices memory;Speed ​​of accessing information;Method of access to information - direct or sequential;Principle of writing-reading - magnetic or optical MEMORY ExternalInternalVZU (external storage devices) is designed for long-term storage of user information. It can be updated, deleted unnecessary. This type of memory is not intended to store user information. It is used by the system itself and ensures its functioningFloppy disksHard disksCompact disksFlash-memory devicesRandom access memory (RAM)Cache memoryPermanent memory EXTERNAL MEMORYThe main function of a computer's external memory is the ability to store a large amount of information for a long time (programs, documents, audio and video clips, etc.). d.). A device that provides writing / reading information is called a drive or a disk drive, and information is stored on media (for example, floppy disks). Information on external media has a file organization. A file is information stored on an external medium and has its own name.
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style.rotation FLEXIBLE MAGNETIC DISKS A floppy disk, also known as a floppy disk or floppy disk, is a round flexible plate with a magnetized layer inserted into a plastic case. The floppy disk rotates in a plastic case, protected by two spacers to reduce friction. The principle of recording on diskettes is magnetic. Access to information is direct. In floppy disks (3.5 inches) there is a mode for protecting information from erasure and recording, which is carried out by switching the corresponding switch on a plastic envelope. A standard floppy disk contains 1.44 MB of information. Floppy disks need very careful storage. They cannot be wetted, beaten, treated carelessly. HARD MAGNETIC DISKS A hard disk (HDD - Hard Disk Drive) refers to non-replaceable disk magnetic drives. Rigid magnetic disks are several tens of disks placed on the same axis, enclosed in a metal case and rotating at a high angular velocity. The speed of writing and reading information from hard drives quite large (about 133 MB / s) due to the fast rotation of disks (7200 rpm). Hard disks use rather fragile and miniature elements. To preserve the information and performance of hard drives, it is necessary to protect them from shocks and sudden changes in spatial orientation during operation. LASER DISK DRIVES AND DISC LASER DISK DRIVES use the optical principle of reading information. On the laser discs CD (CD - Compact Disk, compact disc) and DVD (DVD - Digital Video Disk, digital video disc) information is recorded on one spiral track (like on a phonograph record), containing alternating sections with different reflectivity. Laser ray falls on the surface of a rotating disk, and the intensity of the reflected beam depends on the reflectivity of the track section and takes on the values ​​0 or 1. FLASH-MEMORY DEVICES Flash-memory is a non-volatile type of memory that allows you to record and store data in microcircuits. Devices based on flash-memory do not have moving parts, which ensures high data safety when used in mobile devices. Flash memory is a microchip placed in a miniature package. To write or read information, the drives are connected to a computer via a USB port. The information capacity of memory cards reaches 16 GB. Memory cards INTERNAL MEMORYThe devices that make up the internal memory are located on the "motherboard" in system unit. This type of memory is not designed to store user information. It is used by the computer system. Properties of internal memory: Discreteness; Discrete objects consist of individual particles. Memory is made up of individual cells called bits. Addressability. Entering information into memory, as well as retrieving it from memory, is carried out by addresses. Random access memory (RAM, English RAM, Random Access Memory - random access memory) is a fast storage device of not very large capacity, directly connected to the processor and designed to write, read and store executable programs and data processed by these programs. CACHE MEMORY Cache memory (from the English. Cache - cache) or scratchpad memory is a very fast small-capacity memory that is used when exchanging data between a microprocessor and RAM to compensate for the difference in the speed of information processing by the processor and somewhat slower RAM. PERMANENT MEMORY Permanent memory - BIOS (Basic Input-Output System). The data entered into it during the manufacture of the computer. Designated ROM - Read Only Memory. Stores: programs for checking equipment when loading the operating system; programs for starting the loading of the operating system; programs for executing basic functions maintenance of computer devices; computer configuration program - Setup. Allows you to set the characteristics: types of video controller, hard drives and floppy drives, modes of operation with RAM, password request at boot, etc.; What is the purpose of information storage devices in a computer? What is the essence of reading and writing information in a computer? What is a CD, CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD-RW? How many times is the information capacity of a DVD more than a CD?


Attached files