Topic of the lesson"File as a unit of information storage on a computer"
Subject Meaning:
Information technologies are used in various fields of activity, including medicine. information society you need to have all the knowledge of computer science.
Lesson objectives: on the basis of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the student must
know:
The concept of a file as a unit of information storage on a computer.
File attributes and size.
Keep records of the volume of files during their storage, transfer.
Burn information to CDs various kinds.
Create a data archive, extract data from the archive.
Topic study plan:
Summary of the topic:
File- this is a certain amount of information that has a name, stored in the long-term memory of a computer.
The file name is divided into two parts by a dot: the file name (prefix) and the extension (suffix) that defines its type (program, data, etc.). The file name is given by the user, and its type is usually set automatically by the program.
Table. File name extensions
| File type | Extensions |
| Executable files | .exe, .com, .bat |
| Text files | .txt, .doc, .rtf |
| Graphic files | .gif, .bmp, .jpg, .jpeg, .tif |
| Sound files | .wav, .midi, .mp3, .wma |
| Video files | .avi, .mpeg |
| Web pages | .htm, .html |
| Programs in programming languages | .pas, .bas |
| Data files | .dat, .dbf |
| Data archivers | .arj, .rar, .zip |
File system is a functional part of the operating system that provides operations on files. The file system allows you to work with files and directories (directories) regardless of their content, size, type, etc.
The file system defines the general structure for naming, storing, and organizing files in the operating system.
Hierarchical file system :
Various operations can be performed on files:
Copying (a copy of a file is placed from one directory to another)
Move (the file itself is moved to another directory)
Deletion (the file entry is removed from the directory)
Renaming (changing the file name), etc.
You cannot use the following characters, which are reserved for special functions: ? . , ; := + * / \ " | SPACE
The following characters cannot be used in long names: ? :*/\">
Independent work
Exercise 1. Suggest names and types for the files listed below. Transfer the table to your notebook and complete it.
| Content | Name | Type of | Full filename |
| Photo of my family | |||
| apple pie recipe | |||
| Booklet "My School" | |||
| Open letter to Bill Gates | BillG | doc | BillG.doc |
| Family album "My genealogy" | |||
| Reproduction of Malevich's painting Black Square | |||
| Petition to the principal of the school to increase the number of computer science lessons | |||
| History abstract | |||
| Rock band concert advertisement | |||
| Article in the journal "Computer Science and Education" |
Task 2. Suggest options for programs that open files with a particular extension. Copy the table in your notebook and complete it.
Task 3. Complete the tasks in your notebook.
Come up with a name for a text file that will contain information about your house. Underline your own file name.
Come up with a name for the graphic file that will contain the drawing of your house. Underline the file extension.
Write the correct file names in one column, and the correct directory names in the second: Letter.18, letter.txt, WinWord, letter.doc, School?234, My documents, rose.bmp, crop12.exe, 1C, red.com
Task 4. Using the WINRAR archiver program, archive files of different types. Analyze the archiving results by filling in the table:
| Archive format | File name and extension | original size | Size after archiving |
Work technology:
Create a folder "Archive" in your folders on the Student (K) drive: and copy files like BMP, DOC, EXE into it.
Launch the WINRAR program.
Zip the graphic file, enter the data in the table and compare the sizes of both files.
Select a BMP file with a mouse click
Click on the Add to archive button, a dialog box will appear specifying the archiving parameters
By default, the archive file has the name of the original file.
If you need to specify a different name, then enter it in the name input field
Select an archive file format, such as RAR.
The rest of the parameters can be left unchanged.
Click the OK button.
Compare the sizes of the archive file and the original one.
Zip text and graphic files in the same way, enter the data in a table and compare the file sizes.
Task 5. Unzip the files.
To do this, follow these steps:
Select RAR files.
Click the Extract button on the toolbar.
In the unzip dialog box, specify the Archive folder where you want to place the unzipped file and click OK.
Repeat the above steps for all the files you have zipped.
Task 6. Recording to CD
Launch Nero Express
Give the command Data - Data disk (select the necessary files to write to disk)
Click the Record button.
Task 7. Working with files and folders.
On the Student(K) drive, open the Informatics Lessons folder. Next folder Treasure. Open the file with the instruction and follow the necessary steps.
Final control of knowledge
Why is it possible to reduce file size?
What is archiving?
What files do not make sense to archive?
Why does it make sense to pack it into an archive before sending a text file by e-mail?
Summarizing
Homework
Ugrinovich N. D. "Informatics and ICT" 11kl. pp 30, 36
Literature:
Ugrinovich N.D. Informatics and ICT. Basic course: textbook for grades 10-11 / N.D. Ugrinovich. – 5th ed. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2007. - 205 p.
PRACTICE 14
Topic: A file is a unit of information storage on a computer. File attributes and size. Accounting for the volume of files during their storage, transfer.
Target:
Means of education: PC, browser, Internet.
Explanations for the execution of the work:
Theoretical material: All programs and data are stored in the computer's long-term memory as files.
File - A completed named dataset, such as a program, a dataset used by a program, or a user-created document. A file is the basic unit of storage that allows a computer to distinguish one set of data from another. The user can retrieve the data collected in the file, modify it, delete it, save it, or send it to an output device such as a printer or email program.
Folder- Container for programs and files in graphical interfaces user, displayed on the screen with an icon that looks like a clerical folder. Folders are used to organize programs and documents on a disk and can contain both files and other folders.
Folders are used by Windows to create a system for storing files on a computer, similar to how cardboard folders are used to organize data in a filing cabinet.
Folders can contain files various types- documents, music videos, images, videos, programs, and more. You can create new folders, copy or move files to them from other places - from other folders, from other computers, or from the Internet. You can create subfolders within folders.
For example, if you use the My Documents folder to create and store files, you can create a new folder in it to contain these files. If the new folder needs to be moved to another location, it can be easily moved along with all its contents by selecting it and dragging it to the new location with the mouse.
The file name consists of two parts separated by a dot: File name and extension , which defines its type.
The actual file name is given by the user, and the file type is usually set automatically by the program when it is created.
On various operating systems, there are various formats file names.
The actual file name is no more than 8 letters , extension - 3 .
proba.txt image.bmp
File types and extensions.
Single-level file system
Tiered file system
Information unit:
1 byte= 8 bits 1 KB (1 Kilobyte) = 210 bytes = 2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2 bytes =
= 1024 bytes (approximately 1 thousand bytes - 103 bytes)
1 MB(1 megabyte) = 220 bytes = 1024 kilobytes (approximately 1 million bytes - 106 bytes)
1 GB(1 gigabyte) = 230 bytes = 1024 megabytes (approximately 1 billion bytes - 109 bytes)
1 TB(1 Terabyte) = 240 bytes = 1024 gigabytes (approximately 1012 bytes). A terabyte is sometimes called a ton.
1 Pb(1 petabyte) = 250 bytes = 1024 terabytes (approximately 1015 bytes).
1 exabyte= 260 bytes = 1024 petabytes (approximately 1018 bytes).
1 zettabyte= 270 bytes = 1024 exabytes (approximately 1021 bytes).
1 Yottabyte= 280 bytes = 1024 zettabytes (approximately 1024 bytes).
File Attributes are set for each file and tell the system what operations can be performed on files. There are four attributes:
- read only (R);
- archival (A);
- hidden (H);
- system (S).
Read-Only File Attribute
This attribute specifies that the file cannot be modified. All attempts to modify, delete, or rename a read-only file will fail.
File attribute "Hidden"
A file with this attribute is not displayed in the folder. The attribute can also be applied to entire folders. It must be remembered that the system provides the ability to display hidden files, for this it is enough in the Explorer menu Tools - Folder Options - View tab - Show hidden files and folders.
File attribute "Archived"
Almost all files have this attribute, enabling/disabling it makes almost no sense. The attribute was used by programs Reserve copy to detect changes in a file.
File attribute "System"
This attribute is set for files required by the operating system to stable operation. In effect, it makes the file hidden and read-only. It is impossible to set a system attribute for a file on your own.
To change the attributes of a file, you need to open its properties window and enable the appropriate options.
In order for the file attributes to be displayed in the Explorer window, you need to switch to the Tables mode (View - Table), and then right-click on the title bar and select Attributes. After that, a new column appears in the table, in which the attributes are displayed with the letters R, A, H, S.
Work order:
Exercise 1. Outline the theoretical material in a notebook.
Task 2. Fill the table:
Task 3. Create a table:
Table 1.
1) Run text editor Notepad, create a document by typing the text (font size #14):
Manager(from English manage "manage") or manager- head, manager, chief, director.
The main task of managers is management, including planning, organization, motivation and control. Depending on the size and number of control objects, there are levels of control, and, consequently, managers.
Types of managers.
It is generally accepted to single out lower-level managers (in world practice - operational managers), middle-level managers (line managers) and top managers:
· lower level managers - these are junior bosses who are directly above the workers and other workers (not managers). These include foremen, heads of departments in stores, heads of departments, sales managers who have sales representatives (agents) under their supervision, etc. In general, most of the leaders are lower-level managers. Most people start their managerial career in this capacity. Junior managers can have any level of education.
· Managers middle management are the bosses of the lower-level managers. Depending on the size of the organization, there may be several levels of such managers. Middle managers are the head of the shop, the director of the branch, the dean of the faculty, the head of the sales department, etc. Most often, such managers have diplomas of graduation from higher educational institutions and some experience in practical work.
· Managers top management - the smallest group of managers. Even in the largest organizations, there are only a few people. Typical positions here would be the general director of the plant, the director of the store, the rector of the university, the chairman of the board of directors. This level of decision making requires a college degree, and sometimes more than one.
2) Save the document in your folder by selecting the folder called Practice14, save as Notepad_LastName.
Determine its volume by clicking the right mouse button and selecting "Properties" from the menu. Enter the data in table 1.
3)
4) Similarly, create a document called "MSWord_LastName:
Specialty 43.02.01 "Organization of service in public catering"
Qualification: manager
Training period:
· on the basis of 9 cells - 3 years 10 months.
· on the basis of 11 cells - 2 years 10 months.
Region professional activity alumni:
organization of service in public catering organizations different types and classes.
The main activities of the manager:
· Organize catering in catering establishments
· Manage catering staff in serving customers
· Organize and supervise the preparation of catering organizations for the reception of visitors
· Identify needs for catering services and products
· Form and meet the demand for catering services
· To control the quality of products and services of public catering
Run the WinRar archiver, add the file to the archive, determine its volume and draw a conclusion about the degree of file compression. Enter the data in table 1.
The unit of data storage is a variable length object called a file. A file is a sequence of arbitrary number of bytes with a unique name of its own. Data of the same type is stored in a separate file. The data type determines the file type.
There is no size limit in the file definition, you can imagine a file having 0 bytes (an empty file) and a file having any number of bytes.
Particular attention is paid to the name, It carries address data, without which the data will not become information due to the lack of an access method to them. The file name can store information about the type of data contained in it. For automatic means working with data, this is important, because by the name of the file they can automatically determine an adequate method for extracting information.
End of work -
This topic belongs to:
The concept of information. Informatics, cybernetics, informatiology
On the website, read: "St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical Academy"
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All topics in this section:
The concept of information. Informatics, cybernetics, informatiology
Information is a body of knowledge about actual data and the relationships between them. There are three phases of the existence of information: - assimilated information
PC categories
The PC is designed to serve one workstation. From 1999 to 2002, international certification standards were in force in the field of PC - PC 99 - PC 2002 certifications.
Informatization. Stages of informatization
informatization is an organizational socio-economic and scientific and technical process of creating optimal conditions for meeting information needs and realizing
The concept of information technology
Information technology(IT) - a set of methods, production processes and software and hardware tools, united by a technological process and providing collection, storage, processing
information revolutions. Information crisis
Revolutions: The first information revolution is associated with the invention of writing: it became possible to fix knowledge on a material carrier. Second
multimedia technologies
. multimedia is computer system and IT, providing the ability to create, store and reproduce heterogeneous information, including text, animation, sound and graphics. Important characteristic
Audio encoding
Many individual companies have developed their own corporate standards, but broadly speaking, two main areas can be distinguished: The FM method is based on the fact that, theoretically, any
Working with sound on a PC
. The sound can be background, main, special, scoring. There are 2 sound reproduction technologies - analog and digital. Main types of sound files - with digitized sound (*.snd, *.mp
Working with graphics
2 types can be used graphic objects– drawings ( vector image) - lines, geometric shapes, etc., and images (raster) - are inserted as external objects. To work with eyelids
Difference between MIDI files and WAVE files
-MIDI- files are much smaller than WAVE files with the same duration of the sound of a musical fragment, -Melodies in MIDI format clearly belong to the genre of "electronic music", in the form
Information units
The smallest unit of measurement information is a byte. It encodes one character of textual information. The larger unit of measure is Kbytes. 1Kbyte=1000byte. For computing
Information presentation units
The smallest unit of information representation is a bit (binary digit). The set of binary digits forms a bit pattern. It is more convenient to work with a bit representation if the drawing has a
File organization of data on disk
The storage of files is organized in a hierarchical structure, which in this case is called a file structure. The top of the structure is the name of the medium on which the files will be saved. Further
Internet Basics
Internet is global computer network uniting many regional, departmental, private and other information. networks with communication channels about the same rules of organization for all its participants
Difference between internet and intranet
The intranet is internal network companies based on the same services as the Internet. Along with access to the Intranet, you can get e-mail services,
Basic Internet Services
Email(e-mail) - a service that provides the transmission of a letter (message) to any computer on the network. For delivery, a serial transmission method is used from
teleconferencing technology
This is a network service that implements the storage of messages on dedicated servers (News servers) and provides access to these messages from the subscriber computers of this teleconference. Send message
slide 2
After studying this topic, you will learn: Determining the volume of various storage media. Archive information After studying this topic, you will be able to: Create an archive of data. Extract data from the archive. Write information to various types of CDs Organize information on a CD with an interactive menu.
slide 3
File
File - the smallest unit of information storage containing a sequence of bytes and having a name. those. A file is a certain amount of information that has a name and is stored in external memory. The file name consists of two parts separated by a dot. To the left of the dot is the file name itself (set by the user). On the right is the file format (extension; type), which indicates what kind of information is stored in this file. Format sets operating system depending on which software environment the file was created in
slide 4
file formats: exe, com, bat - programs arj, zip, lzh, rar - compressed files gif, pcx, bmp, jpeg - pictures (graphics) html - web pages txt, doc - wav text file, mid - sound files bas, pas - texts in BASIC, Pascal programming languages avi - video films The file name in Windows OS can have up to 255 characters, and the Russian alphabet can be used.
Slide 5
FILE
To open a file or folder Open the My Documents folder. If the My Documents folder or its subfolders does not contain the file or folder you want to open, find the file or folder by clicking the Search button. To start the Finder, click the Start button, and then click Find. Double-click the file or folder you want to open. Notes To open the My Documents folder, click the Start button and select My Documents. If the file you want to open is not associated with any certain program, you can assign him such a program. To do this, right-click the file, select Open With, and then select the program name. You can use the View menu to change the file display mode. You can also use the View tab of the Folder Options dialog box to change the settings for a file or folder. To open this dialog box, choose Folder Options from the Tools menu.
slide 6
To save a file From the File menu current program select Save. If a given file saved for the first time, enter a name for it in the File name field. Note To save a copy of the file under a different name or in a different folder, choose Save As from the File menu. Click the arrow to expand the Folder list to find the drive or folder where you want to save the file, and then enter a new name in the File name field.
Slide 7
To rename a sequence of files Open the My Documents folder. If there are no files in the My Documents folder or its subfolders that you want to rename, search for them by clicking the Search button. To start the Finder, click the Start button, and then click Find. Select the files you want to rename. On the File menu, choose Rename. Enter a new name and press Enter. All sequence files will be renamed according to the new name entered. For example, if you enter "Birthday", the rest of the files in the sequence will be named "Birthday (1)", "Birthday (2)", etc.
Slide 8
To copy a file or folder to floppy disk Insert the floppy disk into the drive. Open the My Documents folder. If the My Documents folder or its subfolders does not contain the file or folder you want to copy, find the file or folder by clicking the Search button. To start the Finder, click the Start button, and then click Find. Select the file or folder to be copied. In the Tasks for files and folders group, click the Copy this file or Copy this folder link. In the Copy Items window, select Disk 3.5 (A:) and click the Copy button. Notes To open the My Documents folder, click the Start button and select My Documents. To copy a file or folder to a floppy disk, you can also right-click the object and select Send To, and then Disk 3.5 (A).
Slide 9
To change the name of a file or folder Open the My Documents folder. If the My Documents folder or its subfolders does not contain the file or folder that you want to rename, locate the file or folder by clicking the Search button. To start the Finder, click the Start button, and then click Find. Select the file or folder to be renamed. In the Common tasks for files and folders group, click the Rename this file or Rename this folder link. Enter a new name and press Enter. Notes To open the My Documents folder, click the Start button and select My Documents. Some programs do not recognize long filenames. The file name limit for such programs is eight characters. The following characters are not allowed in file names: \ / : * ? "< > |.
Slide 10
To move a file or folder Open the My Documents folder. If the My Documents folder or its subfolders does not contain the file or folder you want to move, locate the file or folder by clicking the Search button. To start the Finder, click the Start button, and then click Find. Select the file or folder you want to move. In the Common tasks for files and folders group, click the Move this file or Move this folder link. In the Move Items window, select a new location for the file or folder, and then click the Move button. Notes To open the My Documents folder, click the Start button and select My Documents. To select a group of consecutive files, select the first file and hold down the SHIFT key and select last file. To select multiple files or folders separately, click them one by one while holding down the CTRL key.
slide 11
To copy a file or folder Open the My Documents folder. If the My Documents folder or its subfolders does not contain the file or folder you want to copy, find the file or folder by clicking the Search button. To start the Finder, click the Start button, and then click Find. Select the file or folder to be copied. In the Tasks for files and folders group, click the Copy this file or Copy this folder link. In the Copy Items window, select the drive or folder to copy to and click the Copy button. Notes To open the My Documents folder, click the Start button and select My Documents. You can copy multiple files or folders at once. To select multiple consecutive files or folders, select the first item and hold down the SHIFT key while selecting the last item. To select scattered files or folders, click each item in turn while holding down CTRL key.
slide 12
To delete a file or folder Open the My Documents folder. If the My Documents folder or its subfolders does not contain the file or folder you want to delete, locate the file or folder by clicking the Search button. To start the Finder, click the Start button, and then click Find. Select the file or folder to be deleted. In the Tasks for files and folders group, click the Delete file or Delete folder link. Notes To open the My Documents folder, click the Start button and select My Documents. You can also delete a file or folder by right-clicking the object and choosing Delete. To restore remote file, double-click the Recycle Bin icon on your desktop. Click desired file right-click and select Restore. To permanently delete a file, hold down the SHIFT key and drag the file to the Trash. The file will be permanently deleted and cannot be recovered from the Recycle Bin.
slide 13
Deleting or Restoring Files from the Recycle Bin On the desktop, double-click the Recycle Bin icon. Do one of the following: to restore a file, right-click it and select Restore; to restore all files, choose Select All from the Edit menu and then from the File menu, choose the Restore command; to delete a file, right-click it and select Delete; to delete all files, select the Empty Trash command from the File menu;
Slide 14
Notes When you delete a file from the Recycle Bin, it is permanently deleted from your computer and cannot be recovered. Items deleted from the trash cannot be restored. You can delete items by dragging them to the trash. If you hold down the SHIFT key while dragging, the object will be deleted without placing the trash can. When you restore a file from the trash, it will be placed in its original location. To restore multiple files at once, press and hold the CTRL key while you select all the files you need. When you have finished selecting the items to be restored, select the Restore command from the File menu. When restoring a file located in a deleted folder, this folder itself will be restored first, and then the file itself. Following items not stored in the Recycle Bin and cannot be restored: items deleted from network drives; items removed from floppy disks (for example, 3.5-inch disks); items that are larger than the capacity of the basket;
slide 15
File archiving
Create in your working folder(folder with your group) the following folders: a folder with your last name, in it the Archives folder. Run WinRar program. Open the folder on the teacher's computer source material for practical work Practicum. This folder contains three types of files.doc, .bmp, .exe. Answer the question in writing in your notebook, what type of documents do the above extensions have?
slide 16
Slide 17
Copy the files from the Practice folder to the Archives folder. Zip the graphic file and compare the sizes of both files. To do this, follow these steps: Click right button mouse select a file of type .bmp Click on the Add to archive… button, a dialog box will appear specifying the archiving parameters. By default, the archive file has the name of the original file. If you need to specify a different name for the archive, then enter it in the name input field. Select an archive file format, such as RAR. Leave the rest of the parameters unchanged. Click the Ok button.
Slide 18
Compare the sizes of the original file and archive. Enter the data in the table 1. Zip the .doc file and compare the sizes of both files. Enter the data in the table 1. Zip the .exe file and compare the sizes of both files. Enter the data in table 1. Remove source files. Zip the files in ZIP archive format. Fill in the table 1. with the received data. Attention!!! It is possible to pack files with their subsequent deletion, if such a method was chosen.
Slide 19
Slide 20
When creating a new archive, you need to set the archiving parameters. First of all, you need to specify the name of the archive file and the location to save it on disk. Next, you need to select the RAR or ZIP archive format (the ZIP format is more widely used, and the RAR method provides more options and stronger compression). Both formats support six archiving methods: Uncompressed, Fast, Fast, Normal, Good, and Maximum. Maximum method provides the highest compression ratio, but at the lowest speed. On the contrary, High-speed compresses badly, but very quickly. The No Compression method simply puts the files in the archive without compressing them. If you are creating an archive for transfer via computer networks or for long-term storage, it makes sense to choose the Maximum method to get the best compression. If you create a daily backup data, it is usually best to use the Normal method. The next archiving parameter is the size of the dictionary. It can take values of 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1024 KB. The larger the dictionary size, the better, but the compression is slower.
slide 21
WinRAR allows you to create multi-volume archives, that is, archives consisting of several parts. Typically, volumes are used to store a large archive on multiple floppy disks or other removable media. The first volume of the archive has the usual gag extension, and the extensions of subsequent volumes are numbered r00, r01, r02, and so on. The archive can be continuous (allows you to achieve the maximum degree of compression) and self-extracting (SFX, from the English. Self-eXtracting). To unzip such an archive, you do not need special program, it is enough to run the archive file for execution, since it is an executable file and has the .exe extension. For archiving audio and image files, an additional special media compression method can be used, which can achieve 30% more high degree compression than normal compression.
slide 22
Unzip files.Archive files with password protection
Find the file or group of files you want to zip with password protection. Usually, the archiver installed on the computer is available through context menu. Select the found files and call the WinRar archiver through the context menu. Let's set the archiving parameters. On the Advanced tab, set a password. You can select the Show password when typing option Unzip files. You can perform this operation by double-clicking on the archive file, or through the context menu - Extract files. When unzipping a password-protected archive, you will be required to enter a password.
View all slides
Practical work
File as a unit of information storage on a computer
Target: acquire basic skills in working with files.
All programs and data are stored in the computer's non-volatile (external) memory as files.
File - this is a certain amount of information (program or data) that has a name and is stored in long-term (external) memory.
The file name consists of two parts separated by a dot: the actual file name and an extension that defines its type (program, data, etc.). The actual file name is given by the user, and the file type is usually set automatically by the program when it is created.
File typeExtensions
Executable files
Exe, .com
Text files (Word, notepad)
Txt, .doc
Graphic files
Gif, .bmp, .jpg, .jpeg, .tif
Sound files
wav, .midi, .mp3, .wma
Video files
Avi, .mpeg
Web pages
Htm, .html
Programs in programming languages (Pascal)
Data files
Dat, .dbf
Data archivers
Arj, .rar, .zip
Command (batch) file
Electronic Excel spreadsheet
Power point presentation
File characteristics endowing the file certain properties . For the currently most common file systems FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS, the following file attributes can be distinguished:
Only for reading
Hidden
Systemic
Archival
File system. On each storage medium (flexible, rigid or laser disc) can store a large number of files. The order in which files are stored on a disk is determined by the installed file system.
File system
is a system for storing files and organizing directories.
For disks with a small number of files (up to several dozen), it is convenient to use a single-level file system, when the directory (disc table of contents) is a linear sequence of file names. To find a file on a disk, it is enough to specify only the file name.
If hundreds and thousands of files are stored on the disk, then for the convenience of searching, the files are organized into a multi-level hierarchical file system, which has a "tree" structure (looks like an inverted tree).
The path to the file. In order to find a file in a hierarchical file structure, you must specify the path to the file. The path to the file includes the logical name of the drive written through the separator "\" and the sequence of names of nested directories, the last of which contains the given desired file. Video
P 
full file name.
The path to the file together with the file name is called the full file name.
Full file name example:
C:\Abstracts\Physics\Optical phenomena.doc
C:\Abstracts\Informatics\Internet.doc
C:\Abstracts\Informatics\Computer viruses.doc
C:\Pictures\Sunset.jpg
C:\Pictures\ Winter.jpg
Progress and order of work:
Download the program:
Practical work consists of 3 tasks performed sequentially.
P 
moving the blue elements with the mouse, you need to fill empty cells in every task. If you make a mistake, move new element on top of an already populated cell and it will replace the old one. When the cells are filled completely, the button becomes available.[Further]
. If everything is filled in correctly, then there is a transition to another task..
If there are errors, they will be highlighted in yellow
Show the result to the teacher
Homework:
Build a directory tree
C:\Pictures\Nature\Sky.bmp
C:\Pictures\Nature\Snow.bmp
C:\Pictures\Computer\Monitor.bmp
C:\My Documents\Report.doc
Test questions:
What is a file?
What is the difference between a logical drive and a physical drive?
What is the name of the file? List the file extensions you know.