When it comes to buying a new TV, most people pay attention only to the quality of the transmitted image, as well as those specifications on which it depends. The price of the device is also important. But the presence or absence of a digital tuner, as well as its type and quantity, is of little interest to anyone. Not many people pay attention to it. As a result, when there is a desire to connect and watch DTV for free, problems arise and you have to spend money to buy a DVB-T2 tuner separately.

Today we will look at what a digital tuner is, what it can be and how it works. This will allow you to approach the choice of a new TV more carefully and decide for yourself whether you need such a device built into the TV or not. Moreover, as already mentioned, a digital tuner can always be purchased separately.

What is DTV T2

Before considering the features and types of tuners that exist on TVs today, you need to understand what, in principle, is this device and what it is for. A digital tuner is a receiver or, as it is also called, a decoder that allows the TV to directly receive signals various types broadcasts and decrypt them.

Many new TV models already have a built-in T2 digital receiver. In addition, there are divisions in which there are two tuners at once - T2 and S2. You can find out what type of device is built into your TV by looking at its technical specifications. If you have a built-in decoder that accepts a signal of a different format, then the necessary tuner can always be purchased separately.

External tuners are very popular today, since not many Russian citizens have the opportunity to spend a large amount of money on buying a new TV, and such a set-top box allows you to expand the capabilities of an existing device. The most popular are set-top boxes in the T2 format, which allow you to connect and watch digital terrestrial TV channels, as well as the DVB-S2 set-top box. They buy it if they decide to install a satellite TV antenna, but there is no decoder of this type on the TV.

Broadcast standards

As already mentioned, the tuner built into the TV can receive one or more signals of different broadcast formats. Consider the most common options.

  • DVB-T. Such a receiver can receive a digital television signal, which transmits a picture of a higher level of quality and clarity. To connect it, you need a regular TV antenna.
  • DVB-T2. This is the second generation of DVB-T decoders, which differs from its predecessor in increased throughput channel, higher signal characteristics and architecture. On the territory of Russia, this DTV signal format is mainly used. It is impossible to receive it through the DVB-T decoder, as these formats are incompatible.
  • DVB-C. A very popular format that can decode a digital cable television signal. To start using it, you need to insert a provider card into the appropriate slot.
  • DVB-S. With it, you can directly connect satellite dish to your TV.
  • DVB-S2. Like the T2, the S2 is the second generation of DVB-S receivers. S and S2 are also incompatible, so to receive a signal of this type you need an appropriate decoder. Is different given format increased channel capacity and the use of new types of modulation.

When buying a TV, you should pay special attention to the labeling. So, you can see the inscription DVB-T2/S2. This means that the TV will be able to receive both terrestrial and satellite digital channels.

Features of DVB-S2 and DVB-T2

Built-in digital tuner satellite television has certain features. In order to watch free available TV channels, it will not be enough for you to simply connect a satellite dish to your TV directly. You will also need to purchase an additional CAM module.

The fact is that without it you will not be able to view encrypted channels, but only those that are completely open. This is due to the fact that companies involved in the production of such TVs do not really think about this. In addition, it will be impossible to change the firmware or enter the code. External satellite tuners, sold with us, have firmware, in which all the necessary codes are already entered.

So, if you are interested in the topic of digital on-air television, then most likely you want to know what channels you will receive if you connect it yourself. I'm right? Then read on) maybe you don’t need it?

What are digital TV multiplexes

Today in Russia DVB T2 format broadcast 20 channels. They are divided into two packages, these are the so-called multiplexes. Both packages are free to view, there is no subscription fee. It is enough just to have a TV that receives a DVB T2 signal and.

That's what the "figure" broadcasts in Russia

First ten channels (First multiplex)

The first package, or the first multiplex, is general information, news and development channels (boring things). Here is the channel list digital television first multiplex:

  • First channel
  • Russia 1
  • Russia 2 Match TV - a channel with sports broadcasts
  • Channel Five
  • Russia "Culture"
  • Russia 24
  • Carousel - children's channel, cartoons, programs for children
  • OTR - Public Television of Russia

The first multiplex operates wherever there is digital television.

I knowingly wrote the time of publication of the article. The fact is that sometimes the composition of the channels changes on the basis of a competition that is held by the state every year. So things may change in 2016.

Just recently, a replacement took place in the second multiplex and "Sport +" was replaced by entertainment channel"Friday" ... Also, the channel "Russia - 2" in the first multiplex was replaced by Match TV.

Third package of channels (Third multiplex)

And yet, they promise a third multiplex, but it will already be with subscription fee. So I don't think it will be wildly popular. Since, as soon as the on-air "figure" becomes paid, it will be easier to stretch a cable with 40+ channels for 120 rubles. per month.

And here is what they write on the project about this:

It is too early to talk about the exact date of the start of broadcasting of the third (regional) multiplex. To begin with, principles for the formation of a regional multiplex at the government level should be determined, after which competitions will be organized to determine the channels participating in the third multiplex. Only after the composition of the third digital package becomes known, RTRS will be able to start broadcasting it. It should be noted that this fall, the Government Commission for the Development of Television and Radio Broadcasting postponed consideration of the issue of the principles for the formation of the third multiplex until 2018.

TV), it's time to move on to the most important part - digital TV setup. How to set up digital TV with your own hands? Read more about this.

I will show on the example of the receiver Mystery MMP-71DT2, and like me, his software completely coincides with Rolson. If you have a different prefix, the principle will be the same, but you may have to look at the instructions.

How to connect everything

To start, connect antenna to the receiver, and the receiver to the TV. Preferably through, so the image quality will be as clear as possible. If there is none, then through the usual "tulips", they come complete with a prefix, as a rule. We look at the connectors in the instructions, it will turn out something like that. If the antenna is with an amplifier, first turn it off, then you can always turn it on.

We are launching all this economy, a set-top box, an antenna, a TV. Select the desired video input. If everything is done correctly, then you will see start menu, like this:

How to set up digital television through "auto search"

By default, the set-top box is not configured for anything, and you yourself will need to catch the channels that are transmitted in your area. The easiest way is to start auto-search.

After launching the autosearch, the prefix will think for a long time, and should find something in the end. Important: since each is transmitted at the same frequency, you will catch channels not one at a time, but immediately in packs of ten. Therefore, be patient. If in analog TV channels are caught one at a time, then several minutes may pass, and the set-top box will search. But then all 10-20 channels will pop up at once.

After the search is over, the set-top box will offer you to add the found channels. If you have found all 20 pieces - congratulations, the process is complete!

List of tuned channels, TV guide function

How to check signal quality when setting up digital TV

Check that the signal is strong enough and everything is set up well.

It's very easy to do. You should have an INFO button on the set-top box, triple pressing displays data on the quality and intensity of the signal. Look in the instructions, it may be called differently, but it will do the same:

The higher the signal, the better. Optimally - from 60% and further

If both indicators are high, above 60%, everything is fine.

Check it out on both multiplexes, say, Channel One and TNT.

Since different multiplexes are transmitted, you can catch the first one well, and the second badly, or vice versa. Your task is to rotate the antenna so that both are well caught.

But in practice it is somewhat different. For example, you can catch duplicates. When the same channels will occupy several places at once. It seems not critical, but annoying. How to treat me.

What to do if you caught duplicates, or nothing was caught

The second option is when not everything was caught, or nothing was caught. Fine tuning and manual mode will help us here. We read about it. However, if you live in a city and there are towers near you, then in 90% of cases, auto-search is enough for you.

Summarizing

As you can see, setting up dvb t2 digital television with your own hands is not a difficult task. And certainly you should not call a master who will do the same for you for a thousand rubles)

A package of channels broadcast on the same frequency is called multiplex. The number of channels in one multiplex can be from 1 to 10. The composition and number of channels is determined by the broadcaster, for example, the state.

In Crimea, there are now 3 multiplexes so that they do not interfere with each other, as in analog broadcasting, in each region broadcasting is carried out at different frequencies (CHANNELS).

DVB-T2 broadcasting in Russia, Ukraine and a number of other countries is carried out only in the decimeter frequency range - these are from 21 to 69 UHF (UHF) channels.

List of transmitters and frequency channels broadcasting in Crimea

Alupka - 21, 30, 43 (Lenin st. 64)

Alushta - 30, 32, 56 (Sergeev-Tsensky st. 13)

Annovka (Belogorsky district) - 22, 32, 41

Belogorsk - 36, 37, 58 (Nizhnegorskaya st. 33a)

Dzhankoy - 24, 28, 30 (Kraynaya st. 20)

Evpatoria - 23, 29, 32 (Razdolnenskoe highway 17)

Factory (Leninsky district) - 27, 26, 30

Kerch - 24, 41, 43 (Ordzhonikidze 144)

Kirovskoe (Chernomorsky district) - 21, 24, 40

Krasnoperekopsk - 24, 31, 43 (Tavricheskaya 105)

Partenite - 26, 27, 37

Sevastopol - 30, 40, 47 (Prospect Pobedy 96)

Simferopol - 36, 37, 51 (Studencheskaya st. 14)

Sudak - 32, 49, 60 (Eastern Highway 33)

Feodosia - 26, 27, 30 (Simferopol highway 45a)

Foros - 21, 43, 44 (Cape Sarych)

Yalta - 26, 35, 37 (South coast highway 55)

To receive DVB-T2, you need (preferably) an external decimeter television antenna without an amplifier with a modern cable with minimal signal attenuation in it. It is possible to use all-wave antennas. More often than not, an antenna with a good cable will receive a better signal than an antenna with an amplifier and an old cable. The use of the Soviet cable RK-75 is not allowed, such a cable was not designed to receive signals in the UHF range, therefore it has large signal attenuation.

It also happens that in the same locality, for example, Nikolaevka, Zuya, depending on the place of reception, reception can be carried out from different directions. So on one side of the lowland in Zuya, the signal can only be received from Simferopol, and on the other side of the settlement only from Belogorsk.

If reception is carried out outside the line of sight of the direction to the transmitter, then the maximum signal is possible even in the opposite direction from the transmitter. In this case, the reflected signal is received. To determine the ideal orientation of the receiving antenna, select the manual channel search mode on the TV or set-top box, then enter one of the channels (preferably with a lower number from the list above) from the transmitter from which you want to receive a signal. Now you can see the received signal level scale and use it to orient the antenna.
Rotate the antenna 5-10° in any direction, mentally count to 10, record the signal strength. Rotate the antenna another 5-10° in the same direction
(next) and count down to 10 again and record the received signal level. Thus, rotate the antenna in a full turn around its axis by 360 °.
After that, you will see from your records from which direction the maximum signal is coming.

With the advent of the digital terrestrial television era, many cable and satellite networks began to think more and more about connecting free broadcasting. After all, according to the FTP, on the development of a network of digital terrestrial broadcasting, in open access will appear more than twenty TV channels in excellent quality absolutely free. Which include obligatory federal television channels.

The question arises - how to connect digital terrestrial television at home?

There is nothing difficult in this. To receive digital terrestrial television, you will need any subscriber equipment of the standard DVB-T2/MPEG-4 with mode support Multiple PLP and decimeter antenna ( DMV) range. The antenna can be either collective (installed on the house, also called common house) or individual, installed directly in your house or apartment. Depending on the distance to the transmitting center, it is necessary to select the desired antenna. They are divided into active (with amplifier) ​​and passive. When buying an antenna, you can first clarify the power of the transmitting equipment installed in your region and the distance to the transmitting center. Based on the data obtained, select an antenna.

Approximate range of transmitting stations:
10 W– about 3 km;
50 W– about 5 km;
100 W– about 15 km;
500 W– about 25 km;
1 kW- about 30-35 km;
2 kW- about 35-40 km;
5 kW- about 40 - 50 km.

Let's go directly to the receiving equipment. Three main groups can be distinguished: TV sets with a built-in DVB-T2 tuner, set-top boxes of the same standard, and DVB-T2 digital computer tuners. Their setup is similar, if not the same.

Video: how to set up DVB-T2 digital terrestrial television

It is best to connect a digital terrestrial set-top box according to the manufacturer's instructions, it is almost impossible to make a mistake there. Also, you can see official video from RTRS:

A few recommendations, also from RTRS:
connect the plug of the antenna cable and, if necessary, digital set-top box to the TV;
connect auto search for channels - the TV will tune in to the corresponding digital terrestrial channel, when tuning to a channel in manual mode, you must specify the channel frequency (for example, 35 TV channel, 685 MHz);
Most digital TVs (and set-top boxes) have a built-in signal level and quality indicator that will allow you to optimally tune your antenna to receive a digital terrestrial signal (see the instruction manual for your TV).

On TVs with a built-in DVB-T2 tuner, all manipulations are carried out through the TV menu. There shouldn't be any problems either.

We recommend updating the software of your subscriber equipment to the latest. This can be done in specialized services, or by yourself (if you are confident in your abilities). The software can usually be downloaded from the official websites of the manufacturer.

DVB-T2 digital channel frequencies:

21st TV channel - reception frequency 474 MHz;
22nd television channel- reception frequency 482 MHz;
23rd television channel- reception frequency 490 MHz;
24th television channel- reception frequency 498 MHz;
25th television channel- reception frequency 506 MHz;
26th television channel- reception frequency 514 MHz;
27th television channel- reception frequency 522 MHz;
28th television channel- reception frequency 530 MHz;
29th television channel- reception frequency 538 MHz;
30th television channel- reception frequency 546 MHz;
31st television channel- reception frequency 554 MHz;
32nd television channel- reception frequency 562 MHz;
33rd television channel- reception frequency 570 MHz;
34th television channel- reception frequency 578 MHz;
35th television channel- reception frequency 586 MHz;
36th television channel- reception frequency 594 MHz;
37th television channel- reception frequency 602 MHz;
38th television channel- reception frequency 610 MHz;
39th television channel- reception frequency 618 MHz;
40th television channel- reception frequency 626 MHz;
41st television channel- reception frequency 634 MHz;
42nd television channel- reception frequency 642 MHz;
43rd television channel- reception frequency 650 MHz;
44th television channel- reception frequency 658 MHz;
45th television channel- reception frequency 666 MHz;
46th television channel- reception frequency 674 MHz;
47th television channel- reception frequency 682 MHz;
48th television channel- reception frequency 690 MHz;
49th television channel- reception frequency 698 MHz;
50th television channel- reception frequency 706 MHz;
51st television channel- reception frequency 714 MHz;
52nd television channel- reception frequency 722 MHz;
53rd television channel- reception frequency 730 MHz;
54th television channel- reception frequency 738 MHz;
55th television channel- reception frequency 746 MHz;
56th television channel- reception frequency 754 MHz;
57th television channel- reception frequency 762 MHz;
58th television channel- reception frequency 770 MHz;
59th television channel- reception frequency 778 MHz;
60th television channel- reception frequency 786 MHz;
61st television channel- reception frequency 794 MHz;
62nd television channel- reception frequency 802 MHz;
63rd television channel- reception frequency 810 MHz;
64th television channel- reception frequency 818 MHz;
65th television channel- reception frequency 826 MHz;
66th television channel- reception frequency 834 MHz;
67th television channel- reception frequency 842 MHz;
68th television channel- reception frequency 850 MHz;
69th television channel- reception frequency 858 MHz.

Let us clarify that the equipment of the standard DVB-T not compatible with equipment DVB-T standard 2 .
You can ask questions about broadcasting digital terrestrial television by calling the free number of the single information center RTRS 8 800 220 2002 .

Digital terrestrial television channels (DVB-T2 standard)

First channel;
Russia 1;
Match TV;
NTV;
Channel 5;
Russia-Culture;
Russia 24;
Carousel;
OTR;
TVC.

Ren-TV;
Saved;
STS;
Home;
TV3;
FRIDAY;
Star;
World;
TNT;
Muz TV.

These channels are open and broadcast absolutely free.

When a new level of data transmission quality appeared, a digital network TV DVB-T2. Digital television provides high quality pictures and an excellent transmission signal. But to set up a connection to this network, you need to have the necessary knowledge, choose the right receiver and set it up well.

How to connect the T2 module and configure it will be described below.

How to connect a T2 set-top box to a TV

The T2 tuner is quite easy to connect to a TV. If you have had experience connecting players, antennas and other devices to a TV, then it will not be difficult to connect the receiver.

We connect the antenna to the receiver, and from it we connect the wires to the TV. This can be done using standard HDMI wires, "tulips" or SCART. The most important thing is that you do not have to pay for calling the master. However, if the master can connect the set-top box to the TV for free, then you should leave it to him.

How to connect DVB-T2 to a TV without a set-top box

To connect your TV directly to a DVB-T2 network without buying a receiver, you can immediately purchase a TV with a built-in DVB-T2 tuner. This saves space, time and costs. Among other things, it will be possible to control T2 channels with one remote control from the TV while there will be two remote controls with the receiver.

Today, almost all LCD TVs have a built-in tuner, which makes it easy to connect. Simply insert the antenna into the desired socket.

How to set up DVB-T2 using the receiver

After installing and connecting the receiver, you need to set up the TV. To do this, we perform simple steps:

  • We go to the console menu.
  • Click "Quick Setup".
  • If the default is another country, then set "Russia".
  • Then you must select the standard "DVB T2". Often stands in the field of the DVB T / DVB T2 standard, which leads to the fact that the receiver is looking for DVB T quality channels, and only then DVB T2. We need DVB T2 and its excellent quality.
  • Then click "Auto-tune" and everything will be done automatically.
  • After finding the channels, you can also look at the quality of the connection by pressing the "Info" button.

Thus, you can set the receiver to receive all the channels you need. But the setup doesn't always go smoothly. Sometimes, problems arise.

What to do if DVB T2 setup does not work

There are several options why the setting does not occur:

  • The problem is in the receiver;
  • The problem is in the antenna;
  • TV problem.

First, try tuning with a different antenna. If it helps, then the problem is in the antenna, and if not, then the receiver is to blame.

If the antenna is to blame, then only a specialist will help it. If the receiver, then there are several options. First, the receiver may have the wrong firmware. Then you need to reflash the prefix. To do this, go to the manufacturer's website, download new firmware, write it to a USB flash drive and insert it into the receiver. It will update itself and the problem will be fixed.

If updating the firmware does not help, then the problem here is most likely in the electronics. In this case, it is better to hand over the prefix to the service or change it under warranty.

You can also check the TV itself. To do this, use the set-top box on another TV, and if it works, then it may be in the TV settings. In this case, please contact the manufacturer. There they will be able to tell you how to correctly set the TV settings to connect the receiver.

How to choose a prefix for DVB-T2

The choice among receivers is quite large. Here are the most popular receivers that are recommended to buy:

  • Trimax TR-2012HD
  • Strong SRT-8500
  • Strong SRT-8502
  • Thomson THT702
  • Trimax TR-2012HD PVR (TR-2013HD PVR)

Their price starts from 1000 rubles and above, depending on the functions. More expensive receivers have more fine settings, better reception signal, more different inputs for connection. additional devices and also they are faster. Compared to satellite set-top boxes, a DVB-T2 receiver is inexpensive.

You can also go to any hardware store and there, on the spot, choose new receiver by consulting with a specialist.

The introduction on the territory of Ukraine of terrestrial digital television of the DVB-T2 standard has made it possible to significantly expand the zones of reliable reception of the signal from TV towers, in comparison with the analog signal. Also, the ease of setup and installation of T2 did their job, they have become much more popular than satellite TV with MFA channels.

Let's move on to the practical side and talk about the direct installation of all the equipment necessary to receive a digital DVB-T2 signal. Many modern TVs are already equipped with an integrated DVB-T2 receiver, in which case it is enough to find out the position of the repeater, point the antenna at it and scan the available channels using the TV. In the case of a simple TV, the installation and connection of T2 is somewhat different, we will discuss it now. To install T2 in standard version would need:

    1. DVB-T2 digital receiver , the form factor you need, for example for hidden installation with a remote IR sensor, etc. The choice is now huge, there is practically no significant difference, everyone can choose for their needs. Practice shows that it is worth buying in a reliable store with a guarantee, we suggest you buy a receiver from our partners who will provide you with service, warranty and repair.

      Buy digital set-top box MINI DVB-T2 with delivery from China

  1. UHF Antenna , in practice, the so-called "Polish antennas" are often used, you can also purchase an antenna manufactured by Konvaliya, Margoon, etc., you just have to take into account that the antenna must be taken with a margin of gain, since it is possible to predict how the signal will be received in a particular case hard to say. It is also desirable that it has an amplification board that can be powered both from and from outdoor unit nutrition.
  2. Cable, regular TV , almost anyone will do, but it is better to take with a percentage of filling with a braid of 50%.
  3. RCA or HDMI cable to connect receiver to TV may be included or must be purchased separately.

Connecting digital T2 using the World-Vision T38 receiver as an example

First you need to install the antenna, if it has not been installed before. It’s probably stupid to advise anything here, I’ll just say follow the manufacturer’s recommendations, and at least first turn it in the necessary direction. In which direction to direct the antenna, you can find out by looking at neighboring antennas or calculate the direction, for example, using Google or Yandex maps.



Connecting the T2 digital receiver to the antenna will also not cause great difficulties, the manufacturer and standardization make this process simple and it is quite difficult to make a mistake here.


When connecting, it’s hard to confuse something, the RCA cable is connected simply, just follow the color on the plug and on the socket, yellow to yellow, white to white, red to red. The antenna connector will also not allow you to connect other plugs to it, in this receiver model it is located on the left side. It is also possible to connect via HDMI, everything is simple here, the COAX connector is used to connect a digital audio signal amplifier and is practically not used in standard configurations.

After all the cords are in place, we connect the last one - the power supply connector, for this model it is located on the side panel.


This completes the connection of the T2 receiver. Next, you need to turn on the TV and receiver. By pressing the “AV-TV” switch button on the TV remote control, we switch from the antenna jack to the “tulips”, on newer TVs we select the input to which the receiver is connected. The following should appear on the screen:




The receiver will restart and a menu will appear with a search for channels and setting the initial parameters of the receiver:


Select the parameters and click "Auto Search", the receiver will scan and display the found channels.


If not all channels are found or there are none at all, we adjust the antenna and repeat the search from the receiver's menu until the number of channels and reception quality satisfy you. Happy viewing!

Surely, many Russian users interested in terrestrial television have already heard about the gradual transition to digital broadcasting the whole country. Many viewers do not suspect what needs to be done to switch to digital TV, whether additional equipment needs to be purchased or not. In this article I will try to answer all the questions of users who plan to use digital TV on their TVs, because the digital television standard thanks to information technology is converted into a new service for the viewer.

The advantages of digital TV and the disadvantages of analog

The main disadvantage of the analog signal is poor protection against interference, as well as a rather wide radio band. frequency spectrum needed to broadcast one channel. Therefore, we were limited to a maximum of two dozen color channels on the air, and an average of 70 on cable networks. With an analog signal, it is rather difficult to make a service convenient for the user and operator (for example, to implement the ability quick connection and disabling channel packages). In addition, analog TV needs high power transmitters with a large coverage area.

The digital signal is devoid of these shortcomings. The main advantage of digital TV is that the signal can be compressed using modern algorithms (eg MPEG). By compressing the signal in the frequency range of one analog television channel, you can fit up to 10 digital channels approximately the same image quality. How exactly to encode and compress a signal is determined by a single standard. Today, in Europe and Russia, the main family of standards is DVB, a product of the international consortium DVB Project. The family includes standards for satellite, terrestrial, cable and mobile television, which differ in the degree of compression, noise immunity and other parameters (depending on the transmission medium used).

Benefits of Digital TV

  • noise immunity, the possibility of compression;
  • image quality improvement (digital signal is less sensitive to noise than analog signal);
  • more terrestrial channels compared to analogue broadcasting.

World Digital TV Standards

In America, the ATSC standard developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee is widespread, in Japan ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting) is rapidly developing, Russia has followed the European path, adopting the DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) standard as a basis.

Switching to digital

A massive transition to digital television broadcasting standards in the world took place in the early 2000s. In our country, state broadcasting channels began the transition to digital in 2009 as part of federal program"Development of TV and radio broadcasting in the Russian Federation for 2009-2015". DVB-T2 was chosen as a single standard for digital broadcasting, which allows you to place more digital channels on the frequency band than its predecessor DVB-T, but this does not mean an increase in the resolution of the broadcast picture. HD-quality on the air, we should wait only in the distant future. To date, DVB-T2 transmitters are already operating almost throughout the country. Somewhere so far only the first multiplex (a package of 10 digital channels) is on, in other areas the second one is already available. This means that if you have the appropriate TV or an additional set-top box, you can receive and watch 20 channels for free in decent quality and almost without interference. The program for the development of digital television in Russia implies the renewal of only distribution and transmission equipment. Viewers have to think about replacing receivers on their own, because in order to receive a digital terrestrial television signal, DVB-T2 TV tuner, and a similar one is provided only in . To receive a signal with old devices, viewers will have to purchase and install a set-top box at home.

DVB video compression formats

DVB standard- is not Full description format of digital television, but a method for a specific implementation of the broadcast. Various video coding systems (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, etc.) can be used within this standard, but not all of them are backwards compatible. The most common compression formats are MPEG-2 ( best quality pictures) and MPEG-4 (has the best compression). Russian digital TV will use MPEG-4 compression. TVs that support the MPEG-4 standard can also work with MPEG-2, but not vice versa, since MPEG-2, in turn, is used by cable operators that are not limited in bandwidth and the picture compressed by this codec is much better.

Analog dish or satellite dish?

Working principle with satellite dish . You need to buy and install a set of equipment receiving the signal: a "dish", an access card to satellite channels and a set-top box (satellite receiver), which provides the transformation of the received digital signal in a TV-friendly analog. Satellite receiver is a device that provides signal transformation from DVB ( various systems decoding) into a format accepted by a consumer TV. To such a set-top box, you can connect the wire of a cable operator or a familiar terrestrial television antenna. Intermediate equipment may not be needed, as many modern TVs support the standard DVB-T, which means compatible with MPEG-4 compression, and no special antenna is required to receive a digital signal.

In order not to change the TV, there is an alternative - CAM module. It is a kind of expansion card that is inserted into the TV and gives it the functionality of a set-top box, but to use this component, the TV must have a CAM interface. I will tell you more about the CAM module in the section on digital cable TV.

Satellite platforms officially operating in Russia use the DVB-S and DVB-S2 standards. Reception requires a properly installed antenna (the diameter of which depends on the geographic location of the subscriber and the selected satellite), a receiver with a valid access card and a TV.

DVB-T2 - the new digital TV standard

DVB-T2 standard- This is the second generation of the European digital broadcasting standard DVB-T. It is designed to improve the capacity of television networks by at least 30% compared to DVB-T with the same network infrastructure and frequency resources.

Advantages of the DVB-T2 standard:

  • increase in the number of channels of the broadcast package;
  • the possibility of organizing "local" broadcasting;
  • the possibility of developing high-definition television;
  • release of ethereal frequencies.

The use of the DVB-T2 standard in subscriber devices creates a technological basis for providing digital terrestrial television broadcasting through networks additional services and HDTV. In the future, it is possible to introduce a new interactive technology, thanks to which the capabilities of a familiar TV will become an analogue of Smart TV. So when buying a TV, pay attention to the support of the DVB-T2 standard.

Image resolution in digital television

A typical television signal is "standard definition" ( Standard Definition,SD), there is also an improved quality signal option ( "increased clarity") - 480p, 576p, 480i or 576i. The number indicates the number of pixels in height, and the letter indicates the type of scanning - interlaced (i) or progressive (p). The number of pixels in width depends on the aspect ratio of the picture, which leads to the existence of several more varieties of high-definition signal. There are no less than four variants of SD in today's analog TV. If your TV has DVB-T support, there will be no compatibility issues. Cable and satellite operators, as a rule, offer one or another version of the "increased definition" image. AT this moment The DVB-T standard is considered obsolete and has been replaced by DVB-T2. In Russia, on-air digital broadcasting is carried out in DVB-T2 standard with support for MPEG4 video signal compression standard and Multiple PLP mode.

High definition television (High Definition TV, HDTV) – the best quality on this moment. HDTV comes in two versions - 1080i and 720p. The 720p format has a resolution of 1280x720 pixels and progressive scan, and the 1080i format has an image resolution of 1920x1080 pixels with interlaced scan. Formally, the number of pixels in a 720p image is half that of 1080i, but in 720p a whole frame is formed in one pass, and in 1080i half. 1080i is more suitable for footage with a minimum of movement and a maximum of detail, while 720p is the opposite, for this reason there is no need to compare them.

Digital cable television

In parallel with the transformation of terrestrial television, cable operators also thought about optimizing the frequency spectrum and developing services. In the field of cable television, a typical development path is the launch of broadcasting in the DVB-C format (a version of the DVB standard for cable networks, which has a lower degree of compression and less noise immunity compared to the on-air standard, which is quite acceptable in a “cable”). When switching to digital, operators get the opportunity to manage content flexibly, for example, allocating channel packages, opening and closing access to them for users, etc. So-called access cards are used to decrypt coded channels by the subscriber. Each coding system has its own, but the standard provides a universal connector for connecting a CAM module to a TV or set-top box for a certain type of encoding, into which an access card is already installed.


Like DVB-T2, the cable version of digital TV supports high definition (HD) content. But whether or not to include HD channels in their network, each operator decides independently. It should be noted that almost all cable networks in Russia, where digital television has been launched, offer HD channels. Some even experimented with 3D channels.

Equipment for receiving DVB-T2 and DVB-C

To view a digital cable network signal, you need equipment that accepts the appropriate standard. TVs and set-top boxes with DVB-C support appeared on sale back in 2007, so if you have changed your TV receiver in the past few years, then you most likely have support for the cable version of the DVB standard. Ideally, to connect to cable digital television, the owner of such a TV just needs to purchase a CAM module from the operator and install an access card there. But since each operator determines the policy of the service, CAM modules are sometimes not offered, and then subscribers need to purchase an intermediary device - a set-top box with support for the conditional access system (CAS) used by the operator. Most often, such devices are “sharpened” for only one COURT.

If the cable operator offers HD channels, then the equipment must also accept HD resolution in order to view them. In general, DVB-C (DVB-T/T2) support does not mean Full HD support (image resolution 1920×1080 pixels for both TVs and set-top boxes). A similar situation is with 3D channels.

The fact that the TV supports the cable version of the DVB standard does not mean at all that it decodes the on-air version of the "numbers" as well. Deliveries of equipment with DVB-T2 support to our country began only in 2012. So it's safe to say that if your TV was purchased earlier, then it will not "understand" the DVB-T2 standard. Cable set-top boxes also rarely accept DVB-T2. If your TV device does not allow you to receive the on-air "digit" by default, it is not necessary to change it. You can limit yourself to buying a set-top box for DVB-T2. Digital TV tuners this standard are available in various designs, including as compact accessories for tablets and computers with a USB connector.

TV over the Internet

An Internet channel is also used to transmit a digital television signal between the telecom operator and the viewer's TV. Global network television projects can be divided into IPTV and OTT. Although OTT is a subset of IPTV, they are usually treated as separate services. It is generally accepted that IPTV is a service within the operator's network that provides real-time broadcasting of channels, and OTT (Over The Top) is any video service (not only broadcasting channels, but also a cinema, that is, video on demand) provided via the Internet . Many common operator platforms support both options within the same service, so it makes no sense to talk about a strict separation of IPTV and OTT.

Equipment for IPTV or OTT

At the moment, TV manufacturers have not yet agreed on a single standard for IPTV services (OTT). Therefore, for now, viewers are forced to choose between several available options for watching TV over the Internet:

  • – operators provide applications to connect the service. It is important that you cannot use a third-party solution here: the only one who can release such a program for this particular network is the operator providing the service.
  • - the ability to connect to an IPTV TV is determined by the presence of connectors for connecting a set-top box. The cost of such devices, however, is somewhat higher than that of ethereal set-top boxes. There are even universal devices that work in networks different operators(reconnection may require changing the firmware of the gadget, but at least not buying new equipment), as well as acting as a home media center (for example, Dune HD).
  • watching channels on computer often the “computer” package is smaller and HD channels are less likely to be found there.
  • television on mobile devices.

Note that HD, 3D and even channels can be broadcast in IPTV. But to view them, you need a set-top box and a TV that supports these standards and resolutions.

TV on mobile devices

The idea of ​​mobile television has gained momentum by combining high-speed mobile Internet and IPTV. Its advantage over terrestrial, cable and satellite digital standards lies in the fact that potentially a television signal can be received not only on specially produced devices, but also with the help of any mobile device, including a smartphone or tablet. This is used by many telecom operators who have previously deployed IPTV (OTT) projects. To work with encoded content, telecom operators release applications for mobile gadgets. Moreover, often such programs allow you to manage a subscription to channels or a home set-top box. Recently, many projects have appeared that are not related to any telecom operator or provider at all, but only offer video content for smartphone users, such as Amediateka, free IVI, etc.

I hope now you understand the differences between the types of digital TV: cable, Internet TV, satellite and terrestrial.

With the advent of the era of digital terrestrial television, many subscribers of cable and satellite networks began to think more and more about connecting free broadcasting. After all, according to the FTP, on the development of a digital broadcasting network, in the public domain there will be more than twenty TV channels in excellent quality absolutely free. Which include obligatory federal television channels.

The question arises - how to connect digital terrestrial television at home?

There is nothing difficult in this. To receive digital terrestrial television, you will need any subscriber equipment of the standard DVB-T2/MPEG-4 with mode support Multiple PLP and decimeter antenna ( DMV) range. The antenna can be either collective (installed on the house, also called common house) or individual, installed directly in your house or apartment. Depending on the distance to the transmitting center, it is necessary to select the desired antenna. They are divided into active (with amplifier) ​​and passive. When buying an antenna, you can first clarify the power of the transmitting equipment installed in your region and the distance to the transmitting center. Based on the data obtained, select an antenna.

Approximate range of transmitting stations:
10 W– about 3 km;
50 W– about 5 km;
100 W– about 15 km;
500 W– about 25 km;
1 kW- about 30-35 km;
2 kW- about 35-40 km;
5 kW- about 40 - 50 km.

Let's go directly to the receiving equipment. Three main groups can be distinguished: TV sets with a built-in DVB-T2 tuner, set-top boxes of the same standard, and DVB-T2 digital computer tuners. Their setup is similar, if not the same.

Check if your TV can receive a DVB-T2 signal

Video: how to set up DVB-T2 digital terrestrial television

It is best to connect a digital terrestrial set-top box according to the manufacturer's instructions, it is almost impossible to make a mistake there. Also, you can watch the official video from RTRS:

A few recommendations, also from RTRS:
connect the plug of the antenna cable and, if necessary, the digital set-top box to the TV;
connect auto search for channels - the TV will tune in to the corresponding digital terrestrial channel, when tuning to a channel in manual mode you must specify the channel frequency (for example, 35 TV channel, 685 MHz);
in most digital TVs(and in set-top boxes) there is a built-in indicator of the signal level and quality, which will allow you to optimally tune your antenna to receive a digital terrestrial signal (see the instruction manual for the TV).

On TVs with a built-in DVB-T2 tuner, all manipulations are carried out through the TV menu. There shouldn't be any problems either.

We recommend updating the software of your subscriber equipment to the latest. This can be done in specialized services, or by yourself (if you are confident in your abilities). Software As a rule, you can download from the official websites of the manufacturer.

DVB-T2 digital channel frequencies:

21st television channel- reception frequency 474 MHz;
22nd television channel- reception frequency 482 MHz;
23rd television channel- reception frequency 490 MHz;
24th television channel- reception frequency 498 MHz;
25th television channel- reception frequency 506 MHz;
26th television channel- reception frequency 514 MHz;
27th television channel- reception frequency 522 MHz;
28th television channel- reception frequency 530 MHz;
29th television channel- reception frequency 538 MHz;
30th television channel- reception frequency 546 MHz;
31st television channel- reception frequency 554 MHz;
32nd television channel- reception frequency 562 MHz;
33rd television channel- reception frequency 570 MHz;
34th television channel- reception frequency 578 MHz;
35th television channel- reception frequency 586 MHz;
36th television channel- reception frequency 594 MHz;
37th television channel- reception frequency 602 MHz;
38th television channel- reception frequency 610 MHz;
39th television channel- reception frequency 618 MHz;
40th television channel- reception frequency 626 MHz;
41st television channel- reception frequency 634 MHz;
42nd television channel- reception frequency 642 MHz;
43rd television channel- reception frequency 650 MHz;
44th television channel- reception frequency 658 MHz;
45th television channel- reception frequency 666 MHz;
46th television channel- reception frequency 674 MHz;
47th television channel- reception frequency 682 MHz;
48th television channel- reception frequency 690 MHz;
49th television channel- reception frequency 698 MHz;
50th television channel- reception frequency 706 MHz;
51st television channel- reception frequency 714 MHz;
52nd television channel- reception frequency 722 MHz;
53rd television channel- reception frequency 730 MHz;
54th television channel- reception frequency 738 MHz;
55th television channel- reception frequency 746 MHz;
56th television channel- reception frequency 754 MHz;
57th television channel- reception frequency 762 MHz;
58th television channel- reception frequency 770 MHz;
59th television channel- reception frequency 778 MHz;
60th television channel- reception frequency 786 MHz;
61st television channel- reception frequency 794 MHz;
62nd television channel- reception frequency 802 MHz;
63rd television channel- reception frequency 810 MHz;
64th television channel- reception frequency 818 MHz;
65th television channel- reception frequency 826 MHz;
66th television channel- reception frequency 834 MHz;
67th television channel- reception frequency 842 MHz;
68th television channel- reception frequency 850 MHz;
69th television channel- reception frequency 858 MHz.

Let us clarify that the equipment of the standard DVB-T is not compatible with DVB-T2 equipment.
You can ask questions about broadcasting digital terrestrial television by calling the free number of the single information center RTRS 8 800 220 2002 .

Digital terrestrial television channels (DVB-T2 standard)


first channel;
Russia 1;
Match TV;
NTV;
Channel 5;
Russia-Culture;
Russia 24;
Carousel;
OTR;
TVC.

Ren-TV;
Saved;
STS;
Home;
TV3;
FRIDAY;
Star;
World;
TNT;
Muz TV.

These channels are open and broadcast absolutely free.