In order to create software, which will optimize the work of housing and communal services, all programming languages ​​are used. All software is divided into two groups: software products and software for local use. In the case of software for local use, housing and communal services issues are resolved at the enterprise where the specialists who created it work. The second group is not intended for sale. At the heart of many systems there is a set of tools that allow you to speed up the creation process, as well as the ability to maintain the system on site. In this case, the presence of a programmer is not required. Perhaps the most popular platform is 1C.

To date, automation of the management of an apartment building has great importance. For automation, you can implement a system 1C:VDGB: Accounting in the management companies of housing and communal services, HOA and ZhSK 8. It is intended for use in DEZs, housing cooperatives, HOAs, as well as managers and other organizations that calculate various utilities, as well as passport accounting. This system is an effective tool that helps to make management decisions with the help of universal and specialized reports that provide transparency of the entire accounting process, as well as reduce labor intensity due to the automation of basic operations. The program can be used both for a small partnership of owners, and for a fairly large management company.

Any modern organization will sooner or later need to put documents in order. Otherwise, problems start after a while. For example, at the right time, the necessary documents may simply not be found. Document files can be hosted on the server. This will make it easier to find them. In addition, it can be used Email in case of need to transfer any document. In this case, it is necessary to introduce electronic document management.

On the this moment time there is a series electronic document management systems. It is only necessary to choose the one that is suitable in each case. Primarily, important point is the economic efficiency of electronic document management. If the system is chosen in the right way, then the costs are reduced. Of course, without a certain kind of problems can not do. When introducing electronic document management, there is usually no desire to learn from employees and managers. Some managers are simply afraid to work with a computer.

Perhaps one of the main issues that arise, including in the HOA, is the debt for utilities. In this case, it is necessary to work with debtors for employees of the HOA, moreover, systematically and systematically. The efficiency of work in this case can be improved thanks to the developed software. A program usually consists of several applications that perform different functions. To facilitate the work of HOA employees with debtors, a sufficient set of tools is provided in the application.

Accounting in the HOA

There are a number of characteristic features of accounting in the HOA. First of all, this includes numerous personal accounts, since a fairly large amount of information needs to be controlled for one apartment. These include specifications apartment, its address, information about its owners, as well as a list of services that are provided, benefits and much more. Further, we note that the HOA is an intermediary between the utility provider and residents. This indicates a careful attitude to what amount was collected from the residents and the amount that was transferred to the account of the service provider. In fact, there are more such points and all this is monitored by one person. An accountant working in a large house had to do a lot of work. All this resulted in the automation of accounting.

With regard to automation, today the following areas can be distinguished:

• Software for accounting, as well as for calculating the payment of housing;
• programs designed only to pay for housing;
• programs to address a narrow range of issues.

In relation to the first two directions, it should be noted that such software makes it possible to carry out accounting and accrual of utilities. This greatly facilitates the work of the accountant, and the probability of error is minimized. Software developers offer the same set of features.

Thanks to the use of new software that improves the efficiency of the HOA, time costs are reduced, as well as the costs of various resources. This will have a positive effect on the formation trusting relationship between control bodies and consumers of services.

Articles about control automation

• Ways to solve the problems of introducing information technologies in housing and communal services

Any inhabitant of a "smart" home dreams of being energy efficient. And if the requirements of a private customer to install a resource consumption control system can be implemented by an integrator, then with multi-apartment buildings that make up the main fund of housing and communal services, things are much more complicated.

Federal Law No. 261 "On Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvement" requires rapid action to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. At the first stage, all houses should be equipped with common house meters. Then counters will appear in each apartment. According to legislators, the installation of metering devices and payment for energy resources upon consumption will help improve the energy efficiency of the house as a whole and reduce the cost of paying for housing and communal services by residents. In addition, the accounting system will allow you to accumulate data, analyze them, plan measures to improve energy saving and energy efficiency, and evaluate their results. At the same time, all this can be done both at the level of an individual apartment or HOA, and at the level of a quarter, microdistrict, city, federal district and the whole country.

How to create an automated accounting system

Any city building is connected to engineering networks and equipped with 5 main channels: electricity, gas supply, water supply, heating and hot water supply (DHW), which are of particular importance in terms of energy saving. Accounting for the consumption of resources by these channels is quite simple to organize. An entrance node is formed in the corresponding room of the building, a meter is installed in this node. It, in turn, is connected to the controller, the data from which is sent to the communication center, usually GSM, and then transferred to the server where the accounting system is installed. According to this scheme, various automated systems for the commercial accounting of electricity (ASKUE) and heating are built.

Any city building is connected to utility networks

The advantages of such systems include their maturity and accumulated experience in their installation and operation. The cons are much more. As a rule, such systems are not ready for integrated accounting of all resources, and it is obvious that the creation of 4-5 essentially identical systems will always be more difficult and costly than one universal one. The second disadvantage is related to the high cost. If the cost of the resource metering unit of the entire apartment building is 200-300 thousand rubles. is still justified, then for each apartment it should be significantly lower. The third negative factor is the short period of the calibration interval, which can be agreed with in relation to general house, but not apartment meters. Ideally, the meter should be simple, reliable, have a long operating time without verification, and be quickly replaced after failure.

Among the other disadvantages of AMRMS is the lack of a sufficient regulatory framework and, accordingly, standardized solutions with a single protocol for transmitting or receiving data to central accounting servers. There is no need to explain what a heterogeneous “zoo” of decisions can lead to even within the same microdistrict. In addition, specialized software has not yet been created that would allow taking into account all resources, analyzing this data and generating forecasts and warnings on the scale of a house, quarter, microdistrict, district and city.

Such software should solve various problems. For example, during peak hours of electricity consumption - to recommend measures to save it, in the event of an accident - to help in solving the problem of speedy restoration of the system and maintaining heat in the housing stock. In addition, the software or its individual packages that have a common database should allow users, residents of all apartments and houses, to access their personal resource accounting pages, for example, through a regular browser, and analyze their own consumption up to the daily one. Note that it is on the basis of these data that residents would like to receive unified bills for consumed resources. But the question of who exactly will form them has not yet been resolved.

The last and, perhaps, the most important, but not yet so obvious, disadvantage is that such systems do not offer a unified concept for building apartment accounting systems, their integration and subsequent development towards automation of the entire building.

All of these shortcomings make it possible to create a table of requirements for automated resource accounting systems (ASUR) of both the general house and the apartment level.

Table of parameters of ASUR components

№	Name	Options to choose from
		Cost, thousand rubles	Service life, thousand hours	Verification period, years	Payback, years	Notes
1	Apartment electric meter	Up to 1.5	90	7-10	2-4	Three-tariff mode of operation provides the controller
2	Water meter	1,5-2	60	5-7	Until 3	Wireless, with battery >3 years
3	Heat meter	2-3	60	5-7	2-3	Wireless, with battery >3 years
4	gas meter	1,5-2,5	50	5-6	2-4	With leakage sensor
5	Controller - storey calculator	6-7	> 100	-	Up to 5	Standard protocols KNX, LonTalk, Modbus, ZigBee
6	UPS source - storey	3-4	> 100	-	-	Ensuring work until 12 noon.
7	Controller - house server	7-10	> 110	-	Up to 7	Standard Protocols
8	UPS source - brownie	5-7	> 110	-	-	Ensuring work up to 48 hours.
9	Modem	2-3	50	-	2-3	GSM, GPRS, WiMAX, 4G

The table shows the average requirements that apply to systems installed in urban apartment buildings. The cost of installing and connecting one sensor-meter at complete solution should be 200-300 rubles, and annual maintenance should not exceed 50-100 rubles. per year per account.

The development of common approaches is a state task

The federal program for improving energy efficiency and similar regional programs, taking into account the scale of specific cities and local weather conditions, would allow each city to develop its own options for building ASMS based on a unified approach. Unfortunately, such an approach does not yet exist.

Apparently, the current situation suits all the parties involved in the resource supply process. However, difficult times are coming for ordinary citizens, homeowners associations and other consumers: there are government orders on the introduction of energy-saving technologies, but there are no clear recommendations on how to do this comprehensively and efficiently. At this time, the market is dominated by disparate solutions, which cannot be evaluated in the absence of transparent quality criteria.

Unfortunately, realizing the need to modernize production and housing and communal services in terms of resource consumption, the state has not fully understood that this requires rules, technical regulations, GOSTs, in terms of development costs of which Russia lags behind Germany by 100 times.

The lack of unified principles for building modern ASMS for housing and communal services is only the visible part of the iceberg of problems that everyone needs to solve - both politicians who care about the opinion of citizens regarding tariff growth, and investors who are ready to perceive the prospects of innovative areas, and companies involved in the construction of houses and their operation.

How to automate an apartment building

Below is one of the optimal options for building ASMS in apartment building, which takes into account not only the current tasks of energy saving and energy efficiency, but also safety and comfort issues when integrated with building automation systems (BMS).

The scheme for accounting for common house resources (on the right) is almost the same as the currently existing ones, with some exceptions. Firstly, building ASMS data can also be transferred to integrated system(CSOB), so the server ensures that they are represented in a standard format and protocol, such as XML and SOAP. Secondly, to increase the reliability of the system in each house, two controllers can be used - servers that are included in a single data exchange network. If we take into account that the failure of the controller-server in this system, for example, for a day, will not lead to the loss of data by the floor controllers-computers, then it is possible to install one controller-server per house, but at the same time have several pieces in the replacement fund with the possibility of quick replacement. Thirdly, in order to increase fault tolerance and maintain operability even in case of emergency shutdowns of external power supply, the nodes of servers, data transmission and modems must be provided with sources uninterruptible power supply(UPS).

Modern energy metering system in an apartment building

Source: CNews Analytics, 2010

Let's take a closer look at the left side of the scheme - the apartment accounting system. Note that not only wireless meters, but also more reliable wired solutions can be used for its operation. This will not change the presented general concept of the ERMS system. But, it is necessary to clearly understand that the use of wired sensors leads to the need to lay cables and routes and, accordingly, to construction work, and hence the increase in the cost of the system. Wireless meters can be various types, the main thing is to provide power with a battery and / or with a small solar battery for a period of at least 3 years.

Such modern meters can form a reconfigured dynamic network, which, with the minimum radio power of each transmitter, ensures the reliability of the data acquisition and control system. Moreover, the frequency of data transmission per day from such a counter can be different - from single to simple systems before transmitting several times per hour for real-time analysis. All data collected by the meters is sent to the controller - a floor calculator, which is connected to all apartments on the floor and has the ability to process data with a margin of at least 10% in terms of the number of connected meters and computing power.

To ensure the reliability of the controllers on the floors, use a small UPS. After processing, information from each floor is sent to the controller, which acts as a house server and guarantees the required degree of data archiving, converts them into a standard format and provides modem control for receiving / transmitting them further to the central resource accounting servers. To ensure duplication, it is possible to include 2 or more servers in the ring network of the building. And to reduce the cost of individual parts of the system, it is possible to use one server for several entrances.

It is necessary to pay attention to the presence of two modems that can operate in a single network at home, so that any data from the ASUR system, even in the event of an accident with one modem, can be transmitted through another device. The operation of modems can be different depending on the tasks assigned to the system. For example, to take readings from apartment meters, it is enough once a month for the central accounting server to “get through” to the house controller - the server and take all the readings at a time, and for operational house accounting online, it is enough to transmit this data to the central server several times an hour. At the same time, it is important to choose the most acceptable conditions and tariffs of telecom operators for the transfer of this information. In homes that are connected to the Internet, it is wiser to transfer information using it. The same system can be used to relay emergency information to residents who are away from home, in the form of electronic messages. Moreover, such ASMS can be easily expanded and integrated with video surveillance, security and fire systems in the future to ensure safer and more comfortable living in an apartment building.

Ideally, one would like to create a data collection system subordinate to a centralized city independent organization, which, on the one hand, provides data to the consumer so that he can analyze and reduce resource consumption, and on the other hand, sends it to the resource provider for prompt settlements with the consumer . In this case, the answer to the question of how the user finds out the amount of resources consumed by him for payment becomes obvious: all calculations are carried out in a single transaction in accordance with the data generated using the central server archives.

Unfortunately, so far there are no companies that would be completely ready to switch to such a resource consumption accounting system, but with the availability of ASMS, this can be done not only by resource supplying enterprises, but also by HOAs and management companies. In an emergency, data can be obtained from the website of the calculation organization or directly from the LCD screen of the floor calculator after simple manipulations with the control buttons.

There are about 40 million households and apartments in Russia. To equip them with a minimum set of electricity meters, it will take about 1.5-1.7 billion dollars, and taking into account the creation of a control system as a whole, with installation and configuration at the rate of about 100 dollars per metering point, the minimum cost of the project can be 5, 5-5.7 billion dollars. Leading companies are beginning to understand the prospects of this direction and are trying to secure their share in the emerging market in advance. So, AFK "Sistema" and "Rosnano" plan to become participants in the state program to equip Russian apartments with wireless "smart" meters - the Fund for Assistance to Housing and Utilities Reform sent a corresponding letter to the government of the Russian Federation. Perhaps the active participation of the state in the introduction of energy-saving technologies will finally make this process more efficient.

Description:

When transferring houses to the self-government of citizens, it is necessary to create prerequisites for the organization of professional management of a residential building. This refers to the operation of an apartment building, and outreach work directly with residents, and contractual work with service and resource providers.

Dispatching of an apartment building

Resource accounting subsystem. General house heat metering unit

The Unified Information and Settlement Center checks the files for compliance with the established formats and uploads them to the software module of the “Automated Control System for the Activities of the Unified Information and Settlement Center” (APCS EIRC).

The software module "Calculation of volumes" requests additional data that is necessary for calculating the volumes of consumption by end subscribers: physical and legal entities from other software modules of the ACS EIRC - "Software module for settlements with individuals" and "Software module for settlements with legal entities". Monthly calculation of consumption volumes by end users is carried out according to algorithms developed on the basis of a methodology for distributing volumes and costs of cold and hot water and sanitation services between subscribers and consumers based on meter readings.

The calculated volumes of services consumed during the billing period are loaded into personal accounts in software modules ACS EIRC "Settlements with individuals" and "Settlements with legal entities", where the formation of accruals and printing of payment documents for actually consumed volumes is carried out.

In accordance with the Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 983-PP dated 06.12.2005, water consumption standards were approved in m 3 per 1 person per month. In residential buildings equipped with water supply, sewerage, baths with central hot water supply, the water consumption standard is 11.68 m 3, i.e. 384 l / day, including cold water - 6.935 m 3 (230 l / day) and hot water - 4.745 m 3 (154 l / day).

An analysis of water consumption (Fig. 7) shows that the consumption of cold water in 18 apartments (41%) per day does not exceed 100 liters, in 17 apartments (50%) the daily water consumption ranges from 100 to 230 liters. In 3 apartments (9%), daily water consumption exceeds the standard.

As a result of the inspection, it was found that in three apartments the owners are not registered, however, the apartment meter shows the water consumption. When calculating according to the indications of a common house meter, this situation could become problematic, since non-resident owners are not charged for water.

In an uninhabited apartment, the meter showed the water consumption, which allowed the management company to timely establish and eliminate the leak.

On the fact of a significant overspending, an inspection was carried out, which established that 1 person was registered in a separate apartment, and actually 4 people live.

On fig. 8. The structure of hot water consumption according to the indications of apartment meters is presented. Hot water consumption in 14 apartments (32%) does not exceed 100 l/day, in 13 apartments (36%) - water consumption varies from 100 to 154 l/day. In 11 apartments (32%), daily water consumption exceeds the standard. During the inspection, it was found that the temperature of the hot water supplied to residents did not meet the standard.

When organizing settlements according to the readings of apartment metering devices, the most difficult is the one-time taking of readings and transferring them to a single information and settlement center for the formation of a single payment document. Only modern electronics can cope with this task. So, the management company has approached the third stage - equipping a residential building with an automated resource accounting system (ARMS). The system is designed for automated readings, monitoring current readings of temperature, pressure, and the volume of resources provided.

In 2006, the residential building was equipped with the following systems:

– dispatching of elevators (functions of control and management);

– recording of negotiations in the archive in compressed MP3 format;

– burglar alarms for machine rooms of elevators, attics, basements, service rooms;

– fire alarm of technical premises;

– video surveillance of the access areas, entrances, elevator cabins, as well as entrances to the technical premises of the house;

- a system for monitoring and accounting for the access of maintenance personnel to the machine rooms of elevators;

– control and management of lighting in manual and automatic modes;

– basement flooding control;

– monitoring of parameters of heat and water supply at home;

- a system of commercial apartment-by-apartment metering of water and electricity consumption;

– a system for commercial metering of household consumption of water and heat with the formation of monthly reports based on the archive data of the heat meter;

- monitoring the parameters of the power supply at home;

– a system for commercial accounting of household electricity consumption with the formation of monthly reports;

– system of storage of passport information.

The intelligent system is a multi-level hardware and software complex that includes general house equipment for collecting data from all engineering systems of the house, data transmission networks, means of storing and processing the received information, and an automated dispatcher workstation.

- idle time of elevators;

- the efficiency of dispatchers;

– speed of troubleshooting by operating organizations;

– daily and monthly dynamics of equipment failures;

– daily and monthly dynamics of unauthorized penetrations;

- the quality of heat, water, electricity supply to the housing stock.

Additional equipment of a residential building at 22 Denisovsky pereulok with six transmitting television cameras, nine automatic detectors, blocks of billed meters and elevator dispatch control, emergency communication devices, etc., makes it possible to successfully solve the following tasks:

– ensuring the safety of residents, quick response to events of a criminal nature, control over the state of improvement facilities, removal of solid waste, compliance with the environmental regime, the frequency and quality of cleaning the territory and premises;

- protection against unauthorized entry into the building's life support facilities, control over the implementation of scheduled inspections of the building and requests from residents, the fact of routine maintenance, the working hours of teams;

- prompt response in case of emergency and emergency situations, including the detection of increased gas contamination;

– remote information retrieval, accumulation of an archive in a database up to 10 years, the ability to analyze consumption, the possibility of multi-tariff calculations, automation of calculations in the EIRC;

- control of the operation of metering units, technical and quality parameters, uninterrupted supply of resources, determination of real consumption, leaks and excess consumption of resources;

– control of lighting and other power equipment in common areas;

– optimizing the operation of the elevator economy, preventing vandalism, increasing the efficiency of the technical service;

– formation of information and analytical base on the structure.

The management company SUE "DEZ Basmanny District" noted the positive results of the implementation of measures implemented in a residential building at Denisovsky lane, 22: monitoring the state of the internal engineering communications of the building, equipment, adjacent territory, promptly informing about exceeding the standards in the operation of life support systems, the possibility prevention of emergencies, current control of the performance of operational work, control and regulation of energy consumption, creation of a transparent payment scheme for consumed resources, optimization of work at the request of residents, establishment of feedback with residents.

Thus, when implementing targeted programs for security, creating a system of security video surveillance, accounting for resources and paying for utilities, a basis has been created for organizing effective management housing stock and development of dispatching systems.

Source: KG Lex

The reform of housing and communal services, which is currently being implemented in Russia, involves increased competition in the housing and communal services market between private management companies. In market conditions, obtaining maximum profit becomes the main goal of a company that manages apartment buildings. At the same time, it must be remembered that the achievement of this goal is possible with an increase in the efficiency of activities and obtaining such advantages that would favorably distinguish your managing organization from competitors. One of the most effective ways development competitive advantage is the use of modern information technologies. The use of information technology in the activities of the management company improves the quality of doing business, providing services to consumers, and, therefore, is one of the arguments for the population in favor of choosing your management organization.

Specialists of the consulting group "Lex" have developed a comprehensive information system "KUB: management of residential buildings (UZhD)", which provides automation of the functions of managing a residential building at all stages of organizing this activity.

The KUB: UZhD system is a database consisting of several sections and a set of applications for working with them. All applications of the complex can be conditionally split into the following blocks:

• Block of reference and normative data. Block applications provide input into the system of primary information.

Entering reliable primary information is a very important point, since this procedure will ensure reliable and correct operation of the system in the future. This block includes the following applications:

• Directory of services - used to maintain a list of services provided (or provided) management company. Each service is associated with a set of characteristics.
• Types of housing - the application maintains a list of categories of residential facilities that are serviced by the management company. For each type of housing, a set of its characteristics and a list of necessary periodic services are determined.
• Housing - the application keeps records of houses and its objects that are in the service of the managing organization (walls, basements, roofs, etc.). The application allows you to enter meter readings that record the volume of consumed services, as well as plan services related to this type housing.
• Residents (individuals) - the application keeps records individuals. Residents are grouped into categories. For each category, a set of characteristics is specified (passport data, marital status, date of birth, etc.), which are offered for filling when assigning a tenant to a specific category. For each tenant, a history of the addresses of his registration (registration) is kept, as well as information about the benefits and subsidies that he uses when paying for services.
• Service accounting block. Applications of this block allow you to take into account the volume of services provided. The block includes the application "Journal of disconnection of services"
• Calculation block. Block applications are used to generate invoices for consumers of services, and fix payments on invoices. The block includes applications:
• Tariffs and services
• Tariff calculation
• Accounts
• Analytical block. Applications of this block allow you to get general information on invoices for a randomly selected period and to identify the debts of consumers of services on invoices. Block applications:
• Account Information
• Debtors

Let's take a simple example. Imagine a building with many closed offices inside it. People entering this building can only enter those rooms for which they have a key. Similarly, "CUB: UZhD" consists of several applications, the role of the key in this case is played by the password set for each user. With the help of this "key"-password, each specialist gets access only to those applications that are necessary for him to work.

So work with software package can several people at the same time from different jobs. Different users of the system are responsible for different areas of work. Despite the fact that different specialists use only certain applications, the information system supports the exchange of data between applications. The main requirement for such an organization of work is regular updating of data. The program allows you to do this by pressing one button (due to the fact that all information entered by users is stored on the enterprise server).

The information system "KUB: UZhD" will help you:

• maintain a list of services provided,
• set tariffs for the services provided,
• set methods of payment for the services provided,
• keep records of residential buildings, apartments, basements, roofs, etc., which are under maintenance,
• plan the necessary activities (repairs, landscaping, etc.) and calculate new rates taking into account the planned scope of work,
• keep records of tenants and their payment benefits housing and communal services,
• keep track of competitors
• keep records of contracts for provision of services,
• keep records of actually provided services (outages/underdeliveries),
• generate invoices for services rendered,
• analyze account information (actual payments, debts),
• keep track of debtors.

When using the KUB: UZhD system, each specialist receives a tool that improves the work that he was able to do without this tool. Software adds to the work the speed of registration, the accuracy of processing, the efficiency of the exchange of management information.

The program interface (that is, the means of communication between the user and the computer) is very simple and convenient. The program window consists of the same elements as the windows of applications familiar to all (for example, MS Word, MS Excel). Work with application windows is also carried out in the usual way: by selecting commands in horizontal menu or by pressing the icon buttons. In addition, each application information system has its own reference materials that will help the user to master the program. Therefore, the use of the information system "KUB: UZhD" does not require significant financial and time costs for personnel training.

"CUB: UZhD" does not impose high requirements on the computer equipment of users, that is, the installation of this system does not require the purchase of expensive equipment.

Thus, the advantages of the described system are:

• clarity of the logic of using the product, ease of understanding, mastering by personnel, even without special training, as much as possible short time learning;
• reliability of system operation;
• the ability to use inexpensive computer technology.

"CUB: UZhD" is a tool with which you can automate routine processes, make information about the state of affairs of the managing organization more transparent, and access to it more prompt.

The main thing that is achieved with the introduction of an integrated information system is the coordination of the work of all specialists and an increase in the flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy of their actions.

"CUB: UZhD" will create completely new opportunities to improve the efficiency of your company.

Get more complete detailed information on the operation of the system, questions of its acquisition and installation, you can contact the specialists of the Lex consulting group.