In order to create software, which will optimize the work of housing and communal services, all programming languages ​​are used. All software is divided into two groups: software products and software for local use. In the case of software for local use, housing and communal services issues are resolved at the enterprise where the specialists who created it work. The second group is not intended for sale. At the heart of many systems there is a set of tools that allow you to speed up the creation process, as well as the ability to maintain the system on site. In this case, the presence of a programmer is not required. Perhaps the most popular platform is 1C.

To date, automation of the management of an apartment building has great importance. For automation, you can implement a system 1C:VDGB: Accounting in the management companies of housing and communal services, HOA and ZhSK 8. It is intended for use in DEZs, housing cooperatives, HOAs, as well as managers and other organizations that calculate various utilities, as well as passport registration. This system is an effective tool that helps to make management decisions with the help of universal and specialized reports that provide transparency of the entire accounting process, as well as reduce labor intensity due to the automation of basic operations. The program can be used both for a small partnership of owners, and for a fairly large one. management company.

Any modern organization will sooner or later need to put documents in order. Otherwise, problems start after a while. For example, at the right time, the necessary documents may simply not be found. Document files can be hosted on the server. This will make it easier to find them. In addition, it can be used Email in case of need to transfer any document. In this case, it is necessary to introduce electronic document management.

On the this moment time there is a series electronic document management systems. It is only necessary to choose the one that is suitable in each case. Primarily, important point is the economic efficiency of electronic document management. If the system is chosen in the right way, then the costs are reduced. Of course, without a certain kind of problems can not do. When introducing electronic document management, there is usually no desire to learn from employees and managers. Some managers are simply afraid to work with a computer.

Perhaps one of the main issues that arise, including in the HOA, is the debt for utilities. In this case, it is necessary to work with debtors for employees of the HOA, moreover, systematically and systematically. The efficiency of work in this case can be improved thanks to the developed software. A program usually consists of several applications that perform different functions. To facilitate the work of HOA employees with debtors, a sufficient set of tools is provided in the application.

Accounting in the HOA

There are a number of characteristic features of accounting in the HOA. First of all, this includes numerous personal accounts, since a fairly large amount of information needs to be controlled for one apartment. These include specifications apartment, its address, information about its owners, as well as a list of services that are provided, benefits and much more. Further, we note that the HOA is an intermediary between the utility provider and residents. This indicates a careful attitude to what amount was collected from the residents and the amount that was transferred to the account of the service provider. In fact, there are more such points and all this is monitored by one person. An accountant working in a large house had to do a lot of work. All this resulted in the automation of accounting.

With regard to automation, today the following areas can be distinguished:

• Software for accounting, as well as for calculating the payment of housing;
• programs designed only to pay for housing;
• programs to address a narrow range of issues.

In relation to the first two directions, it should be noted that such software makes it possible to carry out accounting and accrual of utilities. This greatly facilitates the work of the accountant, and the probability of error is minimized. Software developers offer the same set of features.

Thanks to the use of new software that improves the efficiency of the HOA, time costs are reduced, as well as the costs of various resources. This will have a positive effect on the formation trusting relationship between control bodies and consumers of services.

• Ways to solve the problems of introducing information technologies in housing and communal services

Each city building is connected to the utility networks and equipped with five main channels: electricity, gas supply, water supply, heating and hot water supply, which are of particular importance in terms of energy saving. Through the same channels, it is easy to organize accounting for the general consumption of resources. For this purpose, entrance nodes are formed in the corresponding premises of buildings, in which counters are installed. The same meters are connected to the controllers, the data from which is sent to the communication center, usually GSM, and then transferred to the server where the metering system is installed. According to this scheme, various automated systems for the commercial accounting of electricity (ASKUE) and heating are being built.

The advantages of such systems should include their maturity and accumulated experience in installation and operation. But these systems also have a number of disadvantages.
Usually, AMRs are not always ready for integrated accounting of all resources, and it is obvious that the creation of 4-5 (essentially identical) systems will always be more difficult and costly than one universal one.
The second drawback is related to the high cost. If the cost of the resource metering unit of the entire apartment building at 200,000-300,000 rubles is still justified, then for each apartment it should be significantly lower.
The third negative factor is the short period of the calibration interval, which can be agreed with in relation to general house, but not apartment meters.
Ideally, a simple and reliable meter should be integrated with a long operating time without verification and the possibility of its easy replacement in case of failure.
Additional disadvantages of ASKUE are, among other things, the lack of a sufficient regulatory framework and standardized solutions with a single protocol for transmitting or receiving data to central accounting servers. The result of these shortcomings within even one microdistrict can be catastrophic. In addition, at present there is no specialized software (software) that would allow taking into account all resources, analyzing this data and generating forecasts and warnings on the scale of a house, quarter, microdistrict, district and city.
This software should solve various problems, such as, for example, during peak hours of electricity consumption - recommend measures to save it, in the event of an accident - help in solving the problem of speedy restoration of the system and keeping heat in the housing stock. The software or its individual packages that have a common database should allow users, residents of all apartments and houses, to access their personal resource accounting pages, for example, through a regular browser, and analyze their own consumption up to the daily one. And, which is objectively in demand today, based on these data, residents would like to receive single bills for consumed resources. And again, the unresolved question today is who exactly will form them.
The last and, perhaps, the most important, but not yet so obvious, disadvantage is that such systems do not offer a unified concept for building apartment accounting systems, their integration and subsequent development towards automation of the entire building.

All of these shortcomings make it possible to create a table of requirements for automated resource accounting systems (ASUR) of both the general house and the apartment level.

The table shows the average requirements that apply to systems installed in urban apartment buildings. The cost of installing and connecting one sensor-meter at complete solution should be 200-300 rubles, and annual maintenance should not exceed 50-100 rubles. per year per account.

The development of common approaches is a state task

The federal program for improving energy efficiency and similar regional programs, taking into account the scale of specific cities and local weather conditions, would allow each city to develop its own options for building ASMS based on a unified approach. Unfortunately, such an approach does not yet exist.

Apparently, the current situation suits all the parties involved in the resource supply process. However, difficult times are coming for ordinary citizens, homeowners associations and other consumers: there are government orders on the introduction of energy-saving technologies, but there are no clear recommendations on how to do this comprehensively and efficiently. At this time, the market is dominated by disparate solutions, which cannot be evaluated in the absence of transparent quality criteria.

Unfortunately, realizing the need to modernize production and housing and communal services in terms of resource consumption, the state has not fully understood that this requires rules, technical regulations, GOSTs, in terms of development costs of which Russia lags behind Germany by 100 times.

The article was prepared based on the materials of the CNews source: IQHouse - Smart Home.

Source: KG Lex

The reform of housing and communal services, which is currently being implemented in Russia, involves increased competition in the housing and communal services market between private management companies. In market conditions, obtaining maximum profit becomes the main goal of a company that manages apartment buildings. At the same time, it must be remembered that the achievement of this goal is possible with an increase in the efficiency of activities and obtaining such advantages that would favorably distinguish your managing organization from competitors. One of the most effective ways development competitive advantage is the use of modern information technologies. The use of information technology in the activities of the management company improves the quality of doing business, providing services to consumers, and, therefore, is one of the arguments for the population in favor of choosing your management organization.

Specialists of the consulting group "Lex" have developed a comprehensive information system "KUB: management of residential buildings (UZhD)", which provides automation of the functions of managing a residential building at all stages of organizing this activity.

The KUB: UZhD system is a database consisting of several sections and a set of applications for working with them. All applications of the complex can be conditionally split into the following blocks:

• Block of reference and normative data. Block applications provide input into the system of primary information.

Entering reliable primary information is a very important point, since this procedure will ensure reliable and correct operation of the system in the future. This block includes the following applications:

• Directory of services - used to maintain a list of services provided (or provided) by the management company. Each service is associated with a set of characteristics.
• Types of housing - the application maintains a list of categories of residential facilities that are serviced by the management company. For each type of housing, a set of its characteristics and a list of necessary periodic services are determined.
• Housing - the application keeps records of houses and its objects that are in the service of the managing organization (walls, basements, roofs, etc.). The application allows you to enter meter readings that record the volume of consumed services, as well as plan services related to this type housing.
• Residents (individuals) - the application keeps records individuals. Residents are grouped into categories. For each category, a set of characteristics is specified (passport data, marital status, date of birth, etc.), which are offered for filling when assigning a tenant to a specific category. For each tenant, a history of the addresses of his registration (registration) is kept, as well as information about the benefits and subsidies that he uses when paying for services.
• Service accounting block. Applications of this block allow you to take into account the volume of services provided. The block includes the application "Journal of disconnection of services"
• Calculation block. Block applications are used to generate invoices for consumers of services, and fix payments on invoices. The block includes applications:
• Tariffs and services
• Tariff calculation
• Accounts
• Analytical block. Applications of this block allow you to get general information on invoices for a randomly selected period and to identify the debts of consumers of services on invoices. Block applications:
• Account Information
• Debtors

Let's take a simple example. Imagine a building with many closed offices inside it. People entering this building can only enter those rooms for which they have a key. Similarly, "CUB: UZhD" consists of several applications, the role of the key in this case is played by the password set for each user. With the help of this "key"-password, each specialist gets access only to those applications that he needs to work.

So work with software package can several people at the same time from different jobs. Different users of the system are responsible for different areas of work. Despite the fact that different specialists use only certain applications, the information system supports the exchange of data between applications. The main requirement for such an organization of work is regular updating of data. The program allows you to do this by pressing one button (due to the fact that all information entered by users is stored on the enterprise server).

The information system "KUB: UZhD" will help you:

• maintain a list of services provided,
• set tariffs for the services provided,
• set methods of payment for the services provided,
• keep records of residential buildings, apartments, basements, roofs, etc., which are under maintenance,
• plan the necessary activities (repairs, landscaping, etc.) and calculate new rates taking into account the planned scope of work,
• keep records of tenants and their payment benefits housing and communal services,
• keep track of competitors
• keep records of contracts for provision of services,
• keep records of actually provided services (outages/underdeliveries),
• generate invoices for services rendered,
• analyze account information (actual payments, debts),
• keep track of debtors.

When using the KUB: UZhD system, each specialist receives a tool that improves the work that he was able to do without this tool. Software adds speed of execution, accuracy of processing, efficiency of exchange of management information to the work.

The program interface (that is, the means of communication between the user and the computer) is very simple and convenient. The program window consists of the same elements as the windows of applications familiar to all (for example, MS Word, MS Excel). Work with application windows is also carried out in the usual way: by selecting commands in horizontal menu or by pressing the icon buttons. In addition, each application information system has its own reference materials that will help the user to master the program. Therefore, the use of the information system "KUB: UZhD" does not require significant financial and time costs for personnel training.

"CUB: UZhD" does not impose high requirements on the computer equipment of users, that is, the installation of this system does not require the purchase of expensive equipment.

Thus, the advantages of the described system are:

• clarity of the logic of using the product, ease of understanding, mastering by personnel, even without special training, as much as possible short time learning;
• reliability of system operation;
• the ability to use inexpensive computer technology.

"CUB: UZhD" is a tool with which you can automate routine processes, make information about the state of affairs of the managing organization more transparent, and access to it more prompt.

The main thing that is achieved with the introduction of an integrated information system is the coordination of the work of all specialists and an increase in the flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy of their actions.

"CUB: UZhD" will create completely new opportunities to improve the efficiency of your company.

Get more complete detailed information on the operation of the system, questions of its acquisition and installation, you can contact the specialists of the Lex consulting group.

Ilya Markov - [email protected]

Nowadays, the topics smart home and the Internet of Things are widely popular and discussed. However, in Russia, developers are still in no hurry to introduce automation technologies in the construction of apartment buildings, although interest in automated apartments will be much higher than in ordinary ones. The article describes the concept of introducing smart home technologies into multi-apartment buildings.

Problems

"Smart Home" has many advantages, the main of which is comfort. Automation qualitatively improves the user's life, and developers understand this. However, there are a number of problems here. Firstly, this is the high cost of the "smart home" complex, which greatly increases the cost of the apartment. Secondly, this is a limitation: most automation systems can only work with devices from their manufacturer and do not support third-party devices. This concept creates difficulties when scaling the system, because there are no manufacturers who are strong in all areas of automation. Each specializes in their own field. And the integrator is required not only to install equipment in the "smart home", but also to set up the interaction of this equipment.

The described problems stop the developer from introducing smart home systems into apartment buildings.

Possible Solution

One of options solution of these problems, offered by iRidium mobile, consists in the phased introduction of "smart home" technologies. One of the standard options in multi-apartment buildings is intercom. Each apartment has Touchpad, with which residents can see who has come, communicate with him and open the front door. This is where the current possibilities end. But nothing prevents the developer from introducing standard controlled devices (lighting, curtains, climate, security) into the apartment and turning the intercom panel into a smart apartment control panel by installing special software (software) for managing automation systems. If this software supports big number manufacturers of automation systems and "smart" devices, this will solve the problem of the limited ecosystem and make it scalable.

Even at the setup stage, the developer can “make friends” with the equipment in the apartment and add typical scenarios to attract a buyer. Further, when buying an apartment, the owner will be able to install additional "smart" devices in the apartment and supplement the project with drivers to control them.

Implementation concept

The work at the “Apartment building” object should be divided into two parts: the construction and adjustment stage and the stage of commissioning the object and the appearance of the owners.

Stage of construction and customization

At this stage, the developer pays. Therefore, everything related to common house tasks (video surveillance, lighting, dispatching) is being implemented. A stationary panel is installed in each apartment and a minimum set for controlling light, climate (controller, dimmers, thermostats).

Rice. 1. An example of a control interface for an apartment: authorization

To control automation, iRidium mobile software with a template control interface for each apartment can be installed on the built-in panel (Fig. 1 and 2). Moreover, everything is done under one license. The developer creates two interfaces (one for dispatching, the other for managing inside apartments). There can be more interfaces if, for example, you have one-, two-, three-room apartments, penthouses, etc. Having an IP router in each apartment, you can configure the management of each of them individually (there will be indicated in the apartment management interface IP address, host of a specific router). This solution removes the limitations of the system. iRidium mobile platform supports many devices various manufacturers, and the project can be modified for new devices at any time. This gives the developer the freedom to choose equipment. different manufacturers. All equipment will be controlled from a single interface, and scripts and macros can also be created for the convenience of working with equipment.

Rice. 2. General plan of the apartment with the state of the system

Since iRidium server is required for dispatching and monitoring, it will need to be deployed on the operator's PC or use one of the hardware platforms recommended by the company. In this case, the server will be needed for the entire building as a whole, and not for each apartment separately. The server functions include not only apartment management, but also general house functions, such as automatic collection of meter readings, transfer of results to the management company, security monitoring, notification of residents in case of emergency, etc.

The stage of commissioning the object and the appearance of owners

At the second stage, the owner may want to expand the functionality (add multi-zone audio, home theater, power curtain control, news and weather information, etc.). There will also be a need to manage the apartment not only from the built-in panel, but also from mobile devices of its residents. To all other, user interface controls can be done individually according to customer's request. One of the advantages is that at any time you can scale the automation project. The project is modified by updating the project on each panel via the iRidium cloud, which makes the modification process “invisible” to the owner. iRidium supports various equipment and allows you to create individual control interfaces.

The second stage will require additional licenses, for which the owner of the property will pay. If the customer wants to use their phone/tablet as a control panel, then a basic or advanced license will do. With the basic one, the client will be able to use five control panels and change them as many times as he wants (for example, if he updated the iPhone to new model or lost/bought another, etc.). If you need more panels or new functions have been added, you will need to purchase the missing functionality.

Areas of use

Equipment usage examples:

• touch panels in apartments with iRidium and intercom functions;
• wired or wireless controller of any of the home automation systems;
• a set of switches, sensors, thermostats and other control equipment compatible with the controller;
• IP intercom system in the house (for example, True IP, BAS IP, Mobotix, 2N, etc.);
• building climate system (controlled by Modbus or other supported protocol), resource consumption data collection devices (for example, "Mercury") and security system(for example, "Bolid") connected to the IP network.

As a result, we get the introduction of "smart home" technologies at the stage of building construction. The system is scalable and the owner can control the devices from their own mobile device. At the same time, the user is not limited by the ecosystem chosen by the developer and can buy any "smart" devices, the management of which will be integrated into a single management interface.

It seems that quite recently we ourselves took readings from the electric meter, wrote the numbers by hand on a special form, calculated the cost and went to pay at the cash desk. Not much time has passed since then, but these memories are like a hundred years have passed. Now a resident of an apartment building can, in principle, forget about this concern - everything will be done for him by an automated control system apartment building .

There are already several large companies in Russia that offer complex technical and IT solutions that provide effective management and building maintenance. Unique home control systems allow solving the problems of commercial accounting of resources and automatic control engineering systems in the complex.

However, in order for the resources of the house to be managed by automation, some effort must first be made. In most of the housing stock, metering devices are not installed everywhere, and common house meters are often absent, which leads to the fact that individual residents or the budget of the management company bear the burden of paying for non-production costs of supplying utility resources.

There is also the problem of depreciation of engineering communications and building systems. In many cases it is 60% or more. Even in new houses, engineering systems based on the technologies of the last century are installed - without the necessary automation and dispatching systems. This leads to high maintenance and repair costs, as well as to pay for inefficiently used resources.

Household metering is one of the most important steps that will provide information about the actual consumption of resources in a residential building. In most cases, already at this stage, it becomes economically feasible to switch to settlements with supplying organizations based on actual consumption. At the same time, the volume of consumed resources is distributed among the tenants proportionally.

Automated, as a rule, provide remote access to the data of metering devices, as well as timely diagnosis of their malfunctions. The systems also provide continuous monitoring of the quality of services provided, and in case of non-compliance with established requirements, they automatically recalculate.

When equipping apartments with metering devices, each tenant pays for services according to actual consumption. Switching to such energy saving"The form of payment generally allows people to save money while being careful about the use of resources.

In this case, they will provide remote access to the data of individual and common house meters, which will automate and speed up mutual settlements of the management company with residents and service providers. At the same time, residents will be relieved of the need to regularly take readings from metering devices and provide these data. The credibility of the evidence will also be ensured.

The amount of resources consumed by the house directly depends on the efficiency of their use. Huge reserves are hidden in the housing stock, which are revealed energy efficient engineering systems. Automation of the processes of heat and water supply and general house lighting can reduce the consumption of electrical and thermal energy by more than 30%. The cost of maintenance and repair of engineering systems is reduced due to automatic systems diagnostics of equipment operation and dispatching. All information about the operation of engineering systems, as well as elevator facilities, fire and burglar alarms and other subsystems is reduced to a single dispatch center.

The human factor in this case ceases to be the cause of many accidents, the automation and dispatching system makes it possible to maintain facilities with minimal resources, even if they are geographically remote.

As a result, the use of an integrated automated system reduces the cost of maintaining a house, which will significantly reduce the amount of utility bills, as well as improve the comfort of living through operational quality control of utilities.

The management company performs all the functions of managing an apartment building, while automating the collection of readings from metering devices and maintaining engineering systems requires fewer human resources. The payback period is apartment building management systems ranges from one to three years.