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Inside amplifiers and many others electronic devices, audio transformers work and work magic. While many people have no idea how important the right amp is in music, any music lover knows that an amp that functions properly is critical to achieving perfect sound. An audio transformer is of paramount importance for correct operation amplifier. If the audio transformer is not functioning properly, the amplifier itself is not functioning properly. It's a good idea to check the function of the audio transformer quite often. Although this may seem tedious, but with correct instruction, it's simple.

What is an audio transformer?

Most people have more than likely some knowledge or have just heard of transformers. But, most people immediately think of large, clumsy canisters on electric poles when they think of transformers. Even though it's not exactly what an audio transformer is, all transformers work the same way. Transformer takes input alternating current, and it has the ability to turn it into an appropriate AC output. The process occurs without a physical connection. This is possible by having two or more turns of previously insulated wire around a magnetic metal core, sometimes referred to as windings. With the help of an audio transformer, the device increases or decreases the signal voltage as well as the impedance of the circuit. It also converts the circuit from balanced to unbalanced and vice versa.

Types of Audio Transformers

There are two types of audio transformers: Type 1: 1 transformer and step-up / step-down. Type 1: 1 transformer, sometimes referred to as an isolating transformer, has the same number of windings on each coil. With this type of transformer, the impedance is the same for the primary and secondary windings and the signal level does not change. Type 1:1 Transformer typically solves the audio problems that arise with multiple microphones by "raising" grounds from all devices. Alternatively, a step-up/step-down transformer has different number turns on each coil, giving it different impedances as the signal passes through it.

Before Troubleshooting

When the audio transformer is working properly, there is a big difference in the quality of the music that is playing. However, if it doesn't work properly, it delivers an irregular sound. While there is no tried and true way to find a problem in a snap, there are ways to troubleshoot or find out what the problem is. Troubleshooting an audio transformer is a rather tedious task. Keeping in mind all the symptoms of a failed audio transformer, there are a few steps to take for testing.

Safety First

It is important that proper safety precautions be taken before attempting to work on an audio transformer. Planning for known hazards is a good idea; However, it is also important to protect it from unknown dangers. The best way do this using proper safety precautions, wearing safety goggles, and only using a mains voltage tester. (Should be disabled for repair).

Necessary Audio Transformer Testing Equipment

In order to effectively test equipment such as an audio transformer, there are certain equipment that you need to have, including some additional cables, Soldering Station temperature controlled, digital voltmeter with flyback diode function, oscilloscope with probe, inductance, capacitance and resistance (LCR meter.

Audio Transformer Testing

Audio transformers vary greatly by brand. good brands remain cool even with a significant load on them; However, a cheap brand can get very hot and make the sound buzzy even at minimal load. Therefore, choosing a well-known brand is ideal. As a rule, a buzzing indicates a short circuit in the winding. If there is no output signal, the winding is usually opened to check the resistance. Other items to check are solder joints, fuses, thermistors, bipolar transistors, diodes, wires, switches, and Hardware. In addition, it is not uncommon for questions to arise in several places at once. The best way to deal with this frustration is to look at it like a puzzle and explore each piece one at a time.

Usage: in radio engineering, in particular in transformers audio frequency. Essence: the transformer has a core made of two parts: ferrite 9 and steel 10. Primary winding with pins 1, 2 and secondary with pins 3,4,5,6,7,8 are distributed on the rods of these two cores. The ferrite core 9 works well in the HF audio range and therefore, in the winding with leads 7.8, sound frequencies are induced from HF to LF, including midrange, since the winding is located on the ferrite 9 and steel 10 halves. The steel part of the core works well at the low frequencies of the audio range. 3 ill.

The present invention relates to radio engineering, to ULF transformers. An audio frequency transformer is known, consisting of a steel core with a primary, secondary winding ("Handbook of a radio amateur" GEI, 1963, p. 148, p. 8-19b. The disadvantage of a steel core is an increase in losses with increasing frequency - this is perceived as a weakening of reproduction high frequencies. Known transformer with a core of two halves of high-frequency ferrite material (see Japanese magazine "Fujitsi selintifie techicde journal" 3.1975 g (prototype). This transformer operates at high frequencies. The purpose of the present invention is to expand the frequency band of the transformer. This goal is achieved the fact that the transformer core is made of two halves - ferrite and steel, the primary winding is located on two halves, and the secondary winding is divided into several coils, some of which are located on different halves of the cores, one is located on two parts of the cores at the same time. in Fig. 1-3. th frequency (see fig. 1) contains a core of two halves: ferrite 9 and steel 10, assembled end-to-end. The primary winding with leads 1, 2 is located on the ferrite 9 and steel 10 halves of the core. The secondary winding with terminals 3, 4 is located on the ferrite half 9, the secondary winding with terminals 5, 6 is located on the steel half 10. The secondary winding with terminals 7, 8 is simultaneously on the ferrite 9 and steel 10 halves of the transformer core. In FIG. 2 is a transformer device, the halves of which are made of O-shaped halves, in contrast to the W-shaped ones of FIG. 1. In FIG. 3 shows an image of a transformer on circuit diagram: the ferrite half 9 is shown as a dotted line, the steel half 10 is shown as a solid line. The primary winding with terminals 1, 2 and the secondary winding with terminals 7, 8 are located with their edges to the ferrite 9 and steel 10 halves, the secondary winding with terminals 3, 4 is located on ferrite 9, and the winding with terminals 5, 6, on steel 10. When applying an audio frequency voltage to the primary winding with leads 1, 2, it excites both halves of the core: ferrite 9 and steel 10 (see Fig. 1, Fig. 3). The steel half 10 works well at the low frequencies of the audio range, therefore, in the secondary winding with terminals 5, 6, the voltage of low audio frequencies and medium frequencies is induced and the high frequencies are poorly induced. The ferrite half 9 works well in the HF audio range and therefore, in the winding with pins 3, 4, the audio frequencies of the upper part of the range are induced. In the winding with terminals 7, 8, the entire frequency band from HF to LF is induced, including the midrange, since the winding is located on the ferrite 9 and steel 10 halves. The transformer of Fig. 2, the halves of which are O-shaped. When assembling the halves in an overlap, the transformer turns out to be broadband (according to Fig. 1). The use of this transformer allows you to expand the band of reproducible frequencies. (56) Handbook of the radio amateur. Gosenergoizdat, 1963, p. 148, fig. 8-29b. Fujitsu scientific technical journal, march 1975, p. 65-71.

Claim

In the previous article, I told
It's time to show the manufactured transformers for lamp technology. The first was the output transformer for the JCM800 guitar combo amp. I got a good iron 0.35 mm on the collapse. Good section 12.5 cm2 He began to wind on his machine. I was not particularly in a hurry, for 2-3 hours one winding per day. Each layer was impregnated with wax with the help of a building hair dryer and a candle, so that later the entire transformer would not be boiled in paraffin.
The result is such a coil, the winding scheme: 1/4 - I, II - with taps for 4, 8, 16 Ohms, 1/2 - I with a lead from the middle of the winding, II - with taps for 4, 8, 16 Ohms, 1 /4 - I.

Shoulder symmetry primary winding the resistance was good.

And here he is the first-born mounted on the chassis. It turned out to be an excellent transformer, it gives good tight bass and good sharpness at high tones.

The process of winding two more transformers for the fender 5E3, unfortunately, was not filmed, but the semi-finished products are already wound on the photo. Already wound power and output transformers.

Here I decided to go further in terms of aesthetics. I saw that on all branded amplifiers the windings are closed with metal covers. If we take "our" trances into rewind, then there are not only no covers, but also iron is not always without corrosion. This circumstance, of course, does not really interfere, but provides additional insulation of the plates. So I began to make covers myself from galvanized sheet with a polyester coating. From this tin, ebbs are bent on the windows. It is white or brown on one side and gray on the other. We draw a pattern on a piece of tin.

The manufacturing process and the sequence of cutting are painted in the picture. The shaded parts, indicated by the number 3 when folded, are tucked under part 4. After the cover is bent along all lines, we put it on the transformer, note what needs to be cut off and cut off. We give the desired shape with the help of clamps and drill holes for the tightening bolts. If there is a long drill, we drill directly in place through the holes in the gland of the assembled transformer. The edges of the cover, which were marked along the width of the iron, can be measured 2-3 mm more, so that after tightening the transformer, these edges are bent around the perimeter with a mallet. This will be more aesthetic. The next stage is painting the lid and iron from the ends. We get something like this.

The next two output and power transformers, again for another JMC800, I already wound on my transwinder.

The outlet was impregnated with paraffin as described above. It is not necessary to subject this procedure to force. The result was such brothers.

Medium throttle doesn't count. An excellent choke from daylight fixtures that does not require further development.

On the new transwinder, the winding process has become much more fun.
In general, for me, the myth about the horrors of winding transformers has been dispelled.