Modern computers are an excellent tool for creating and storing the results of research work in the form of articles, theses, term papers and theses, dissertations. Most of these materials, in addition to text, may have formulas, tables, diagrams and figures. To create such documents, a Microsoft Word word processor is used.
Word - one of the most modern programs in the class of word processors - makes it possible to perform all the traditional operations on text, without exception, provided by modern computer technology:
=> Set and modification of unformatted alphanumeric information;
=> Format characters using a variety of fonts of various styles and sizes;
=> Formatting pages (including footers and footnotes); => Formatting the document as a whole (automatic compilation of a table of contents and various indexes);
=* Spell check, synonym selection and automatic word wrapping.
Features in the Word processor latest technology linking and embedding objects, which allows you to include in the document text fragments, tables, illustrations prepared in other Windows applications. Embedded objects can be edited using these applications. Word is one of the main elements of Microsoft office technology, on the example of the basic operations of which it is easier to master other modern Computer techologies, including those described above.
Starting the Word processor while working in operating system Windows 95 and above is carried out using the menu that appears when you click on the button Start> Programs> Microsoft Word. The Word icon may also be on the desktop. In this case, just double-click on this icon with the left mouse button and the program will load.
Set, editing and formatting of text material. Start off typing possible immediately after launch Word programs or by using the command Create from the menu File, or by clicking on the button Create on the toolbar Standard (first button on the left). The current document window always contains a blinking vertical bar -- cursor- Text input is carried out by typing from the keyboard. The characters you type appear at the cursor location. The cursor moves to the right as you type. When it reaches the right edge of the page, the text automatically wraps to new line. To force the end of a line and start a new paragraph, you must press the key Enter.
Set cursor to Right place document is easiest by clicking at the desired point. You can also do this using the cursor keys (arrow keys right, left, up, and down). With key note the cursor can be moved to the beginning of the current line, and by pressing the key end, -- be at the end of the current line. When preparing documents of relatively large volumes (course and thesis, dissertation) to control the cursor, you can use key combinations (two keys are pressed at the same time) or special keys:
Ctrl + Home -- to the beginning of the document;
Ctrl + End -- to the end of the document;
Page up -- up one screen;
Page down -- down one screen;
Ctrl + Page down - one printed page forward;
Ctrl + Page up - one printed page back;
ctrl +< на одно слово назад;
Ctrl + -> -- forward one word;
ctrl + 1 - one paragraph forward;
Ctrl + T - one paragraph back.
To type capital letters, you must first press the key Shift and, without releasing it, on the corresponding key With letter. If there is a need to type everything in capital letters (for example, titles of chapters), you must first press the key Cap Lock. To cancel this mode, press this key again. When this key is pressed, the indicator with the same name lights up on the keyboard at the top right.
Switching from Cyrillic (Russian alphabet) to Latin (English alphabet) and vice versa is carried out using key combinations. It all depends on which combination is set in your Windows: "left ctrl", "two keys Shift simultaneously", "Left Shift+Alt" etc. To make sure which combination you have, you need to experiment by pressing a combination of these keys. An easier option is to use the mouse and click on the icon Ru or Ep, which is on the bottom right of the screen.
When typing, you often need to use certain characters that are not on the keyboard, for example, a sign that means a degree or a paragraph, etc. In such cases, the corresponding characters are entered through the menu Insert> Symbols.
Having selected the desired symbol, you need to click on it with the mouse, then click on the button of the same window Insert and by button close, that appears instead of a button Cancel after pressing the button Insert. The character you are interested in will be inserted at the place where the cursor was at that time and you determined the insertion point.
When preparing scientific papers, it is often necessary to provide certain enumerations that can be numbered or marked. In the first case, each item is preceded by a number, with further enumeration they increase, and with a marked option, dashes, dots are put (bullets) etc. In Word, these operations are automated. So, for example, to number paragraphs, you need to put a number (Arabic, Roman, capital or lowercase Latin letter) in the first of them, followed by a period (you can use a hyphen or a closing bracket). After a space, type the text of the paragraph and press Enter. AT In a new paragraph, the next number or letter will appear automatically. If you want to insert another one between two numbered paragraphs, they will all renumber themselves. To exit this mode, press the key twice. Enter and then dial without numbers.
Of course, you can use the special buttons on the toolbar Formatting. If you click on the number button at the beginning of a paragraph, numbered lists will appear. When you click on the button with the image of bullets, bulleted lists will appear.
It should be noted that the menu Format > List you can independently set various options for numbering and enumeration elements, as well as change them and delete them.
If you made a mistake when typing, that is, you entered the wrong character or group of characters, you can overwrite them using the keys backspace-- to the left of the cursor, or Delete -- to the right of the cursor. When skipping individual characters or words, you need to put the cursor on the place where you want to add the missing one, and type the missing one using the keyboard. In addition, if you make a mistake, Word has special means to undo the previous operation. To do this, click on the button with the image of an arcuate arrow pointing to the left on the toolbar Standard. With this button, you can cancel not one, but any number of previous commands. If you made a mistake and canceled something you need, then you can return the lost one using a similar button, but with an arched arrow pointing to the right. The same operations can be performed via the menu bar. Edit> Cancel or Return.
Spell check. Typed text before formatting is usually subjected to spell checking. word processor
Word greatly facilitates the creation of literate and literary correct documents. Checking the text and correcting errors in it can be done automatically or manually. To automatically correct errors, you must first enter the window Service> Options> Spelling and in a small box under the word Spelling put a check in front of the line: automatically check spelling.
In this mode, even when typing, Word will find unfamiliar words and underline them. red wavy line. If you ticked the box next to the line automatically check grammar, then Word will also find grammatical errors (extra and missing commas, lack of word agreement), which will be underlined with a green wavy line. However, it should be noted that the grammar check still gives too many false positives. When you see your mistake, you can right-click on the specified word - and an additional menu will appear with which you can correct spelling and grammatical errors. If all this is distracting when typing, you simply click on the left mouse button to uncheck the boxes.
The command button allows you to check spelling after creating a document. Spelling in the toolbar Standard. Upon receiving such a command, the program checks the entire document, stopping when it finds an error and allowing it to be corrected.
When editing documents that consist of a significant number of pages, Word provides a wonderful opportunity return to the location of the last edit. To do this, you need to use the keyboard shortcut Shift+E5. Information about the location of the last edit is stored in the file itself. By downloading it at any time, you, at the press of a key, Shift+E5 you will get to the place where you interrupted the work last time.
Often, in the process of creating a scientific work, it becomes necessary to remove something from the text, move or copy something. To perform such operations, as well as for subsequent text formatting, such fragments must first be selected. You can select different ways: using the mouse, keyboard and based on a combination of these tools. The selected text will be white on a black background. To remove the selection, click the mouse or press any cursor key. You can select with the mouse like this:
=> Double click on a word and it will be highlighted;
=> Triple click on a word and the whole paragraph will be selected;
=> Click to the left of text field(where the mouse cursor turns into an arrow), and the line will be highlighted;
=> Double click to the left of the text box and the paragraph will be highlighted;
=> Triple click to the left of the text field and all text will be selected;
=> For arbitrary selection of individual characters, words, text fragments, you must place the cursor in front of the selected fragments and, pressing the left mouse button, drag the mouse towards the selection, having reached the desired result, release the key.
So, you can select certain fragments of text and non-text objects. What can be done with them? First, delete, cut (delete to clipboard), copy to clipboard. Paste one or more times in another place in the text or in another document. All these operations can be done both with text and with inserted objects (pictures, tables, formulas). For this purpose, you can use the menu edit, but it is better and more convenient to perform these operations using the buttons on the toolbar Formatting.
If you need to remove a piece of text or an object and paste it elsewhere, you can use the button with the image of scissors (cut). When you click the left mouse button on this button, the highlighted fragment goes to the clipboard. After that, you find a new place where you want to insert this fragment (insertion point) -- this is where the cursor should be -- and click on the button Insert. This way you move a piece of text or an object to a new location.
Sometimes there is a need to copy a piece of text or an object to a new location, leaving it at the same time in the old location. To perform this operation, after selecting a fragment of text or an object, click on the button Copy on the toolbar formatting, next to the button Cut out. In this case, the text fragment will go to the clipboard, while remaining in the same place. To paste the copied fragment to a new location, just click on the button Insert.
When performing these operations, you must remember that the information on the clipboard is stored until you place a new one there. As soon as you cut or copy a new fragment, the previous one will disappear from there. For removal selected fragment, the key is used Delete.
One more useful feature provides Word with changing the case of letters. For example, if the highlighted fragment consisted only of lowercase letters, and you would like each word to begin with capital letter(when typing surnames, city names, etc.), just press the key combination Shift+F3. On the second click, all letters in the fragment are replaced by
main (a set of chapter titles). At the third, they become lowercase again. When the text is not selected, case substitution by Shift+F3 occurs only in the word where the cursor is.
In the process of preparing scientific and methodological works, it is often necessary to use footnotes. In each case, a footnote can be inserted using the menu Insert> Footnote. In the dialog box that appears, you can specify the location of the footnote text (on this page or at the end of the document), automatic entry of footnote numbers, or manual entry. With button Options you can set the number format and numbering method (page or through). After completing these operations, click the button OK -- and find yourself in a special window of footnotes (if you worked in usual display mode) or directly at the specified location at the bottom of the page (if you worked in the markup). The number or asterisk will be inserted into the text itself, and you can enter the text of the footnote. You can get from the label-digit or asterisk to the window of its footnote and return back to it through the menu View> Footnotes. But it's easier to achieve this by double-clicking on the label. To delete a footnote, select its label and delete it.
Text formatting. Text formatting refers to the selection and change of the font typeface, its size and style, text alignment, paragraph parameters control. Of course, many parameters can be set before the preparation of the document (font size, typeface, etc.). However, in the process of performing the work and with the final version of the design, the need for additional formatting appears. For formatting, the operations concentrated in the menu are used. Format. But still, many operations are easier to perform using the buttons on the toolbar. Formatting.
Let's start with typography. If you could use any font when typing, then when finalizing the scientific and methodological work, it is customary to use the font Times New Roman. A box is used to select a font. Font with arrow button on the side Ў. This window contains a list of fonts (typefaces) installed on your system. If you click on the arrow on the right, the list will open, and you can find the desired typeface and, by clicking on it, change the font in the selected fragment. After that, you need to determine the font size. Therefore, in the box next to the previous one, use the arrow to select the required size of the font size. When designing scientific and scientific-methodical works, the font size is most often used 14.
Using the following three buttons on the toolbar, you can give the selected fragment one of three styles:
:=> By clicking on the button with the letter AND, you will set the font to bold;
=> By clicking on the button with the letter To-- cursive; => When clicking on a button with an underlined letter H the entire selection will be underlined.
To cancel any of the styles, it is enough to release the corresponding button, that is, click on it again. Additional features font design gives a command in the menu Format> Font.
Typed text can be aligned in one of four ways using the buttons on the format bar.
After clicking this button, all lines of the selected fragment will be aligned to the left edge of the page.
Using this button, you can align the lines to the center of the page. This is especially important when formatting chapter titles and subtitles.
This button aligns text to the right side of the page.
And using the last button allows you to align the text on both sides at the same time. But with such an arrangement of the text, large gaps appear between the words. Therefore, it is advisable to use Transfers. For this purpose, the menu Service> Language> Hyphenation enough to allow automatic transfer. Additional options are given by the command from the menu Format> Paragraph.
Entering formulas into a document. When preparing educational, methodological and scientific work, it is often necessary to enter mathematical expressions and formulas into a text document. One such specialized application is Math Cad. However, its functions are much broader than the tasks that specialists in the field of physical culture and sports have to solve when conducting scientific research in the pedagogical direction, therefore, to enter formulas, it is enough to use the built-in formula editor in the Word processor, which is called Microsoft Equation 3.0. It allows you to create formula objects and insert them into a text document. If necessary, the inserted object can be edited directly in the document field.
To launch the formula editor, use the command Insert> An object. AT In the Insert Object dialog box that opens, select Microsoft Equation 3.0.
After selecting the above item, click on the OK button of this window. The control panel will open Formula. This replaces the word processor menu bar with the formula editor menu bar. The formula editor toolbar contains two rows of buttons.
The bottom row buttons create original templates containing fields for entering characters. So, for example, to enter the square root of a number, you should select the appropriate
a common pattern that has a square root sign. Filling in these fields can be done using both the keyboard and the top line controls. Transitions between fields are performed using the cursor key.
Entering and editing formulas is completed by pressing the key Esc or by closing the formula editor panel. You can also left-click in a document field outside the formula entry area. The entered formula is automatically inserted into the text as an object. Then it can be moved to any other place in the document through the clipboard, after selecting it, or placed on the page in the right place by grabbing the object, pressing the left mouse button and releasing it in the right place. By holding the selection squares, you can reduce or increase the object. When typing formulas, taking into account subsequent editing, you should enter the entire formula only in the formula editor, in addition, it is not recommended to use Russian alphabet characters.
Creating tables. Quite often, information in scientific papers has to be presented in the form of tables. Unlike Excel, when you want to use table data for calculations, Word also has the ability to create tables that are not intended for calculations, but to present information in a convenient form. Three methods can be used for this purpose:
1. Small tables are created using the button on the Standard toolbar. After clicking on this button, an auxiliary element opens. Hovering the mouse pointer over the first cell from the left in the top row of this element
to determine the number of rows and columns of your table, press the left mouse button and, without releasing it, move the mouse diagonally down, while the table cells will gradually be colored in dark color, indicating the size of the table at the bottom. When it reaches the appropriate size, release the mouse button - and your document will be inserted empty table with the required number of rows and columns.
- 2. An empty table with an arbitrary number of rows and columns is created using the command from the menu bar Table> Add table. The number of rows and columns is set using the counters and the dialog box Insert tables.
- 3. It is better to draw a free-form table or delete it manually. On the toolbar Standard click on the button Tables and borders. An additional control panel appears with tool images. By clicking on the button of this panel draw table (with an image of a pencil), first draw the frame of the table, and then break it into separate cells. In this case, the cells can be of various sizes. If you make a mistake, using the tool Eraser You can erase individual lines of the table or the table as a whole.
Entering and editing text in table cells is absolutely no different from entering regular text. To do this, the cursor must first be placed in the appropriate cell. You can change the column width and line height as you work or just before entering information into the cells. This is done in the following way. Move the cursor to the vertical line that bounds the column, and when the cursor turns into a symbol with arrows pointing in opposite directions, press the left mouse button and move the vertical line to the right or left. When you reach the desired column width, release the mouse. In the same way, you can change the height of the lines. However, in this case, the cursor should move to horizontal line and wait for it to turn into a shape with arrows pointing up and down. Then, pressing the left mouse button, move the line up or down. It should be noted that the line height is automatically increased if the typed information is not placed in it.
Typed text can be formatted and aligned in separate cells, rows or columns with the same buttons that are used when typing and formatting regular text material. But in this case, it is necessary to first select individual elements of the table or the table as a whole. For example, select cell can be done by clicking on its left side, next to the grid line, where the cursor turns into an arrow. For line selection click to the left of it. If, without releasing the mouse button, you can move it in any direction, you can select multiple adjacent cells, rows or columns for their joint design. Select entire table you can double-click to the left of the table with the key pressed alt. You can also use the menu to highlight and decorate. Tables.
Rows or columns of a table can contain a different number of cells. To do this, first create a table with an equal number of cells in rows and columns, and then combine or separate individual cells. Having selected the necessary cells in the menu bar, apply the following commands: Table> Merge Cells or Table> Break cells.
If you right-click on a cell and select the item from the context menu text direction, then the lines of text in the table cell can be arranged vertically. To format the entire table in the same way as in Excel, you can use the function Auto Format by command from the menu bar Table> Autoformat.
Creation and input into the document of graphic objects. AT graphic materials occupy a significant place in scientific and methodological works. In this case, graphic materials are understood as drawings and images, or, as they are also commonly called, vector and raster Images.
Drawings(vector images) consist of lines of various shapes (straight lines, curves) and geometric shapes. The simplest tools for their creation are available in the Word processor itself. To create more complex drawings are used special programs, the most popular of which are Adobe Illustrator and CorelDraw. Vector images are usually stored in file types Windows Metafiles (wmf), Computer Graphics Metafiles (cgm), Corel Draw (cdr) and Encapsulated Postscript (eps). Resizing a vector image does not degrade its quality.
Images are raster objects, they consist of dots (pixels). The parameters of each point (coordinates, intensity, color) are described in the file. As a result, raster images require a significant amount of memory. Resizing or scaling a bitmap changes the size of each pixel; as a result, the overall picture is distorted. Raster images are commonly used for photographs and background images. The main file types are bitmap files (bmp), Graphica Interchange Format (gif) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (jpeg or jpg). The word processor Word does not have the means to create bitmaps. They are inserted into the document as external objects from a file prepared by other means (graphic editor, scanner, digital camera, graphics tablet). The most common programs for creating raster graphics are Adobe Photoshop and Corel Photo- paint.
You can also upload any graphics you see on Web page. Move the mouse pointer over the image you are interested in and click right click mice. The screen will show context menu, one of the points of which is Save image as...(or Save drawing as...). If you click on this menu item, the usual dialog box will open. Save as; the image will be uploaded to your HDD. After that, the image can be inserted into your Word document.
Often there is a need to remove graphic images from the computer screen. You can perform this operation using the key on the keyboard printscreen. The image will appear on the clipboard, and you can paste it anywhere in the document. If you need special editing in a graphical editor, for example paint, you must open this program: Start> Programs> Standard> Graphic editor Paint. After that, paste from the clipboard into the graphics editor using the command from the menu bar: Edit> Insert. Editing the image with graphic editor, you can proceed as follows. Selecting a command from the menu bar Edit> Copy, save the image as a file for later use, or put it back on the clipboard using one of the commands Edit> Cut out or Edit> Copy. AT In the latter case, when you return to your document, you can immediately insert the image in the right place using the button Insert on the toolbar Standard or via the menu bar Edit> Insert. Through the clipboard, you can paste images into word document and from other applications and files, having previously selected them there, and then apply the commands Cut out> Insert or Copy> Insert.
Microsoft considers any graphics created using the above programs and methods to be standard drawings. Therefore, for the name of graphic materials in the future we will use the term picture.
To insert a picture into a Word document from a file, follow the procedure below:
Place the insertion point (cursor) where the image is to be inserted.
Select command from the menu bar Insert> Picture> Fromfile.
A dialog box will open Add a drawing.
Select the desired file.
On the right side of the dialog box, select options related to images.
Editing inserted graphics. When you insert pictures into a Word document, you often have to change their location and size. In addition, pictures can be cropped, made brighter or more contrasty, and the question of how the text will interact with the picture can be solved using the function wrap around, etc. When inserting a picture, do not forget first of all to place the insertion point (cursor) approximately in the place of the document where your picture should end up as a result. Positioning is approximate at this point, as the starting position may change depending on whether you make your drawing float on top of the text or not.
When the checkbox is checked over text, the image is superimposed on the text of the paragraph where you placed the insertion point. In this case, if you place the mouse pointer over the image, it will turn into a four-pointed arrow. After that, you can press the left mouse button and drag the image to the desired location, then release the button.
check mark Over text should be reset when you want the image to appear directly above or below (or next to) a particular paragraph. In this case, the inserted image appears exactly where the insertion point is (even if it is in the middle of the line).
If your image is floating, more precise placement can be done with the command Format> Picture, and then clicking on the tab Position.
Often, when inserting a picture, you have to adjust its size. To do this, you first need to select the image with a mouse click. After that, a frame appears around the picture with dimensional markers placed in the corners and in the middle in the form of small squares. However, different markers serve different purposes. corner markers allow you to resize the image in two directions at the same time, that is, the size of the picture changes proportionally. Middle handles allow you to resize an image either only vertically (using the top or bottom handles) or only horizontally (using the side handles). To resize an image, With taking into account the above conditions, it is necessary to move the cursor to one of the markers and, when it turns into a double-headed arrow, press the left mouse button and, without releasing it, move in the corresponding direction. When you have achieved the desired result, release the mouse button.
Sometimes, after inserting a picture, it becomes necessary to delete certain parts of it. For this purpose, the tool Pruning. You can use this tool by first enabling the toolbar Image Adjustment by command from the menu bar View> toolbars, and in the submenu select the item Image adjustment.
To crop a picture, you must first select it. Then click on the tool pruning on an additional pa- ^__ toolbars Picture setting, to activate it. After that, you can move the cursor to one of the dimensional markers around the frame with the picture, while the cursor turns into the shape of a tool Pruning. Now to execute trimmings you should press the left mouse button. Depending on which marker the cursor is on, it changes its shape either to a square, if the marker is a corner, or to a sign With perpendicular lines. Move the cursor until you reach the desired result and release the key. If you make a mistake, you can use the button Cancel on the toolbar Standard or drag the marker back.
Using the additional toolbar Image Adjustment You can slightly change the contrast and brightness of the image using the corresponding buttons.
A very important element in the preparation of manuscripts in the Word processor is the function wrap around, through which it becomes possible to wrap (place) text around the picture. To dialog box wrap around you can get out of the window Picture Format through the menu Format > Picture or in the manner described above. In this window, click on the tab wrap around, and a new window will open.
Word provides a wide range of text wrapping options. To perform this operation, you must first select type of wrap by clicking on one of the options in the top row (group Wrap around), for example around the frame. Then you choose where the text should be placed in relation to the picture (group Text). In the same window, you can set Distance drawing from text. After selecting the appropriate options, click the button OK.
Regardless of how you insert a picture, you can also insert a title in the text below the picture. To do this, first select the image by clicking on it with the left mouse button, then select the command through the menu bar: Insert > Title, after which a dialog box will open Name.
In this window, click the button Create-- and an additional window will appear New name for enter the name of the picture. By typing the name of the picture from the keyboard, for example "Fig. 1. Diagram...”, click on the button OK this window - and you will find yourself again in the first window. But unlike the first version of the window in the line Permanent part The name of the picture you just typed will appear. After that, click on the OK button of this window, and the name will appear in the text under the figure in the frame. Using the Ў button in the window permanent part, you can type the names of not only figures, but also tables and formulas.
The title text box can also be selected, moved and edited. To remove the frame lines around the title of the figure, you must select the title together with the frame, then open the dialog box lettering format, similar to window drawing format, with which you are already familiar. The easiest way to open this window is by double-clicking on the name when the cursor changes to a four-way arrow, or by command via the menu bar Format > Text. Click on the tab Colors and lines if another tab is open in the window, but usually this is the tab that is open.
Here in the second part of the window lines, select color:"white" with the Ў button and click the button OK. After that, under the picture around the name, the frame will disappear.
Create your own drawings using Word tools. In Word, it is possible to prepare drawings (vector) directly in the text of the document. To work with vector drawings serves as a toolbar Drawing.
The toolbar appears on the screen when the button is clicked. Drawing on the toolbar Standard or by command from the menu bar View> Toolbars> Drawing. The main tool for creating the simplest drawings on this panel is the drop-down list. AutoShapes. Here are blanks for creating lines, straight lines and curves, the simplest geometric shapes, curly arrows and extension lines, drawing elements for flowcharts, etc.
The drawing toolbar includes more than 100 of the most common shapes, pattern fills, as well as a function for creating shadows and spatial effects. Drawing objects in Word can be shifted, aligned, distributed, grouped, ungrouped, rotated, flipped, pushed forward, pushed back, moved behind text, etc. When preparing vector drawings, keep in mind that they usually consist of individual objects stacked on top of each other in several layers and grouped together.
Such drawings are convenient in that each of their elements is available for editing, deleting, dragging, zooming, rotating, etc. When selecting with a mouse click, lines will have a square at each end, ovals, squares, autoshapes - eight, just like when selecting images.
In the case when a compositional drawing is being prepared, one should take into account not only the interaction of objects with the surrounding text, but also their interaction with each other. To do this, several simple objects are grouped into one composite object with the command grouping> Group. For grouping, all objects must be previously selected. You can select by clicking the left mouse button on each object while holding down the key shift. Or use the button in the form of an arrow on the toolbar Drawing. By clicking on this button, you need to place the cursor on such a place on the screen that, with the left mouse button pressed, form a dotted frame, which would include the necessary figures, and release the key. In this case, all the figures included in the frame will be selected.
team grouping> Group can be done by clicking right click on one of the selected objects and in the menu that opens, select the command grouping> Group. Or use the button on the toolbar Drawing: Actions> Group. Reverse operation -- grouping>
Ungroup -- allows you to disassemble the compositional drawing into its components.
When you double click on any element of the picture, a window appears. object format, similar to windows Picture Format or lettering format, therefore, we will not describe other ways of opening this window. Through the controls on the tabs of this window, you can perform almost the same operations as in the dialog box. Format> Picture.
And the last. Drawn objects can contain text elements, for example, headings - alphabetic or numeric designations on diagrams and drawings. Of course, the necessary inscriptions can be created with basic word processor tools, but in this case it is very difficult to ensure the exact position of the picture relative to the text associated with it. For creating text elements, attached to autoshapes or drawings, is a special tool Inscription, called by command from the menu bar Insert > Text. Enter the required text in the inscription field, after which the inscription can be edited. Its size is adjusted to the size of the text contained in it by dragging the markers.
So, the work is ready, you typed the text, inserted images, tables, checked the spelling, formatted it. Now you can print the document. But before doing this, it is necessary to number the pages and prepare table of contents work. Page numbering allows the command from the menu bar Insert> Page numbers. Here we choose whether the number will be at the top or bottom of the page, how it will be located in the line and whether it should be printed on the first page. Serial number usually printed in the middle of the top of the page.
It should be noted that all pages of scientific and methodical work are numbered in order from the title page to the last page. On the title page the number 1 is not set, the number 2 is set on the next page, etc. To prevent the number 1 from appearing on the first page, you must uncheck the line First page number in the window Page numbers. In some cases, for example, when preparing training manuals, it is customary to start numbering from page 3. To do this, in the window Page numbers click the button Format -- and an additional window will open. Page number format. Opposite the line to begin enter the appropriate number and press the button OK. Naturally, before performing this operation, it is necessary to display the page from which the numbering will begin, and set the cursor.
When preparing term papers and theses, dissertations, a table of contents should be created. If your document used heading styles, formatting the table of contents will take you
no more than a minute. To create a default table of contents type, do the following:
Click in the document where the table of contents will be located (most often at the beginning of the document).
Choose a team Insert> Table of contents and indexes.
Click on the tab Table of contents.
Click the button OK.
Before printing, it is recommended that you carefully review the entire document in Print Preview mode. This is what the button is for. Preview on the toolbar Standard or command File > Preview. In this mode, you can see quite well whether the text is divided into pages correctly, whether the figures are in place, whether the heading has come off the main text, whether it is too empty the last page and whether some elements get into the fields.
If you click on the button Increase, and then -- on the page, you can enlarge the image. And if this button is released, you can select text fragments and objects, format and move them.
With button I You can view Single or Multiple pages.
The Page Fitting button on the preview toolbar is very useful. With its help, you can remove the small "tail" on the last page. Having finished preview, you can print the document. It is better to do this by command from the menu bar File> Seal. Here you can set the printing of all pages, only the current one, only the selected fragment and selectively. In the same window you can : but set other print options: the number of copies and the order in which they are printed; print to file, etc.
In conclusion of the section, I would like to draw attention to another interesting function of the Word processor - this is the Abstract function. When preparing articles, report abstracts, abstracts for dissertations, scientific reports, one has to spend a lot of time searching for keywords, highlighting the most significant fragments from a large document. Therefore, if you intend to create a short abstract or thesis of a long document, you can use the services of this function. Of course, it should immediately be noted that abstract may not always provide you with quality material. However, by independently adding the missing fragments, polishing the text, you can get material that fully meets your requirements.
the latest instructions. This will open a dialog box. Abstract.
AT In this window, you have four options to choose from:
Select the abstract in the source document window. Without changing the content of your document and without creating a new one, Word will highlight in yellow the most important sentences from its point of view. You can set the percentage of the original in advance in the dialog box Abstract.
Create a new document and put the abstract into it. When you select this option, Word creates a new document and places the completed abstract in it.
Place the abstract at the beginning of the document. This option copies the finished document abstract to the beginning of the file. There it can be edited and saved along with the rest of the content of the document.
Hide everything except the abstract in the source document window. This option does not change anything in the text of the current document - it temporarily hides all paragraphs that are not included in the final abstract.
Control questions and tasks
What is the difference between a Web server, a Web site, a Web page?
What is a Web page?
What is the URL for?
What are web search programs called?
What are the most common web search and browsing programs?
How can viewers be launched?
Where should I enter a URL in Internet Explorer?
In which folder can you store the URLs you need?
What are search engines for?
What are the most common search engines?
What else can be found on the Internet besides Web pages?
What is meant by email?
Which programm Email included with the Internet Explorer web browser?
What are the parts of an email address?
What is the procedure for creating and sending a message using Outlook Express?
How can I attach a file to email? wellness physical sports training
How to respond to a received message?
What are teleconferencing?
On what principle are the names of teleconferences built?
How to create a message and reply to a newsgroup using Outlook express?
What is a real-time conversation (Chat)?
How can you start the Excel program?
What is the name of the document in Excel?
What is the name of the rectangular area of a table containing a group of cells?
How are formulas entered into cells?
Specify how to use built-in functions (for example, to calculate statistical measures).
Specify the order in which charts and graphs are drawn.
What needs to be done to output an Excel document to paper?
What ways to start the Word processor in Windows 95 and higher operating systems do you know?
What is the toolbar for? Formatting"!
What are the ways to start creating a new document in the Word processor?
How is the insertion of characters into the text of the document?
How to create numbered and bulleted lists?
How to check spelling in the created document?
How can formulas be entered into the created document?
List ways to create tables in the Word processor.
How to insert pictures into a Word document?
How to crop a picture?
What is text wrapping around a picture and how is this operation performed?
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Creation of complex documents in Microsoft Word. Lists. tables
Lists
It is often convenient to represent ordered information in the form lists. This is how instructions, sets of explanatory statements, lists of objects or objects are presented. Word supports two types of lists - bulleted lists, in which each item is marked with the same marker, and numbered lists, where items are numbered sequentially.
To create a list, click the Numbering or Bullets button on the Formatting toolbar. At the end of a paragraph (sentence), press the Enter key.
Convert text to list
To convert existing text to a list, you need to
select it and click the Numbering or Bullets button on the toolbar. Word automatically converts a new paragraph to a numbered list item if it starts with a number followed by a period. If a paragraph starts with a character, then it is automatically converted to an element bulleted list. Subsequent paragraphs are also treated as elements of the beginning list.
When you enter list items, the next paragraph automatically starts with a number or bullet. List creation complete double by pressing a key Enter at the end of a paragraph.
To change or customize the list format, issue the command "Format® List" or select the item in the context menu List. In the dialog box List tabs Marked and Numbered allow you to select the type of marker or how the list is numbered. If a standard design list does not fit, you can click on the button Change and set one of the markers or one of the numbering options, as well as the position of markers or numbers, list items.
Tab multilevel allows you to define a list containing up to 9 levels of items, numbered or labeled separately. The button is used to go to a lower level. Increase indent on the Formatting toolbar. The button is used to return to a higher level. Decrease indent.
Inserting a document table of contents
Word allows you to automatically create and insert it into a document table of contents. To insert a table of contents, you need to place the cursor in the place of the document where the table of contents should appear, and give the command "InsertTable of contents". A window will appear "Table andpointers", it needs to be opened on the "Contents" tab. By default, the table of contents is formed from headings, that is, from paragraphs decorated with the style "Heading 1". The levels of headings that need to be reflected in the table of contents are set by the switch "Levels" in the table of contents options window. To jump to any part of the document, just click on its page number in the table of contents.
During subsequent editing of the text, new headings may appear, and some of the headings may disappear. To update an existing table of contents, right-click on it and select the command from the context menu "Update field".
tables
Tables created in Word cannot fully replace the power of spreadsheets Microsoft Office or Microsoft Access. However, they are an important aid to a text editor.
Create a simple table
Method 1. To create a simple table, follow these steps:
set the text cursor to the position where you plan to place the table;
click the Insert Table button on the Standard toolbar
move the pointer around the grid until the desired number of rows and columns is selected, and then click with the mouse.
Method 2.
You can also use the Add Table command from the Table menu to create a simple table. After executing this command, you will see the Insert Tables window on the screen. An important difference of this method is the ability to set its format immediately when creating a table. To do this, use the AutoFormat button in the Insert Table window.
Create a complex table
To create a complex table, follow these steps:
Place the text cursor in the position of the document where you plan to place the table;
If the Tables and Borders toolbar is not on the screen, click the Tables and Borders button on the Standard toolbar.
When this toolbar appears, the mouse pointer changes to a pen. If the Tables and Borders toolbar is already on the screen, then simply click the Draw Table button on it, after which the mouse pointer will take the form of a pen;
Move the pointer with the mouse button pressed from one corner of the future table to another, this will allow you to define (draw) the outer borders of the table.
Then, in a similar way, draw lines of columns and rows inside the table;
To delete any line or segment click the Eraser button on the Tables and Borders panel and "erase" the unwanted line. Cells with borders will thus be removed, merge into one common cell.
Select columns and rows of a table
To select a cell, row or column, place the cursor on the cell, then select the command in the menu Table - Select, then the appropriate item (Cell, Row, Column). To select a row, you can click with the mouse pointer in front of a row outside the table. To select multiple cells or rows or columns, after highlighting the first one, without releasing left button mouse, drag the pointer in the direction you want, or press the Shift+arrow keys (right, down, up, down) on your keyboard at the same time.
Changewidthlines and heightcolumns
1-way. Select rows or columns, then execute the commands "Table-Cell Height and Width" - specify the values.
2 way. Move the mouse pointer to the border of a row or column, an arrow appears, then, without releasing the left mouse button, decrease or increase the size .
Insert Cell, Rows, Columns
To add a new column to the table, you need to select the column next to which the new column should appear. team "TableSelect" or, by placing the mouse pointer on the top border of a column, click it. After the column is selected, you need to give the command "TableAdd". A new column will appear, and the selected one will be shifted to the right.
To add a column from the right edge of the table, place the cursor to the right of the rightmost column, issue the command "TableSelect column », and then- "TableAdd Columns.
A new row can be added at the bottom of a table by placing the cursor in the last cell of the table and pressing the key Tab. There is another way - to select the line above which a new one should appear, with the “TableSelect Row” command and give the command “TableAdd Rows”. The selected line will move down.
An associationtable cells
Select the cells to merge, then run the command in the "Table" menu Merge Cells » or remove the cell border with the eraser the Tables and Borders panel, called by pressing the corresponding button on the standard toolbar
How to split a cell into multiple cells
Select a cell, then execute the command in the "Table" menu Split cells", then specify the number of rows and columns .
Deleting a cell, rows, columns
Highlight the row(s) or column(s), then press the keys simultaneously Shift + Delete or execute the command "Table Delete (rows, columns). When deleting a cell, specify the directions for shifting the cells.
Sort a list or table:
Select the fragment to be sorted.
Choose Sort (for tables) or Sort Text (for a list) from the Table menu.
Select sort options.
Sort an individual table column
It is possible to sort a single column of a table without sorting the entire table:
Select the column or cells you want to sort.
Choose the Sort command from the Table menu.
Click the Options button.
Check box Columns only.
Click OK twice.
To sort columns of data that are not included in a table, convert them to a table.
Performing calculations in a table:
Select the cell where the result will be placed.
Choose the Formula command from the Table menu.
If Word suggests an inappropriate formula, remove it from the Formula field.
In the Insert Function list, select a function. For example, to add numbers, select SUM.
In the Number format field, enter a format for numbers. For example, to display numbers as percentages, select 0.00%.
Word inserts the result of the calculation into the selected cell as a field. When cell references change, you can refresh the calculation results by selecting the field and pressing F9.
Inserting numbered titles
To insert a numbered title under an object (for example, a table), you need to give the command "InsertName".
Literature study
1. Informatics: Workshop on computer technology. / Ed. N.V. Makarova. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2000.
2. A.V.Mogilev, N.I.Pak, E.K.Khenner, Informatics, Textbook for Universities - M.: Academa Publishing House, 1999.
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Techniques for Manipulating Microsoft Word Objects
Features of Word Objects
word processor Word XP has a developed functionality for working with objects of non-textual nature. Among the built-in objects can be standard objects created by other programs (drawings, animation and sound clips, and much more), as well as objects created using the word processor itself. In particular, the program allows you to create and embed geometric shapes, artistic headings, diagrams, formula expressions, prepared vector illustrations (cliparts), that is, it has tools that are vaguely reminiscent of specialized graphic editors. True, among these tools there is nothing for creating and processing raster illustrations - they can only be imported from other programs, but there are tools for controlling their visualization, for example, to change the brightness, contrast and image scale.
Despite such a versatile nature of the objects that a word processor can work with word xp, they have common properties, such as size, position on the page, the nature of the interaction with the text. First, we will focus on the study of the most common properties of built-in objects, without discussing their nature - this will help you master the basic techniques for working with objects. And we will get acquainted with the specific properties of specific objects a little later. But before you start learning how to work with objects word xp, It is necessary to make an important remark about the expediency of their application. There are very conflicting opinions on this.
1. All objects Microsoft Word XP definitely can be used if the document is being prepared for printing, that is, it is expected that it will be transferred to the customer or distributed as a paper copy made on the printer. Formatting documents using built-in objects allows you to make them representative.
2. If the document is supposed to be transferred as a file for further processing (namely, this is how manuscripts are transferred to the editorial office), then all the program's own tools for creating and placing embedded objects are not only useless, but also harmful. This is because the objects Microsoft Word XP not standard and not supported professional programs. Company Microsoft has a leading position in the industry and can not reckon with generally accepted standards and rules, but implement its own. Therefore, objects created in the programs of this company can only be fully used in other programs of the same company.
3. One more direction follows from the last remark for using objects created in Microsoft Word. They can be successfully exported via the clipboard Windows to others software products included in the package Microsoft Office XP, such as a spreadsheet management system excel, database management system Access data and others.
Entering formulas
The need for a means to enter mathematical expressions into a text document is typical for scientific and technical documentation. One of these means is special application Mathcad. But the functions of the system Mathcad much broader, and there are good reasons to have a simple formula entry tool in the word processor itself.
In a programme Microsoft Word this tool is the formula editor Microsoft Equation 3.0. It allows you to create formula objects and insert them into a text document. If necessary, the inserted object can be edited directly in the document field.
Formula Editor Features
1. Formula editor Microsoft Equation 3.0 represents separate component, therefore, when installing a word processor, you must specifically indicate the need for its connection.
2. When working with the formula editor, you should strive for the maximum completeness of the entered expressions. So, for example, an expression (formula) may contain components that can be entered without using the formula editor, but for convenience and ease of further editing, you should enter the entire formula only in the formula editor, without using other means.
4. The SPACE key does not work in the formula editor, because the necessary spacing between characters is created automatically. However, if the need to enter spaces nevertheless arises, then they can be entered using the Spaces button and ellipsis on the Formula toolbar. In total, there are five types of spaces of different widths.
2.3 Working with tables
The data presented in tabular form is clear. Tables have always been an essential attribute of printed scientific and technical documentation, and in last years have become an effective means of designing Web pages on the Internet. This is due to the fact that, due to natural reasons, the possibilities for formatting Web pages are very limited. Therefore, many Web designers use tables (including hidden ones) to forcefully control the display of data on the client's screen and not trust this responsible process to the Web viewer (browser). So, for example, tables are the simplest tool for simulating on the Web. - a page of newspaper or magazine text that has two or more columns.
Table cells can contain not only text, but also graphic and other objects. This allows multiple illustrations to fit the width of the Web. - page a nits (usual Web page formatters don't allow you to do this).
When creating pages, you can control how cells and frames are presented, both external and internal. When creating printed documents, tables are designed to match the style and content of the document. When creating pages, there is a technique when the frames do not display at all, and a gap is made between the cells. As a result, the objects in the cells form smooth regular structures on the screen, while no traces of the tables are visible on the screen.
word processor Microsoft Word has amazingly flexible and powerful table creation tools for both printed and electronic documents.
The three main means of creating tables are:
Add Table button on the Standard toolbar;
Insert Table Dialog Box (Table > Insert > Table);
Table Drawer Tables and Borders (Table > draw a table).
Creating tables
The Add Table button is used to create simple small tables. Tables created by this method can be further developed, as necessary, increasing the number of rows and columns in them using the Table menu commands > Insert.
Command Table > Insert > The table is used to create more complex tables. It opens the Insert Table dialog box, where you can set the number of rows and columns, as well as the width of the columns. If you set the Autosize option to Auto instead of a specific size, AutoFit is enabled, allowing columns to be elastically formatted to fit the content. The auto-selection mode is set by the corresponding switch:
Constant width - the total width of the table is equal to the width of the document set field, and the width of each column is constant and depends on the number of columns (the mode is convenient when creating printed documents);
By content - the width of each column is proportional to the amount of data contained in it (the mode is convenient when creating electronic documents distributed in a word processor format);
Fit to window width - a special mode for tables placed on Web pages (the final formatting of a table does not occur at the time of its creation, but during viewing).
It is convenient to create tables of complex structure using the “drawing” method. The controls required for this are concentrated on the Tables and Borders toolbar (opened with the Table > draw a table). The procedure for creating tables with this method is covered in Exercise 1.
Table editing
Speaking of editing tables, we do not mean editing their content, but only editing their structure. Editing of content is carried out by usual means. In fact, editing the structure of tables comes down to the following operations:
Adding a given number of lines;
Adding a given number of columns;
Delete selected cells, rows and columns;
Merging selected cells;
Splitting selected cells.
By combining the above operations, it is possible to prepare tables with a complex structure based on tables with a simple structure. The tools to perform these operations are found in the Table menu (you may need to expand extended menu) or available through the context menus of selected objects.
Table Formatting
When working with tables, one should distinguish table formatting and content formatting. In the first case, the size of the structural elements of the table (cells, rows, columns, etc.) is controlled, and in the second case, the placement of the contents of the cells is controlled.
Table formatting can be done in command or interactive mode. In command mode, for this purpose, use the Table Properties dialog box (Table > table properties). It can also be opened from the context menu of a table by right-clicking within it. The controls on the tabs of the Table Properties dialog box allow you to:
Set the table alignment method relative to the document page (Table > Table properties > Table > alignment);
Set how the table interacts with surrounding text (Table > Table properties > Table > Wrap);
Define or override the appearance of the outer and inner frames of the table, as well as customize the appearance of the cells (Table > Table Properties > Table > borders and shading);
Set the sizes of internal margins in cells and the intervals between cells (Table > Table properties > Table > Options);
Assign parameters to the current row or selected rows (Table > Table Properties > Row);
Assign parameters to the current column or selected columns (Table > Table Properties > Column);
Assign parameters to the current cell or selected cells (Table > Table Properties > Cell).
In interactive mode, the table is formatted using markers that appear when you hover the mouse pointer over the table or its elements. Marker on the left upper corner table allows you to move the table across the working area of the document. The marker in the lower right corner allows you to control the overall dimensions of the table. The resizing handles that appear when you hover over the table frame allow you to interactively resize columns and rows using drag and drop.
Working with charts
Charts are a convenient means of visual presentation of data and, along with tables, are very widely used in scientific and technical documentation. To create charts word processor Microsoft Word has a plug-in Microsoft graph. Like the formula editor described above Microsoft Equation 3.0, this program is an external component and its installation must be specially ordered when installing the word processor.
word processor Microsoft Word XP provides two methods for inserting charts into a document. A more general method is based on the fact that at first some arbitrary chart is inserted into the document, with which some arbitrary chart is associated with it. base table data. Next, the diagram is configured, which consists in setting appearance and content editing. Since the content is based on a base table, it is edited by filling this table with the desired data.
The second, private method is based on the fact that the diagram is created on the basis of a specific table in the document. In this case, customizing the chart consists only in customizing the appearance. This method is obviously more convenient, but it should not be abused, since the data in the table and chart duplicate each other, and this is not justified in every document. We will look at how to create charts based on document tables in Exercise 2.
Create a basic chart
Creating a chart begins with creating a basic chart with the Insert > Object command. In the Insert Object dialog box that opens, select the Microsoft Graph Chart item, after which a chart is inserted into the document, with which a certain base table. Consider this table as a template. Its cells should be filled with your own data, and the filling can be automated by importing data from some other table, for example, from the table Microsoft Excel.
Rice. 7 First, an arbitrary chart and its associated table are inserted into the document. Further, the chart and table are edited in place
Working with drawings
Creating and editing drawings. To work with vector drawings, use the Drawing toolbar (View > Toolbars > Drawing). The main tool of this panel, designed to create the simplest objects, is the AutoShapes drop-down list. Its categories include blanks for creating lines, straight lines and curves, simple geometric shapes, curly arrows and extension lines, drawing elements for flowcharts and functional diagrams, and more. When creating and editing vector objects, the following techniques and tools are used.
1. Vector objects are created by selecting them from the categories of the AutoShapes list.
2. Their size is edited by dragging the markers of the selected object into the document field.
3. A convenient tool that simplifies the creation of geometric shapes is an auxiliary coordinate grid. Action Team > Grid Opens the Snap to Grid dialog box. It specifies the grid spacing and the way horizontal and vertical lines are displayed. The Snap to Grid checkbox provides precise positioning of the nodes of the figures in the nodes of the coordinate grid. It is convenient if simple (mostly rectilinear) geometric shapes are created. When editing ready-made figures, snapping to grid nodes can create inconvenience - in this case, it is turned off or objects are moved while the ALT key is pressed.
4. The thickness of the contour line and the fill color of the object refer to the properties of the object. All properties of objects can be edited in the Format AutoShape dialog box, which is opened by the command Format > AutoShape, or through the context menu of the object, or by double-clicking on the object itself. In particular, to control the thickness and shape of the contour lines, as well as the fill parameters, use the controls on the Colors and Lines tab of this dialog box.
5. The rotation of the object can be controlled discretely and continuously. To freely rotate a shape, use the Actions > Rotate/Flip command. > Free rotation from the Drawing toolbar. To rotate by a fixed angle, the angle value is entered in the Rotation counter field on the Size tab of the Format AutoShape dialog box.
6. The interaction of a drawn object with surrounding text can be quite complex. So, for example, text can flow around a picture according to a given scheme, but it can lie both on top of the picture and below it. The choice of how the picture interacts with text is performed on the Position tab in the Format AutoShape dialog box.
Creation of inscriptions in the field of the picture. Drawn objects can contain text elements, such as titles, letters or numbers in diagrams and drawings. In principle, the necessary inscriptions can be created with basic word processor tools, but in this case it is very difficult to ensure the exact position of the figure relative to the associated text, especially if the text is not final and can be further edited and formatted. For Web pages, this method is generally unacceptable, because they are formatted every time they are viewed, and in an unpredictable way.
To create text elements attached to autoshapes or drawings, use the special tool Caption (Insert > Inscription). Having created an autoshape, an Inscription element is created next to it. Enter the required text in the inscription field, after which the inscription can be edited. Its size is adjusted to the size of the text contained in it by dragging the markers. Other label properties are set in the Label Format dialog box, which for a selected label is opened with the Format command. > Inscription. The controls presented on the tabs of this window allow you to configure:
Background color (if you set the No fill option, the inscription will lie on a transparent background);
Color, type and thickness of framing lines (if you set the No lines option when choosing a color, then other parameters do not make sense);
The dimensions of the inner margins between the text and the outer frame of the Caption field (assigned on the Caption tab).
Having created an Inscription object, it can be grouped with a picture, and then they will represent an integral composition.
For autoshapes there is a special tool for creating text design - text can be placed in the autoshape field. This is done by the Add text command in the context menu of the autoshape. If the text is too large, you can either resize the AutoShape by dragging its handles, or change the text format by reducing the font size using the Formatting panel. This technique is used when creating block diagrams and functional diagrams of devices.
Working with clipart. Creating sufficiently complex compositions can be very time consuming. In such cases, ready-made libraries are used. (collections) drawings (cliparts), including thematic ones. Such libraries are distributed on separate CDs, they can be found on the Internet, but a basic, simple collection can be installed with a word processor - it is included in the package. Microsoft office.
To insert clipart, use the Insert command. > Picture > Pictures. The corresponding button (Add picture) is also available on the Drawing toolbar. This opens the Task Pane in Insert Picture mode. This name is rather conditional, since clipart is an extended concept. Clip art includes not only graphic objects, but also sound clips and video clips - they can also be inserted into a document using this tool.
To search for graphic cliparts, expand the Search for objects list and check the boxes only in the categories you need. Then click on the Find button. Images of all found clip arts will appear on the panel. Having found the desired clipart, it can be inserted into the document with a simple click.
When working with clipart, you should keep in mind that it is not always possible to choose exactly the clipart that best suits the nature of the document. Therefore, cliparts should not be considered as ready-made design tools, but as blanks for their creation. Cliparts are composite objects, They can be "disassembled" into components, their elements can be edited separately, compositions can be created from objects taken from different cliparts, All this is done by editing cliparts inserted into a document,
The usual procedure for editing clipart is as follows:
The clipart is selected by clicking the left mouse button;
Open its context menu by right-clicking;
In the context menu, select the Change picture command - it opens in edit mode;
In this mode, work with separate objects that make up the drawing.
When working with clipart objects, ungroup and reorder commands are used. If it is necessary to single out one constituent object from a complex composition, then the simplest trick is not to select all the elements that are included in it, but to remove those that are not included in it. After each of the deletions, you can issue a canceling command CTRL + Z, checking what has changed in the composition of the picture. If the changes are desired, they are restored with the CTRL + Y command, and if not, they proceed to selecting and deleting other elements.
The combination of objects belonging to different clipart is performed by copying through the clipboard Windows(CTRL+C and CTRL+V). When creating new objects from ready-made clipart, it is often necessary to change the size of the final image. The easiest way to do this is to use the Fit to Size button on the Canvas toolbar. This operation adjusts the borders of the picture to fit the content.
Special design tools. These decorations are represented by buttons on the Drawing toolbar. They allow:
Manage fill color, outline color and text color;
Control the thickness of solid lines and stroke parameters for dashed lines;
Convert lines to arrows and control the shape of their ends;
Create shadow effects;
Create 3D effects.
For each of these buttons, a palette opens that allows you to customize the result of the effect. If a shadow or 3D effect is applied to an object, then you cannot edit the result of this effect directly in the document field, because, unlike the contours of flat objects, the contours of 3D effects are not objects and do not have control markers. Therefore, for objects that have a shadow or three-dimensional design, other editing techniques are used:
Select an object in the document field;
Use the Shadow or Volume button on the Drawing toolbar;
In the palette that opens, select the Shadow Adjustment or Volume Adjustment control;
This opens the toolbar of the same name, through which special objects are edited.
Working with images
Under images refers to raster graphic objects executed by third parties software tools or received from an external source, They are inserted into the document by linking or embedding. The general command for inserting such objects is Paste > Picture > From file. This command opens the standard Add Image dialog box, in which the file containing the image is selected.
Select an insertion method. In a word processor Microsoft Word XP There are three ways to insert a favorite drawing into a document: insertion, binding and binding injection.
1. In the first case, the object will be included in the document and can be transferred along with it.
2. In the second case, it will remain at its place of storage, and only a pointer to the original source will be included in the document.
3. In the third case, the object will be included in the document, but its connection with the original source will be preserved. This is useful if you expect the original source to be editable and you want to ensure that editing of the embedded object is synchronized.
The insertion method is selected in the Add Picture dialog box. In its lower right corner there is a drop-down list in which you should select one method from three possible ones. *
Change the paste method. If embedding was chosen as the insertion method, then nothing can be changed. The user of a document in which an image is embedded is naturally denied access to the original. If, however, one of the two methods was used during insertion, implying a connection with the original, then the method can be changed.
When you select an object that has a link to the original, the Links item is activated in the Edit menu, which opens the Links dialog box.
The controls in this dialog box allow you to:
Update the link (if the original has changed);
Break the link (and move on to storing the object in the document);
Change the source (establish a connection with another object or with the same object, but stored in a different place);
Go to the simultaneous embedding and linking method by selecting the Keep in document check box.
Interaction of image with text. The main part of the tools for adjusting the properties of images in a text document is concentrated on the Image Adjustment toolbar (View > Toolbars > image setting). As a rule, when you select a picture in the text of a document, this panel opens automatically.
According to the way of interacting with text, there are two main types of images: embedded in a line (inline) and free (floating). Images of the first type can be conditionally considered as separate characters: when the text moves during editing, the image moves with it and remains in the place of the text where it was placed. The position of the free image on the page is not related to the position of the input. The image interacts with the text through wrapping.
To control how the image interacts with text, use the Position tab in the Format Picture dialog box, which is opened with the Format command. > Image or the Format Image button on the Image Adjustment toolbar. The In Text control embeds an image in a text string. Other elements serve to select one of the wrapping methods. If the image is inserted into the document as a free image, additional wrapping tools can be accessed from the menu that opens with the Text Wrap button on the Image Adjustment toolbar. In particular, there is the Edit Wrap Contour item here, which allows you to create interesting options for wrapping an image around a curvilinear contour.
Image editing techniques. In a word processor Microsoft Word XP.there are two means of editing an embedded bitmap.
The first tool is internal, and the second is external, connected when the processor is installed. internal remedy represented by the controls on the Image Adjustment toolbar (View > Toolbars > image setting). The external image editing tool is the editor Microsoft Photo Editor3.0. It must be connected during installation Microsoft Word XP just like formula editor Microsoft Equation 3.0 and Charts and Graphs Editor Microsoft chart.
The internal image editing tool has relatively few capabilities, and, strictly speaking, it is not quite correct to consider it an image editing tool. Using it does not change the original image, only the way it is displayed in the document changes. In fact, it is not the image that is being edited here, but a filter that controls how it looks in the document.
On the Image Adjustment toolbar, image adjustment tools are represented by the following buttons;
Increase contrast;
Decrease contrast;
Increase brightness;
Decrease brightness;
pruning;
Set transparent color.
The transparent color setting feature is of particular importance for creating the Web. - pages. It allows you to assign one (any) of the colors of the image as "transparent". When placing such a graphic object on top of other objects (this is done by setting the wrapping method), all objects of the underlying layer are visible through those areas of the upper image that have a color assigned to transparent. Of course, the images used for such a representation must be specially prepared. They should have large areas painted with a uniform background color. To do this, the image is either pre-processed in a graphics editor, or immediately removed with a digital camera against a uniform background (usually blue).
External Image Editing Tool (Editor Microsoft Photo Editor Z.0) is designed to change the original file and therefore only applies to images that are embedded in a document but not linked. Moreover, inserting an image into a document in this case should not be done as usual (Insert > Picture > From a file), and in another way - Paste > An object > Microsoft Photo Editor 3.0 Photo. This opens the window for creating a new image Create a picture, in which you must select the Open existing switch.
A pre-prepared image is opened from a file and can be edited using the editor Microsoft Photo Editor Z.0. At the end of editing, the editor window is closed, and the image is automatically embedded in a text document. If you later need to continue editing it, then double-clicking on the object will open the image directly in the editor Microsoft Photo Editor 3.0.
Creation of complex text documents
Previously, we discussed how to create simple text documents using a word processor Microsoft Word. To the conditional category simple these documents were classified only because they did not contain objects embedded in the text. Accordingly, we have not considered the issues of interaction between text and built-in objects.
In this chapter, we will look at how to create integrated text documents containing special design elements and embedded non-text objects (formulas, tables, charts, artistic titles, raster and vector illustrations, as well as multimedia objects).
Modern computers are an excellent tool for creating and storing the results of research work in the form of articles, theses, term papers and theses, dissertations. Most of these materials, in addition to text, may have formulas, tables, diagrams and figures. Microsoft Word is used to create such documents)