If you have ever encountered technical support Internet provider, or with the support of some program related to the local network or Internet access, then most likely you were asked about setting up the computer's network settings. For novice users, this is a dark forest, of course. And such a question introduces the poor fellow into a complete stupor. As a result, for the simplest manipulations, you have to call a computer wizard and pay him money. But everything is very simple. In this post, I will talk in detail about the basic network settings in Windows 10.
In the Windows 10 operating system, network settings mean the configuration of the TCP / IP protocol on the network adapter, as well as setting the parameters for accessing a computer from a network (local or global).
1. Internet protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4)
Click the Start button and enter the words in the search bar:
View network connections
The result should look like this:
We click on the icon from the control panel and we open the "Windows 10 network connections" window:
Choose the one you want and click on it right click mice. The properties window will open. These are the main network settings adapter in Windows 10:
Now we need to find the parameter IP version 4(TCP/IPv4) and click on it twice with the left button of the rodent. So we get into the configuration of the main network protocol IP. There are two options for setting it up:
1 - dynamic IP address.
This option is relevant when a DHCP server is running in the local area and the computer already receives its IP from it. It is usually used when connecting a PC to a home WiFi router or to a carrier's network. The protocol protocol configuration in this case looks like this:
That is, the system receives all addresses automatically from a special server.
2 - static IP address. In this case, ah-pi needs to be registered statically, that is, this address will be assigned to this particular computer on an ongoing basis. It looks like this:
What addresses should be entered in the fields?
Look, the screenshot above shows an option with connecting to a router or modem with DHCP server turned off.
The gateway IP is the address of the router itself on the network. It will also be used as the primary DNS.
Secondary DNS can be specified by the provider's server, or public DNS servers Google (8.8.8.8) or Yandex (77.88.8.8).
The mask used in home networks in 99 cases out of 100 is a regular 24-bit mask: 255.255.255.0 .
The IP address must be selected from the subnet of the gateway. That is, if the gateway is 192.168.1.1, then you can take any from the computer from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254.
The main thing is that he should not be busy with anything else.
Click on OK and close all windows! The main network protocol in Windows 10 is configured.
2. Sharing
The configuration of these network settings is responsible for accessing the computer from the network. To get here, in the Network and Internet section, select your adapter (WiFi or Ethernet) and click on the "Change advanced sharing settings" icon. This window will open:
Here you can see network access settings for several profiles: Private, Guest or all networks. Choose the one that has a mark at the end (current profile).
First comes Network discovery. It is responsible for whether your PC is visible from the network or not. If you are connected to local network at home or at work, it is better to leave it on. But when the computer is connected to the Internet directly, then in order to avoid threats and attacks, it is better to disable detection.
Next comes Sharing Files and Printers. If it is enabled, then anyone can connect and use the printer that is connected to your PC. For a home network, this does not matter, but in a corporate or public network it would be better to turn it off.
The last options are Connecting a homegroup. It is responsible for guest access from the network to the computer. If you allow Windows to manage connections, access will be through the Guest account. On a home network, this is more convenient. For others, it's better to use Accounts users so that no one can access you.
We save the changes.
These are the main network Windows settings 10, responsible for the network and connecting the computer to the Internet.
Windows 7 supports the vast majority of network cards. Moreover, most modern network equipment is sharpened specifically for Windows, with all the ensuing problems, because Windows is not famous for its stability. However, Microsoft promptly solves most of the problems that arise with network equipment, honor and praise to them, but those that inevitably arise will be analyzed in detail in this article.
First of all: in order to expand the potential range of tasks that a client computer performs on a network, it is necessary to change the basic parameters network card.
Here are examples of such tasks:
How to see a list of available network adapters (network connections) in Windows 7?
The list of available devices on Windows 7 can be seen in two ways:
The second method starts by opening the "Device Manager" using the "Run" window:
Enabling the network card, including using the BIOS
Read the instructions for all BIOS versions in the article -
On laptops, turning the network interface on and off is done by pressing a keyboard shortcut, on desktop computers, through the BIOS menu.
To enable the wireless network adapter on laptops, there is a Fn + F12 combination, although some manufacturers make a special key for this function.
Installing a network driver on Windows 7, including without the Internet
Since the network adapter is equivalent to the Internet, its absence makes it very difficult to download the driver for the network card. The issue is resolved by pre-recording drivers on media.
- Drivers are downloaded and written to a flash drive, CD, etc.
- The media is connected to the PC.
- After that, the "Device Manager" opens, using the "Run" window (called by pressing the "Win + R" keys), in which the "devmgmt.msc" command is entered.
- There is a section "Sound, game and video devices", subsection "Unknown device", which is not yet installed. You need to start installing drivers for an unknown device (future network adapter) after selecting it with the right mouse button and selecting it in the "Properties" drop-down menu.
- Click the left mouse button - "Update".
- Manual setting is selected.
- The path to the driver media is written or indicated.
- Finally, the installation begins. It takes no more than a couple of minutes.
The network card without drivers in the "Device Manager" was in the section " Unknown devices". After the update, it takes its rightful place - in the "Network Adapters".
Video - How to install a network adapter driver without access to the Internet
Setting up a network connection in Windows 7
Although Internet Service Providers prefer to configure their customers' network equipment themselves, sometimes more advanced configuration is required. This is typical for computers with multiple adapters.
For this:
- Go to the context menu "Start", open the "Control Panel".
- In the "View" category, set the value to "Category", find and open the "Network and Internet" section.
- Click on the "Network and Sharing Center" link. public access».
- Click on the "Change adapter settings" link.
- Right-click on the network connection shortcut, select "Properties".
- Check the box "Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)", click on the "Properties" button.
- Check the box "Use the following IP address", fill in the fields with data.
On a note! The fields and "Main gateway" are in the agreement with the Internet provider, the remaining fields contain the same values for all users.
Video - The computer does not see the network adapter
How to view and change network card settings (IP, Mac, and more) in Windows 7?
It is easy to see the adapter parameters and its MAC address thanks to system programs.
For this:
How to reset all network driver settings?
If you want to completely roll back all settings to their original level, then do the following:
Is it possible to create two network cards?
Many users are thinking about getting a second network card. Physically, there are no problems here: most laptops and computers support a second network card. But there are exceptions, as well as damaged slots, as well as netbooks and tablet computers. In this situation, you need to use a virtual board that distributes Internet traffic no worse than a physical one.
The ability to install such virtual card is in the Windows system itself:
- In the "Start" menu, type "manager" in the field, open "Device Manager".
- In the "Device Manager" click on the "Network adapters" section, select in the very top menu item "Actions", and from the drop-down - item "Install old device".
- The installation wizard will open. You need to select the manual option to access the list of drivers for all devices.
- Scroll through the categories, select "Network adapters", click "Next".
- Then click on the "Micrsoft" item, add "Micrsoft loopback adapter" or "Microsoft Loopback Adapter", which will then appear in the network connections window.
- Confirm. Network adapter should now appear in Network Connections.
Complete reset of network drivers
If your Internet is down or most of the Internet pages are not opening, then resetting all parameters and the TCP / IP stack can be an excellent solution to this problem.
Disable network card
To disable the network adapter, the most the best remedy- it's just to use the most standard and convenient Windows tool to contain all such hardware is the device manager. Do the following:
In this case, the shutdown will occur immediately, it will not even be necessary to reboot the OS.
Important! After the adapter is disconnected, the Internet connection will be cut off along with it and there will be a disconnection from the local network. Therefore, it is recommended to finish all your business on the Internet in a timely manner before turning off the network card.
The network adapter does not have valid IP settings
A common problem with Windows users 7 - this is when there are problems accessing the Internet and the network diagnostic tool displays a message stating that the network adapter does not have allowed parameters IP settings.
In this case, you can first try to reset the router. If you have a wired connection, then disable and then re-enable your network-connection in the network connections menu. If this does not help, then you can proceed to the next steps.
Step 1. Renew your IP address - this is the easiest method, although not always helpful in this case. To do this, open Command Prompt (as administrator) and enter the following commands:
Check again if the error is still displayed? If yes, then let's move on.
Step 2 You can try to reset network settings, namely the IP protocols. The TCP / IP protocol stack is recommended to be reset to factory settings in the most acute cases, when problems arise as a result of actions malware etc. To do this, you need to open in administrator mode command line and enter:
Network card settings crash
When setting up a network, users may encounter the following situation: when the IP address, gateway, DNS are manually entered - the prescribed parameters are not saved, but reset to factory settings, and thus it becomes impossible to change network settings from automatically receiving addresses from the router. One of the common reasons for this is the incorrect removal of an antivirus that has firewall functions.
What should be done:
- Reset the TCP/IP protocol stack to factory settings (see how to do this earlier in the article).
- Reboot.
If this does not help, then do the following:
After that, the problem should be resolved.
What to do if there are problems with the network card?
Many plug-in network adapters, due to their vulnerability to electricity, can temporarily fail during periods of severe thunderstorms, or power outages in a building. In most cases, difficulties manifest themselves in situations with wired equipment, since multi-storey buildings have long cable routes laid by Internet providers in places not quite intended for this, next to telephone and television cables and wires high voltage. High humidity, dampness and low temperature in this area - all this has an extremely negative effect on the insulation of wires, so breakdowns appear in them. .
Sometimes also, in more rare cases, breakdowns occur due to emergencies like a big thunderstorm. Network adapters often burn out, or users begin to experience difficulty logging into the network. In this case, the equipment will function, but there may be no connection to the Internet during such periods.
Unfortunately, this problem solved only by buying another model of network adapter. For desktop computer complies with the PCI standard, for a laptop - USB and PCMCIA.
It is also not recommended to include network cable into the router, and then connect a computer to it, because even if the router breaks down, its replacement will cost relatively inexpensively, compared to replacing the network card built into the computer (or even the entire motherboard).
Windows 7 does not see network adapter
When the integrated network equipment is not shown in either the Network Connections window or the Device Manager, and is not even reflected in the Unknown Devices section (which would be due to the lack of drivers), then something is most likely wrong with it physically. It is quite possible that some transistors burned out on the network card board, or a chip flew off - in this case it is more expedient to buy a new card.
Video - How to set up a wired network card on Windows 7
1. Open Device Manager. To do this: Click "Start" –> "Settings" –> "Control Panel" –> "System". Select the "Hardware" tab. Click "Device Manager". In the window that appears, expand the branch " Network boards" by clicking on the [+] to the left of it.
2. Left-click the wired network adapter ("Realtek...")
Click on the right mouse button and select "Properties".
Make sure this device is in use (turned on) and working properly. If it is off, turn it on ("Device use").
3. Select the Power Management tab.
4. Uncheck the box "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power". Click OK. Close all tabs.
5. Open the "Start" menu –> "Settings" –> "Control Panel". Double click the "Network Connections" icon.
6. Right-click on "Local Area Connection" and select "Properties" in the window that appears.
7. Highlight by clicking on the text, "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)". Do not uncheck this line.
8. Click on the "Properties" button below.
Often there is a situation where correct connection router or modem to a PC in the lower corner of the computer monitor there is no icon "wireless network connection windows 7". And no matter how much the user switches wires, stubborn "network connections" never appear. In this case, it is necessary to postpone the “cable work” for a while and check (and possibly reinstall) the LAN connection settings.
Windows 7 network connection setup
- 1. Click the left mouse button (then all the time with the left, unless otherwise indicated) the Start menu button.
- 2. Select the "Control Panel" icon.
- 3. In the "Control Panel" click "Network and Internet" - "View network status and tasks" (if you do not see it, switch the view mode to the "Category" view).
4. Go to the "Change adapter settings" menu.
5. Right-click on the "Local Area Network Connection" icon, select "Properties" from the context menu.
6. Double-click to expand the properties of "Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP / IPv4)".
7. We switch the first checkbox to the position: “Obtain an IP address automatically”, the second to “Obtain a DNS address of the north automatically”.
8. If the checkboxes were already in specified position, then we change the first one to the position: “Use the following IP address”.
Set the following values: "IP address": 192.168.1.2, "Subnet mask" 255.255.255.0, "Default gateway": 192.168.1.1; "Preferred DNS Server": 192.168.1.1.
Do not forget to click the "OK" button in all open windows after the settings are completed to save the settings.
Setting up a network connection in windows 8:
In general, setting the connection parameters here is carried out in the same way. previous version OS. The only caveat: many users do not know how to open network connections in windows 8. Therefore, at this stage, we will dwell in more detail:
1. Right-click on the "Start" menu and in the menu that appears, select "All applications"
2. In the "Applications" menu, click the "Control Panel" icon.
3. Click on the "Network and Internet" icon.
5. Find and click "Change adapter settings" (top left).
Further configuration is carried out similarly to the "seven": follow steps 5 to 8 and check the network connection - the corresponding icon should appear in the lower corner of the monitor.
This article will help you quickly answer your questions. Also, you can study the material in full to get a complete understanding of the network setup in Windows 7.
Introduction.
Purchasing an operating system Windows 7, the user must be prepared for the fact that sooner or later he will face the task of setting up the network in the operating system. For some, this task is not difficult. Typically, installing and configuring a network in Windows 7 is the next step immediately after installing Windows 7 ( If you haven't installed Windows 7 yet and aren't quite sure what steps to take, then you should read this section: Installing Windows 7).
The network setup step is required for the following post-installation steps:
- downloading actual distributions of anti-virus programs from the Internet;
- loading latest versions video player, web browser;
- if necessary, downloading from the network drivers for some devices on your computer (if they were not downloaded and installed automatically, or if there are no installation disks);
- use of the XBOX console;
- exchange of documents and fast access to the shared resources of several computers or laptops. In this case, you need to set up a wired or wireless network in order to use the Internet. As a rule, one computer or laptop serves as a kind of Internet distributor for all other pieces of computer equipment..
The same is true for MAC addresses and subnet masks. All these settings remain the same, they are familiar to users for a long time. Some changes have only affected the interface of the Control Panel and its items, with the help of which the network settings are accessed. Everything else without significant changes. This is another undoubted plus of Windows 7. Users who have previously used Windows XP will be able to understand the new operating system quite easily. As a rule, setting up a local network in such popular operating systems as Windows Vista,Windows 7, Windows Server 2008/2008 R2, starts with a network property configuration component such as "".
This property configuration tool allows the user to select a network location, set up printer and file sharing, and view a network map. You can also monitor the status of all your network connections. It is very convenient and practical.
How and where to open the Network and Sharing Center component.
Before you can use the full functionality to create network settings, you need to find and open it. One of the following actions of your choice will correctly open the active window " Network and Sharing Center»:
As you can see, if you are careful and read everything, then with the search for the "Network and Sharing Center" component, there should not be any problems. It should be noted that in order to expand the ranges of IP addresses used in Windows 7, in addition to the pre-existing IPv4 protocol, a new one was added - IPv6. True, providers have not yet activated it, and when this will happen on this moment unknown. Most likely, the creators of Windows 7 played ahead of the curve. 
Figure 1. The illustration shows the Network and Sharing Center window.
What is the network location of the computer.
Understand what is network location”, you need even before you start working with this important component. For all computers, this setting is set automatically the first time they connect to the selected network. This also applies to the firewall and security settings of the network selected for connection. All of them are also configured automatically during the first connection of a computer or laptop to the network.
operating room Windows system 7 supports multiple active profiles at the same time. This allows for the most secure use of multiple network adapters that can be connected to different networks.
By the way, Windows Vista uses the most restrictive firewall profile for all network connections. Perhaps that's why Vista isn't as popular as Windows 7.
There are four main types of network location:
| The first type is the home network. From the very name it becomes clear that this network location is intended for a computer that is used at home. It is also used in networks where all users know each other well. Such computers can not only create, but also join home groups. As a rule, for the convenience of users when using home networks, network discovery is turned on automatically. Home networks provide all computers with quality network access. | |
| The second type is a network of an enterprise or organization. This type of network location also allows you to find the network automatically. The difference from a home network is that in an enterprise network, it is not possible to attach or create a computer to home group. The network is exclusively for professional activity at the enterprise, in the organization or in the office. This type is called abbreviated (SOHO), that is, it is used in a small office network. | |
| The third type is the public network. Cafes, airports, train stations and other public places - this is where computers use the third type of network location. By default, the ability to join homegroups is disabled in this location. Network discovery is also disabled. Without exaggeration, we can say that this is the most strict arrangement. | |
| The fourth type is a domain network. The domain type of the network location is almost no different from the working network. Except that in the domain type, the network discovery and Windows firewall determined group policy. This also applies to the network card. To existing network received automatically type network placement"Domain", the computer only needs to be attached to domain Active Directory. Only in this case the network can become a domain network. |
Figure 2. Selecting the network location of the computer.Network map.
In order to see the location of all devices included in a particular local network, a network map is used. it graphic representation devices included in the network and the scheme by which they are connected to each other.
You can see the network map all in the same "Network and Sharing Center" window. True, only the local part of the network card is displayed here. Its layout is directly dependent on the available network connections. In the left upper corner you can see a display of the computer on which the map is being created. On the left you can see the display of the remaining computers included in the subnet.
Figure 3. An example of a network map.
You can view the network map at any time. True, only for such locations as " home network and Enterprise Network. If the user is curious to view maps for "Domain Network" or " public network”, then he will see a message that the network message is disabled by default by the administrator. A network administrator can enable mapping through Group Policy.
In Windows 7, not one, but two components are responsible for the operation of the network map. it Link layer(Link Layer Topology Discover Mapper - LLTD Mapper). It is this important component that queries the network for devices to be included in the map.
Network connections.
In the window " Network connections"You can see the entire set of data that the user needs to connect the computer to the Internet, local network or any other computer from the home network.
This data is available for viewing only after installing all the necessary drivers for each network adapter on Windows 7 and after automatic configuration all network connections on a particular local computer or laptop.
There are several simple and available ways, with which you can quickly and easily open the " Network connections»:
- Opening the window " Network and Sharing Center"and follow the link" Change adapter settings» (see figure 4);
Network and Sharing Center""." href="/upload/nastroika-windows-7/windows-7-nastroika-seti-img-7.png">
Figure 4. Opening the window " Network connections" through " Network and Sharing Center».
- Click the "Start" button and when the menu opens, enter "View Network Connections" in the search field. In the results found, select the application "View Network Connections" ( very convenient way);
- You can also use the classic keyboard shortcut Win+R. This will open the Run dialog. In the "Open" field, which is located in the "Run" dialog box, you must enter the following command: ncpa.cpl or control network connection. Having done this, you need to click the "OK" button.
Figure 5. Network Connections windowWindow " Network and Sharing Center» similar Windows window xp. All detailed information about the network connection can be obtained by selecting the "Properties" option for a specific network adapter (see Figure 6). In Windows 7, to configure the network connection in the "Properties" window, you need to select "Internet Protocol Version 4". In the same window, you can also necessary setting gateways, subnet masks, DNS servers, IP addresses, etc. All this information can be obtained from the provider that provides the Internet access service.
Figure 6 detailed information about network connection.
Rename the network adapter.
The developers of Windows 7 made sure that operating system by default, it itself assigns the names “Local Area Connection” to all network connections, or another option - “Connection to wireless network". If a user's computer has more than one network connection, the system also assigns a number to the connection. There are three ways to rename the name of any of the connections you have created.
- First way. Select a network connection and click on the "Rename connection" button located on the toolbar. After entering a new name, press the key Enter;
- The second way. With key F2: press, enter a new name and save using the same key Enter;
- The third way. To rename the network connection selected from the list, right-click on it, select the “Rename” command from the context menu that appears, rename and save the changes using the already familiar key Enter;
Network status.
In addition to the ability to rename the connection, you can also check the status of the network in this window. Using this window, which is called “Network Status”, at any time you can not only view any data about the connection network, but also find out details such as MAC address, IP address and many other useful and interesting information.
There are providers that allow users to access the Internet using the MAC address of the network card. If for some reason the network card has been changed or the entire computer has been replaced, the MAC address will also change, and Internet access will stop. For a new Internet connection, you need to install the necessary physical adress(MAC address).
How to see the MAC address of a network card in windows 7?
To view the current MAC address, as well as full information about the connection, you need to right-click on the local network connection, and then select the "Status" item in the opened context menu(See Figure 7).
Figure 8. How to change MAC address network card (network adapter).Network diagnostics.
If you encounter a situation where unexpected errors or failures occur in the operation of your network connection, you can resolve them using connection diagnostics. The diagnostic tool can be found in the Network Connections window.
Select window " Troubleshooting”, which, analyzing the connection status, offers a choice of possible faults and troubleshooting methods. To start diagnostics, you need to right-click on the network connection and select the "Diagnostics" command in the context menu.
Figure 9. Opening the Local Area Connection Troubleshooter.
The second way to start checking the network connection settings is to select desired network and click on the "Diagnostics of connections" button. The button can be seen on the toolbar.
In the dialog box that opens, to diagnose the connection, just follow the steps of the troubleshooting wizard. Nothing complicated.
Disabling the network device (network adapter).
Sometimes there are situations when network connection problems are not solved using the troubleshooting wizard, but by simply disconnecting the network adapter from the computer. This can easily be done by doing one of the following:
- Select a network connection and click on the "Disconnect" button network device”, located on the toolbar;
- Right-click on the network connection and select the "Disable" command in the context menu that appears;
Conclusion.
The article details how to configure, connect and diagnose network connections.
If you have any doubts about your own ability to configure and connect the network, then it is better to seek help from specialists, or read the article carefully again.